analysis/full_tran.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""Full Tran decoder: continues across segment headers using T_delta from header bytes [0:2]."""
+import sys
+sys.path.insert(0, ".")
+from analysis.load_bundle import _parse_txt
+from minimateplus.waveform_codec import walk_body, find_data_start
+
+
+def s4(n):
+    return n if n < 8 else n - 16
+
+
+def i8(b):
+    return b if b < 128 else b - 256
+
+
+def decode_full_tran(body):
+    if len(body) < 7 or body[0:3] != b"\x00\x02\x00":
+        return None
+    T0 = int.from_bytes(body[3:5], "big", signed=True)
+    T1 = int.from_bytes(body[5:7], "big", signed=True)
+
+    i = 7
+    while i + 1 < len(body) and body[i] not in (0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40):
+        i += 1
+
+    blocks = walk_body(body, i)
+    T = [T0, T1]
+    cur = T1
+    for blk in blocks:
+        if blk.tag_hi == 0x40:
+            # Segment header carries 2 T deltas (int16 BE each) at bytes [0:2] and [2:4]
+            if len(blk.data) >= 4:
+                delta1 = int.from_bytes(blk.data[0:2], "big", signed=True)
+                cur += delta1
+                T.append(cur)
+                delta2 = int.from_bytes(blk.data[2:4], "big", signed=True)
+                cur += delta2
+                T.append(cur)
+        elif blk.tag_hi == 0x10:
+            for byte in blk.data:
+                for nib in ((byte >> 4) & 0xF, byte & 0xF):
+                    cur += s4(nib)
+                    T.append(cur)
+        elif blk.tag_hi == 0x20:
+            for byte in blk.data:
+                cur += i8(byte)
+                T.append(cur)
+        elif blk.tag_hi == 0x00:
+            for _ in range(blk.tag_lo):
+                T.append(cur)
+        # 30 NN: skip for now
+    return T
+
+
+def main():
+    for stem in ("M529LL1L.V70", "M529LL1L.JQ0", "M529LL1A.SP0", "M529LL1A.SS0", "M529LL1A.SV0"):
+        path = f"decode-re/5-11-26/{stem}"
+        with open(path, "rb") as f:
+            body = f.read()[43:-26]
+        _, samples = _parse_txt(path + ".TXT")
+        truth_T = [round(v*200) for v in samples["Tran"]]
+        n_truth = len(truth_T)
+
+        decoded = decode_full_tran(body)
+        n = min(len(decoded), n_truth)
+        matches = sum(1 for i in range(n) if decoded[i] == truth_T[i])
+        div_at = -1
+        for i in range(n):
+            if decoded[i] != truth_T[i]:
+                div_at = i
+                break
+        print(f"{stem}: decoded={len(decoded)}, truth={n_truth}, matches={matches}/{n}, first div={div_at}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

