feat: NL-42/NL-52 serial control layer (USB/RS-232, dependency-free)

Adds a stdlib-only (termios, no pyserial) control layer for the older RION
NL-42/NL-52 meters, which have no Ethernet option and speak the same ASCII
command family as the NL-43 over RS-232C or USB (virtual COM port).

- nl52/protocol.py: I/O-free parsers for DOD? (14 fields) and DRD? (9
  fields), result codes, and level tokens. Handles '--.-' disabled-channel
  nulls and space-padded fixed-width fields.
- nl52/client.py: termios SerialPort + NL52Client. Echo-tolerant result-code
  reading, buffered multi-line reads, NL-52 rate limits (200ms; 1s for DOD?).
  is_request = "?" in cmd (NL-52 requests can carry a param after '?', e.g.
  'System Version?NL').
- nl52/cli.py: bench tool — probe/status/start/stop/monitor/poll/raw — for
  testing over USB on the dev server with nothing to install.
- test_nl52_protocol.py: 45 parser assertions, host-runnable (no hardware).
  Client exchange logic separately validated via pty loopback.

NL-52 quirks vs NL-43: DOD has no Lpeak and no measurement-state (query
Measure? separately); DRD streaming requires the NX-42EX option.

Not yet: SLMM integration (async transport / serial->TCP bridge for the RX55
PAD-mode path), DB model, validation against real hardware.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
2026-06-08 01:02:51 +00:00
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"""
NL-42 / NL-52 serial client — dependency-free (stdlib termios).
Opens the meter's virtual COM port (USB) or RS-232C port and exchanges
ASCII commands. No pyserial required, so it runs on the dev server with
nothing to install.
Usage:
from nl52.client import NL52Client
with NL52Client("/dev/ttyUSB0") as m:
print(m.system_version())
print(m.measure_state())
snap = m.request_dod()
print(snap.lp, snap.leq)
Integration note: this client is synchronous for a robust bench tool. The
parsing in nl52.protocol is I/O-free and reused as-is when this is later
wrapped for SLMM (async transport, or a serial->TCP bridge behind the
existing NL43-style TCP client).
"""
import os
import select
import termios
import time
from typing import Callable, List, Optional
from nl52.protocol import (
CRLF,
SUB,
DODSnapshot,
DRDSample,
ResultError,
is_result_code,
parse_dod,
parse_drd,
)
_BAUD = {
9600: termios.B9600,
19200: termios.B19200,
38400: termios.B38400,
57600: termios.B57600,
115200: termios.B115200,
}
# Inter-command spacing (Serial Interface Manual "Rated Values"):
# - wait >=200 ms after a reply before the next command
# - wait >=1 s between DOD? requests
MIN_GAP_DEFAULT = 0.2
MIN_GAP_DOD = 1.0
class SerialPort:
"""Minimal raw 8N1 serial port over a tty fd (no flow control)."""
def __init__(self, device: str, baud: int = 115200):
if baud not in _BAUD:
raise ValueError(f"Unsupported baud {baud}; choose {sorted(_BAUD)}")
self.device = device
self.baud = baud
self.fd: Optional[int] = None
self._buf = bytearray() # holds bytes read past the last returned line
def open(self):
fd = os.open(self.device, os.O_RDWR | os.O_NOCTTY | os.O_NONBLOCK)
iflag, oflag, cflag, lflag, ispeed, ospeed, cc = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
iflag = 0
oflag = 0
lflag = 0
cflag = termios.CS8 | termios.CREAD | termios.CLOCAL
ispeed = ospeed = _BAUD[self.baud]
termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSANOW,
[iflag, oflag, cflag, lflag, ispeed, ospeed, cc])
termios.tcflush(fd, termios.TCIOFLUSH)
self.fd = fd
def close(self):
if self.fd is not None:
try:
os.close(self.fd)
finally:
self.fd = None
def flush_input(self):
self._buf.clear()
if self.fd is not None:
termios.tcflush(self.fd, termios.TCIFLUSH)
def write(self, data: bytes):
assert self.fd is not None
os.write(self.fd, data)
def read_line(self, timeout: float) -> Optional[str]:
"""Read one CRLF/LF-terminated line. Returns the line without the
terminator, or None on timeout with no complete line.
Bytes received past the newline are retained in self._buf so the next
call returns the next line — handles multiple lines arriving in a
single read (e.g. result code + data line together)."""
assert self.fd is not None
deadline = time.time() + timeout
while True:
if b"\n" in self._buf:
line, _, rest = self._buf.partition(b"\n")
self._buf = bytearray(rest)
return line.decode("ascii", errors="replace").strip()
remaining = deadline - time.time()
if remaining <= 0:
break
r, _, _ = select.select([self.fd], [], [], remaining)
if not r:
break
try:
chunk = os.read(self.fd, 256)
except BlockingIOError:
continue
if chunk:
self._buf.extend(chunk)
# Timeout: surface any buffered (un-terminated) bytes as a last resort
if self._buf:
line = bytes(self._buf)
self._buf = bytearray()
return line.decode("ascii", errors="replace").strip()
return None
class NL52Client:
def __init__(self, device: str = "/dev/ttyUSB0", baud: int = 115200,
timeout: float = 3.0, disable_echo: bool = True):
self.port = SerialPort(device, baud)
self.timeout = timeout
self.disable_echo = disable_echo
self._last_cmd_time = 0.0
# -- lifecycle ----------------------------------------------------------
def __enter__(self):
self.connect()
return self
def __exit__(self, *exc):
self.close()
def connect(self):
self.port.open()
if self.disable_echo:
# Best-effort: turn echo-back off so replies aren't prefixed with
# the command. Ignore failures (some firmware defaults to off).
try:
self.send("$Echo,Off")
except Exception:
pass
def close(self):
self.port.close()
# -- core exchange ------------------------------------------------------
def _rate_limit(self, command: str):
gap = MIN_GAP_DOD if command.strip().upper().startswith("DOD") else MIN_GAP_DEFAULT
elapsed = time.time() - self._last_cmd_time
if elapsed < gap:
time.sleep(gap - elapsed)
def send(self, command: str) -> str:
"""Send one command and return its response.
For request commands (containing '?') returns the data line.
For setting commands returns the result code (e.g. 'R+0000').
Raises ResultError on R+0001..0004, TimeoutError if no reply.
Note: NL-52 request commands may carry a parameter *after* the '?'
(e.g. 'System Version?NL'), so detection is "contains ?", not
"ends with ?". Setting commands start with '$' and never contain '?'.
"""
is_request = "?" in command
self._rate_limit(command)
self.port.flush_input()
self.port.write((command + CRLF).encode("ascii"))
result_code = self._read_result_code(command)
try:
if result_code != "R+0000":
raise ResultError(result_code)
if is_request:
data = self.port.read_line(self.timeout)
if data is None:
raise TimeoutError(f"No data line after {command!r}")
return data
return result_code
finally:
self._last_cmd_time = time.time()
def _read_result_code(self, command: str) -> str:
"""Read lines until a result code, skipping echo / '$' prompt lines."""
sent = command.strip().lstrip("$").strip().lower()
deadline = time.time() + self.timeout
while time.time() < deadline:
line = self.port.read_line(max(0.1, deadline - time.time()))
if line is None:
continue
stripped = line.strip()
if not stripped:
continue
if is_result_code(stripped):
return stripped
# Skip an echoed command or a bare '$' prompt
norm = stripped.lstrip("$").strip().lower()
if norm == sent or stripped == "$":
continue
# Unexpected line — keep looking until timeout
raise TimeoutError(f"No result code after {command!r}")
# -- convenience commands ----------------------------------------------
def system_version(self, option: str = "NL") -> str:
return self.send(f"System Version?{option}")
def get_clock(self) -> str:
return self.send("Clock?")
def set_clock_now(self):
t = time.localtime()
# Clock,YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS
stamp = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S", t)
return self.send(f"$Clock,{stamp}")
def measure_state(self) -> str:
"""Returns 'Start' or 'Stop'."""
return self.send("Measure?")
def measure_start(self):
return self.send("$Measure,Start")
def measure_stop(self):
return self.send("$Measure,Stop")
def battery_type(self) -> str:
return self.send("Battery Type?")
def sd_free_size(self) -> str:
return self.send("SD Card Free Size?")
def request_dod(self) -> DODSnapshot:
return parse_dod(self.send("DOD?"))
# -- DRD streaming (requires NX-42EX) -----------------------------------
def stream_drd(self, on_sample: Callable[[DRDSample], None],
duration: Optional[float] = None,
max_samples: Optional[int] = None):
"""Start DRD continuous output and call on_sample for each line.
Stops after `duration` seconds or `max_samples`, then sends SUB to
halt the stream. Requires the NX-42EX option on the meter.
"""
self._rate_limit("DRD?")
self.port.flush_input()
self.port.write(("DRD?" + CRLF).encode("ascii"))
# First line should be the result code
rc = self._read_result_code("DRD?")
if rc != "R+0000":
self._last_cmd_time = time.time()
raise ResultError(rc)
count = 0
deadline = time.time() + duration if duration else None
try:
while True:
if deadline and time.time() >= deadline:
break
if max_samples and count >= max_samples:
break
line = self.port.read_line(timeout=2.0)
if line is None:
continue
if is_result_code(line):
continue
on_sample(parse_drd(line))
count += 1
finally:
self.port.write(SUB)
time.sleep(0.3)
self.port.flush_input()
self._last_cmd_time = time.time()