feat: preserve and encode raw 0C record in sidecar extensions for offline analysis

test: add regression tests for v0.14.x SUB 5A protocol fixes
refactor(logging): change warning logs to debug for less verbosity in write_blastware_file

.gitignore

@@ -1,28 +1,33 @@
-/bridges/captures/
-/example-events/
-
-/manuals/
-
-# Python bytecode
-__pycache__/
-*.py[cod]
-
-# Virtual environments
-.venv/
-venv/
-env/
-
-# Editor / OS
-.vscode/
-*.swp
-.DS_Store
-Thumbs.db
-
-# Analyzer outputs
-*.report
-claude_export_*.md
-
-# Frame database
-*.db
-*.db-wal
-*.db-shm
+/bridges/captures/
+/example-events/
+
+/manuals/
+
+# Python build artifacts
+*.egg-info/
+dist/
+build/
+
+# Python bytecode
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+
+# Virtual environments
+.venv/
+venv/
+env/
+
+# Editor / OS
+.vscode/
+*.swp
+.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db
+
+# Analyzer outputs
+*.report
+claude_export_*.md
+
+# Frame database
+*.db
+*.db-wal
+*.db-shm

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,6 +4,724 @@ All notable changes to seismo-relay are documented here.
 
 ---
 
+## v0.15.0 — 2026-05-07
+
+### Added
+
+- **Layered event storage architecture.**  Each event now lands as four
+  files in the per-serial waveform store, each with a clear role:
+
+  - `<filename>` — the Blastware-readable binary (BW file).  Untouched.
+  - `<filename>.a5.pkl` — the raw 5A frames (regenerative source).
+  - `<filename>.h5` — clean per-channel waveform arrays in physical
+    units (in/s for geo, psi for mic) plus event metadata (HDF5 with
+    gzip compression).  This is the canonical format for downstream
+    analysis tools.
+  - `<filename>.sfm.json` — the modern review/metadata sidecar (peaks,
+    project, source provenance, review state, extensions).
+
+  SQLite (`seismo_relay.db`) is the searchable index over all four.
+
+- **Plot-ready waveform JSON (`sfm.plot.v1`).**  The `/device/event/{idx}/waveform`
+  and `/db/events/{id}/waveform.json` endpoints now return samples in
+  physical units with explicit time-axis metadata, peak markers, and
+  per-channel unit hints — no more guessing the ADC-to-velocity scale
+  client-side.  The webapp waveform viewer was rewritten to consume
+  this shape.
+
+- **In-app waveform viewer accuracy fix.**  The standalone SFM webapp
+  viewer was scaling geophone amplitudes by `geoAdcScale / 32767`
+  (≈ 6.206 / 32767), where `geoAdcScale = 6.206053` is the device's
+  *in/s per V* hardware constant — not the ADC-counts-to-velocity
+  factor.  This silently scaled every plot ~38% too low for Normal-range
+  geophones (the correct full-scale is 10.0 in/s, or 1.25 in/s for
+  Sensitive).  Conversion is now done server-side using the geo_range
+  from compliance config; the client just plots.
+
+- New `sfm/event_hdf5.py` module: `write_event_hdf5()`,
+  `read_event_hdf5()`, plus a plot-JSON helper.
+- Backfill script extended to also emit `.h5` for existing events.
+
+### Dependencies
+
+- Added `h5py>=3.10` and `numpy>=1.24` for the HDF5 storage layer.
+- Added `python-multipart>=0.0.7` (required by FastAPI for the
+  `/db/import/blastware_file` endpoint introduced in this release).
+
+---
+
+## v0.14.3 — 2026-05-05
+
+### Fixed
+
+- **`build_5a_frame` — DLE-stuffing rule for 0x10 bytes in params (the
+  long-standing >1-sec event 0 "won't open in BW" bug).**
+
+  Previously `build_5a_frame` wrote params bytes RAW with no DLE stuffing,
+  based on the incorrect assumption that the device handled all `0x10`
+  bytes in params literally.  It does not.  The device's actual de-stuffing