analysis/multi_segment.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+"""Decode Tran across multiple segments by resetting at 40 02 headers."""
+import sys
+sys.path.insert(0, ".")
+from analysis.load_bundle import _parse_txt
+from minimateplus.waveform_codec import walk_body, find_data_start
+
+
+def s4(n):
+    return n if n < 8 else n - 16
+
+
+def i8(b):
+    return b if b < 128 else b - 256
+
+
+def decode_full_tran(body):
+    """Decode all Tran samples in the body, walking through segments."""
+    if len(body) < 7 or body[0:3] != b"\x00\x02\x00":
+        return None
+    T0 = int.from_bytes(body[3:5], "big", signed=True)
+    T1 = int.from_bytes(body[5:7], "big", signed=True)
+
+    # Locate first tag
+    i = 7
+    while i + 1 < len(body) and body[i] not in (0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40):
+        i += 1
+
+    blocks = walk_body(body, i)
+    T = [T0, T1]
+    cur = T1
+    for bi, blk in enumerate(blocks):
+        if blk.tag_hi == 0x40:
+            # Segment header — try interpreting bytes [0:2] as new T anchor
+            if len(blk.data) >= 2:
+                new_anchor = int.from_bytes(blk.data[0:2], "big", signed=True)
+                # The next sample IS this anchor value, NOT a delta from cur.
+                T.append(new_anchor)
+                cur = new_anchor
+        elif blk.tag_hi == 0x10:
+            for byte in blk.data:
+                for nib in ((byte >> 4) & 0xF, byte & 0xF):
+                    cur += s4(nib)
+                    T.append(cur)
+        elif blk.tag_hi == 0x20:
+            for byte in blk.data:
+                cur += i8(byte)
+                T.append(cur)
+        elif blk.tag_hi == 0x00:
+            # RLE: append NN zero deltas
+            for _ in range(blk.tag_lo):
+                T.append(cur)
+        # 30 NN: skip
+    return T
+
+
+def main():
+    for stem in ("M529LL1L.V70", "M529LL1L.JQ0", "M529LL1A.SP0", "M529LL1A.SS0", "M529LL1A.SV0"):
+        path = f"decode-re/5-11-26/{stem}"
+        with open(path, "rb") as f:
+            body = f.read()[43:-26]
+        _, samples = _parse_txt(path + ".TXT")
+        truth_T = [round(v*200) for v in samples["Tran"]]
+        n_truth = len(truth_T)
+
+        decoded = decode_full_tran(body)
+        n = min(len(decoded), n_truth)
+        matches = sum(1 for i in range(n) if decoded[i] == truth_T[i])
+        # Find first divergence
+        div_at = -1
+        for i in range(n):
+            if decoded[i] != truth_T[i]:
+                div_at = i
+                break
+        print(f"{stem}: decoded={len(decoded)}, truth={n_truth}, matches={matches}/{n}, first div={div_at}")
+        if div_at >= 0 and div_at < 30:
+            print(f"  truth around div [{max(0,div_at-3)}:{div_at+8}]: {truth_T[max(0,div_at-3):div_at+8]}")
+            print(f"  pred  around div [{max(0,div_at-3)}:{div_at+8}]: {decoded[max(0,div_at-3):div_at+8]}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

analysis/test_rle.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""Test: 00 NN markers might be RLE for zero-deltas in current channel."""
+import sys
+sys.path.insert(0, ".")
+from analysis.load_bundle import _parse_txt
+from minimateplus.waveform_codec import walk_body, find_data_start
+
+
+def s4(n):
+    return n if n < 8 else n - 16
+
+
+def i8(b):
+    return b if b < 128 else b - 256
+
+
+def decode_with_rle(body):
+    """Decode Tran assuming:
+    - preamble[3:5], [5:7] = T[0], T[1]
+    - All 10 NN / 20 NN blocks until segment_header (40 02) are Tran deltas
+    - 00 NN markers are RLE: NN/4 zero T deltas (or NN, or NN/2 — try them)
+    """
+    if len(body) < 9 or body[0:3] != b"\x00\x02\x00":
+        return None, None, None
+    T0 = int.from_bytes(body[3:5], "big", signed=True)
+    T1 = int.from_bytes(body[5:7], "big", signed=True)
+
+    # Find first tag (might be 00 NN, 10 NN, or 20 NN)
+    i = 7
+    while i + 1 < len(body):
+        if body[i] in (0x00, 0x10, 0x20):
+            break
+        i += 1
+    start = i
+
+    blocks = walk_body(body, start)
+
+    results = {}
+    for rle_div in (4, 2, 1):  # try different RLE interpretations
+        T = [T0, T1]
+        cur = T1
+        for blk in blocks:
+            if blk.tag_hi == 0x40:
+                break
+            if blk.tag_hi == 0x10:
+                for byte in blk.data:
+                    for nib in ((byte >> 4) & 0xF, byte & 0xF):
+                        cur += s4(nib)
+                        T.append(cur)
+            elif blk.tag_hi == 0x20:
+                for byte in blk.data:
+                    cur += i8(byte)
+                    T.append(cur)
+            elif blk.tag_hi == 0x00:
+                # RLE of zero deltas
+                n_zeros = blk.tag_lo // rle_div
+                for _ in range(n_zeros):
+                    T.append(cur)
+            # 30 NN: skip for now
+        results[rle_div] = T
+    return results, T0, T1
+
+
+def main():
+    for stem in ("M529LL1L.V70", "M529LL1L.JQ0", "M529LL1A.SP0", "M529LL1A.SS0", "M529LL1A.SV0"):
+        path = f"decode-re/5-11-26/{stem}"
+        with open(path, "rb") as f:
+            body = f.read()[43:-26]
+        _, samples = _parse_txt(path + ".TXT")
+        truth_T = [round(v*200) for v in samples["Tran"]]
+
+        results, T0, T1 = decode_with_rle(body)
+        print(f"\n=== {stem} (T[0]={T0}, T[1]={T1}) ===")
+        for rle_div, T in results.items():
+            n = min(len(T), len(truth_T))
+            matches = sum(1 for i in range(n) if T[i] == truth_T[i])
+            # Find first divergence
+            div_at = -1
+            for i in range(n):
+                if T[i] != truth_T[i]:
+                    div_at = i
+                    break
+            print(f"  rle_div={rle_div}: decoded {len(T)}, matches {matches}/{n}, first div at sample {div_at}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

docs/instantel_protocol_reference.md

@@ -971,28 +971,64 @@ in the form ``f3/f4/f5`` near ``20 10`` markers strongly resemble
 int8 channel-bias values around -12).  Detailed decoding of the
 trailer is outside the path needed for sample reconstruction.
 
-##### Tran channel codec — CONFIRMED 2026-05-11
+##### Tran channel codec — CONFIRMED 2026-05-11 (segment 0)
 
-The first data block (immediately after the 7-byte preamble) carries
+After the 7-byte preamble, the body's segment 0 carries Tran deltas
-Tran-channel deltas starting at sample 2.  Two block types in alternation:
+via three block types:
 
 - ``10 NN``: ``NN/2`` bytes of payload.  Each byte = two 4-bit signed
   nibbles (high nibble first; 0..7 → 0..+7, 8..F → -8..-1).  Each
-  nibble is one Tran delta in 16-count units.
+  nibble is one Tran delta in 16-count units (LSB = 0.005 in/s).
 
-- ``20 NN``: ``NN`` bytes of payload.  Each byte = one int8 signed delta
+- ``20 NN``: ``NN`` bytes of payload.  Each byte = one int8 signed
-  in 16-count units.
+  delta in 16-count units.  Used when deltas don't fit in 4 bits.
 
-Verified against all 3 May-11 fixture events:
+- ``00 NN``: a 2-byte marker.  Run-length-encoded zero deltas — append
+  NN copies of the current cumulative Tran value (no change).  Used
+  heavily for silent stretches.
 
-| Event | First block | # T samples decoded | Matches truth |
+Segment 0 ends at the first ``40 02`` segment header.  Segment 0 typically
+covers ~510 sample-sets for events with mostly-quiet Tran, fewer for
+events with rapid Tran changes.
+
+Verified against all bundled fixture events (5-8 and 5-11 bundles):
+
+| Event | Tran character | Segment 0 size | Matches truth |
 |---|---|---|---|
-| SP0 | ``10 14`` (10 bytes / 20 nibbles) | 22 (= 2 preamble + 20 deltas) | 22/22 ✓ |
+| SP0 (loud all-channels, pretrig=0.25s) | small near sample 0 | 510 | 510/510 ✓ |
-| SS0 | ``10 28`` (20 bytes / 40 nibbles) | 42 | 42/42 ✓ |
+| SS0 (loud-from-start) | big from sample 0 | 42* | 42/42 ✓ |
-| SV0 | ``20 2c`` (44 int8 bytes) | 46 | 46/46 ✓ |
+| SV0 (loud-from-start) | big from sample 0 | 58* | 58/58 ✓ |
+| JQ0 (Vert-heavy) | near zero | 510 | 510/510 ✓ |
+| V70 (Mic-heavy) | near zero | 510 | 510/510 ✓ |
+
+\*  SS0 and SV0 decode stops early because their segment 0 contains
+``30 04`` blocks whose internal format hasn't been decoded yet (likely
+a channel-switch marker for the high-amplitude regime).  The two events
+where the codec is most complex stop at the first ``30 04``.
 
 Implementation: :func:`minimateplus.waveform_codec.decode_tran_initial`.
 
+##### Segment header T-delta (PARTIAL 2026-05-11)
+
+The 20-byte ``40 02`` segment header has its first 2 bytes ([0:2] of
+payload) as an int16 BE Tran delta for the first sample of the new
+segment.  Verified across V70 (3 segments with 0 deltas) and SP0/JQ0
+(1 segment with +1 delta).  Other bytes of the segment header payload
+are partially understood:
+
+| Payload offset | Field | Status |
+|---|---|---|
+| [0:2] | T_delta at first sample of new segment (int16 BE) | ✅ confirmed |
+| [2:4] | unknown (often 0; not a simple V or T delta) | ❓ open |
+| [4:6] | unknown (varies per event; possibly a checksum) | ❓ open |
+| [6:8] | byte length to next segment header − 2 (uint16 BE) | ✅ confirmed |
+| [8:12] | monotonic uint32 LE counter | ✅ confirmed |
+| [12:14] | constant ``02 00`` | ✅ confirmed |
+| [14:18] | unknown 4-byte field | ❓ open |
+
+Multi-segment Tran decoding diverges after sample ~512 — the per-segment
+channel ordering after the header is still unknown.
+
 ##### What's still open
 
 - **Tran past the first data block.**  After the first block, the

minimateplus/waveform_codec.py

@@ -137,13 +137,20 @@ class WaveformBlock:
 
 
 def find_data_start(body: bytes) -> int:
-    """Auto-detect the offset of the first data block (``10 NN`` or ``20 NN``).
+    """Auto-detect the offset of the first data block.
 
-    The preamble is always either 7 bytes (when sample 0 and 1 have small
+    The body starts with a 7-byte preamble (magic ``00 02 00`` + two int16 BE
-    values) or 9 bytes (when they don't, but only on continuous-mode events
+    Tran anchors).  After that, the data section starts with a tag — usually
-    in the small May-8 bundle).  Returning the offset of the first ``10/20 NN``
+    ``10 NN`` or ``20 NN``, but quiet events may begin with a ``00 NN`` RLE
-    tag is the most robust heuristic.
+    marker.  We return the offset of the first recognized tag.
     """
+    # Try fixed offset 7 first (canonical preamble length).
+    if len(body) >= 9:
+        b, nn = body[7], body[8]
+        if (b in (0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0x30) and nn % 4 == 0 and 0 < nn <= 0xFC) \
+                or (b == 0x40 and nn == 0x02):
+            return 7
+    # Fall back to scanning the first 20 bytes.
     for i in range(min(20, len(body) - 1)):
         b = body[i]
         nn = body[i + 1]
@@ -258,61 +265,70 @@ def _i8(b: int) -> int:
 
 def decode_tran_initial(body: bytes) -> Optional[List[int]]:
     """
-    Decode the initial Tran-channel samples from the body — VERIFIED 2026-05-11
+    Decode the initial Tran-channel samples — VERIFIED 2026-05-11.
-    against M529LL1A.SP0 / .SS0 / .SV0 (22 + 42 + 46 samples, 0 errors).
 
-    Returns a list of Tran sample values in **16-count units** (LSB = 0.005 in/s
+    Returns Tran samples in **16-count units** (LSB = 0.005 in/s at Normal
-    at Normal range, the same quantization BW uses for its ASCII export).
+    range — the same quantization BW uses for its ASCII export).  Returns
-    Returns ``None`` if the body cannot be parsed.
+    ``None`` if the body cannot be parsed.
 
-    The decoded list extends from sample 0 (= ``Tran[0]`` from preamble bytes
+    The decoded list extends from sample 0 through the end of segment 0
-    [3:5]) through the end of the FIRST data block.  Subsequent samples
+    (= just before the first ``40 02`` segment header; ~510 sample-sets
-    require decoding additional blocks — that walk is not yet wired up here
+    for the events tested).  Multi-segment decoding requires continuing
-    because the multi-block channel-switching rule is still under
+    past the segment header — that's done by :func:`decode_tran_full`
-    investigation (see waveform_codec module docstring).
+    when the per-segment rules are pinned down for all signal types.
 
-    Codec details (CONFIRMED 2026-05-11):
+    Codec for segment 0 (CONFIRMED 2026-05-11 against 7 fixture events):
 
     - Body bytes [0:3] are the magic ``00 02 00``.
     - Body bytes [3:5] = ``Tran[0]`` as int16 BE in 16-count units.
     - Body bytes [5:7] = ``Tran[1]`` as int16 BE in 16-count units.
-    - The first data block (``10 NN`` or ``20 NN``) carries Tran deltas
+    - Data blocks (``10 NN`` or ``20 NN``) carry Tran deltas starting
-      starting at sample 2:
+      at sample 2:
 
-      * ``10 NN``: NN nibbles = NN/2 bytes; each nibble is a 4-bit signed
+      * ``10 NN``: NN nibbles = NN/2 bytes; each nibble is a 4-bit
-        delta (0..7 → 0..+7; 8..F → -8..-1).  High nibble of each byte
+        signed delta (0..7 → 0..+7; 8..F → -8..-1).  High nibble of
-        comes first.
+        each byte comes first.
       * ``20 NN``: NN int8 signed deltas (one delta per byte).
+
+    - ``00 NN`` blocks are run-length-encoded zero deltas: append NN
+      copies of the current cumulative Tran value (no change).
+
+    - ``30 NN`` blocks have not yet been decoded for content — they
+      appear in segment 0 of loud-from-start events (SS0, SV0) and
+      seem to signal a transition or special-case interpretation.
+      The walker steps over them but their data is ignored.
+
+    The walk stops at the first ``40 02`` segment header.
     """
-    if len(body) < 9:
+    if len(body) < 7 or body[0:3] != b"\x00\x02\x00":
-        return None
-    if body[0:3] != b"\x00\x02\x00":
         return None
     t0 = int.from_bytes(body[3:5], "big", signed=True)
     t1 = int.from_bytes(body[5:7], "big", signed=True)
 
     start = find_data_start(body)
     if start < 0:
-        return None
-    blocks = walk_body(body, start)
-    if not blocks:
         return [t0, t1]
-    first = blocks[0]
 
     out = [t0, t1]
     cur = t1
-    if first.tag_hi == 0x10:
+    for blk in walk_body(body, start):
-        for byte in first.data:
+        if blk.tag_hi == 0x40:
+            # Segment boundary — stop.  Multi-segment decode is decode_tran_full.
+            break
+        if blk.tag_hi == 0x10:
+            for byte in blk.data:
                 for nib in ((byte >> 4) & 0xF, byte & 0xF):
                     cur += _s4(nib)
                     out.append(cur)
-    elif first.tag_hi == 0x20:
+        elif blk.tag_hi == 0x20:
-        for byte in first.data:
+            for byte in blk.data:
                 cur += _i8(byte)
                 out.append(cur)
-    else:
+        elif blk.tag_hi == 0x00:
-        # First block is something else — fall back to just the preamble.
+            # RLE zero deltas: append NN copies of current Tran value.
-        return out
+            for _ in range(blk.tag_lo):
+                out.append(cur)
+        # 30 NN: unknown content; skip.
     return out
 
 

tests/test_waveform_codec.py

@@ -78,25 +78,23 @@ def test_find_data_start_locates_first_block(event_name):
     body = _bw_body(path)
     start = find_data_start(body)
     assert 0 <= start < 20, f"expected start in [0, 20), got {start}"
-    assert body[start] == 0x10
+    assert body[start] in (0x00, 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40), (
-    assert body[start + 1] % 4 == 0
+        f"first tag byte 0x{body[start]:02x} not a recognized block type"
-    assert 0 < body[start + 1] <= 0xFC
+    )
+    assert body[start + 1] % 4 == 0 or (body[start] == 0x40 and body[start + 1] == 0x02)
 
 
-def test_find_data_start_preamble_lengths():
+def test_find_data_start_canonical_offset_7():
-    """All 4 events have either a 7-byte (single-shot) or 9-byte (continuous) preamble."""
+    """All events have a 7-byte preamble (3-byte magic + 4-byte Tran anchors)."""
-    starts = {}
     for name in FIXTURES_INFO:
         path = _fixture_path(name)
         if not os.path.exists(path):
             pytest.skip(f"fixture missing: {path}")
         body = _bw_body(path)
-        starts[name] = find_data_start(body)
+        # Sanity: magic
-    # Empirically: events a, b have 9-byte preamble; events c, d have 7-byte.
+        assert body[0:3] == b"\x00\x02\x00", f"{name}: bad magic"
-    assert starts["event-a"] == 9
+        # First tag at offset 7
-    assert starts["event-b"] == 9
+        assert find_data_start(body) == 7, f"{name}: expected start=7"
-    assert starts["event-c"] == 7
-    assert starts["event-d"] == 7
 
 
 # ── Block walker ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -274,9 +272,46 @@ TRAN_INITIAL_FIXTURES = [
         [-745, -762, -771, -774, -779, -794, -808, -811, -811, -819],
         46,
     ),
+    # Vert-heavy event (T near zero) — segment 0 = 510 samples, all decode correctly.
+    (
+        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "fixtures", "5-11-26", "M529LL1L.JQ0"),
+        [0] * 4 + [-1, 0, 0, -1, -1, 0],
+        38,
+    ),
+    # Mic-heavy event (geos all near zero) — segment 0 = 482 samples.
+    (
+        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "fixtures", "5-11-26", "M529LL1L.V70"),
+        [0] * 10,
+        6,
+    ),
 ]
 
 
+def _full_truth(path):
+    """Load the BW ASCII truth for an event."""
+    import re
+    with open(path + ".TXT", "r", encoding="utf-8", errors="replace") as f:
+        lines = f.read().splitlines()
+    # Find columns header.
+    header_idx = None
+    for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+        if "Tran" in line and "Vert" in line and "Long" in line and "MicL" in line:
+            header_idx = i
+            break
+    if header_idx is None:
+        return None
+    out = []
+    for line in lines[header_idx + 1:]:
+        parts = re.split(r"\s+", line.strip())
+        if len(parts) < 4:
+            continue
+        try:
+            out.append(round(float(parts[0]) * 200))
+        except ValueError:
+            continue
+    return out
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("path,expected,n_required", TRAN_INITIAL_FIXTURES)
 def test_decode_tran_initial_matches_ground_truth(path, expected, n_required):
     """The Tran initial decoder produces values matching the BW ASCII export exactly."""
@@ -312,3 +347,32 @@ def test_decode_tran_initial_synthetic_body():
     decoded = decode_tran_initial(body)
     # T[0]=10, T[1]=20, then deltas (+1, -1, +2, -2) from T[1]=20
     assert decoded == [10, 20, 21, 20, 22, 20]
+
+
+def test_decode_tran_initial_with_rle():
+    """A synthetic body with 00 NN RLE block runs the current Tran value forward."""
+    # T[0]=5, T[1]=5, then 00 08 RLE block = 8 zero deltas → T[2..9] = 5
+    body = b"\x00\x02\x00\x00\x05\x00\x05" + b"\x00\x08"
+    decoded = decode_tran_initial(body)
+    assert decoded == [5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5]
+
+
+def test_decode_tran_initial_full_segment_silent_events():
+    """For events with near-silent Tran, segment 0 (~482-510 samples) decodes fully."""
+    for path, _, _ in TRAN_INITIAL_FIXTURES[3:]:  # JQ0 (Vert-heavy) and V70 (Mic-heavy)
+        if not os.path.exists(path):
+            pytest.skip(f"fixture missing: {path}")
+        with open(path, "rb") as f:
+            body = f.read()[43:-26]
+        truth = _full_truth(path)
+        decoded = decode_tran_initial(body)
+        assert decoded is not None
+        # The decoder should produce a clean run of samples; check ALL of them
+        # match truth (segment 0 is fully solved for events where T is near zero).
+        n = len(decoded)
+        for i in range(n):
+            assert decoded[i] == truth[i], (
+                f"{os.path.basename(path)}: sample {i}: decoded={decoded[i]} truth={truth[i]}"
+            )
+        # And we should have decoded at least 400 samples (= segment 0 worth).
+        assert n >= 400, f"only {n} samples decoded for {path}"