+  rule for the params region is:
+
+    - `10 10`             → de-stuffs to `10`
+    - `10 02/03/04`       → kept literal (inner-frame markers)
+    - `10 X` for other X  → de-stuffs to just `X` (drops the `0x10`)
+
+  When the counter passed in params has `0x10` in the high byte (e.g.
+  counter=`0x1000` produces params bytes `... 10 00 ...`), the device
+  silently corrupts the request to counter=`0x__00` and responds with
+  whatever lives at that wrong address.  For counter=0x1000 the wrong
+  address was 0x0000, so the response was a copy of the file header +
+  STRT record.  That STRT block then got embedded in the assembled body
+  at file offset `0x1016`, and Blastware refused to open the file
+  (interprets the second STRT as a malformed multi-event file).
+
+  This explains the entire >1-sec event-0 failure pattern:
+
+    - 1-sec events have `end_offset < 0x1000`, so the chunk walk never
+      requests counter `0x10__` and the bug never triggers.
+    - 2-sec / 3-sec / longer events all need a chunk at counter `0x1000`
+      (and longer events also need `0x1200`, `0x1400`, etc., none of which
+      have `0x10` in the high byte except `0x1000`).  Just one corrupted
+      response is enough to embed STRT in the body and break the file.
+
+  Verified against BW 5-1-26 "copy 3sec" capture: all 17 5A request
+  frames (probe + 2 metadata pages + 13 sample chunks + TERM) now match
+  BW's wire output **byte-for-byte**, including the doubled `10 10 00`
+  for counter=0x1000.
+
+### Notes
+
+- `0x10` bytes in `offset_hi` (the standalone offset field at body[5])
+  are still written RAW — confirmed correct per the 1-2-26 capture.
+- BW's actual encoding of `10 02` / `10 04` for meta pages 0x1002 /
+  0x1004 is *not* doubled — it relies on the device keeping `10 02`
+  and `10 04` as literal pairs.  This is preserved by the fix.
+
+---
+
+## v0.14.2 — 2026-05-04
+
+### Fixed
+
+- **`blastware_file.py` — removed harmful "duplicate header+STRT" strip.**
+  The v0.13.x strip logic was matching the byte sequence `00 12 03 00 STRT`
+  in legitimate waveform data — sample chunks at counter `0x1000` and
+  beyond often contain those bytes coincidentally — and zeroing 25 bytes
+  of valid samples per match.  This is why event 0 (event-1 case in the
+  protocol) downloads of >1-sec recordings always failed in BW: the strip
+  destroyed real data at body offset `0x1012..0x102B` and propagated
+  alignment differences through the rest of the body.  Sub-1-sec events
+  worked because their `end_offset` was below `0x1002`, so no sample
+  chunks landed in the metadata-page region and the strip's needle never
+  matched.  Verified fix by re-feeding the BW 5-1-26 "copy 3sec" capture's
+  A5 frames into the file builder: output is now byte-identical to BW's
+  saved `M529LKIQ.G10` reference (8708 bytes, 0 differences).
+- BW already concatenates frame contributions in stream order without
+  any de-duplication; SFM now does the same.
+
+---
+
+## v0.14.0 — 2026-05-02
+
+### Changed (major rewrite)
+
+- **`read_bulk_waveform_stream` — STRT-bounded chunk walk.**  Replaces the
+  earlier `0x0400`-step / `max(key4[2:4], 0x0400)` chunk-counter formula,
+  which over-read ~5× past the actual event end into post-event circular-
+  buffer garbage.  The new walk:
+
+    1. Probe at `counter = start_offset` (event 1: `0x0000`; event N:
+       `cur_key[2:4]`).
+    2. Parse `end_offset` from the STRT record at `data[17]` of the probe
+       response (`end_key[2:4]` field).
+    3. For event 1 only, read the two fixed metadata pages at counter
+       `0x1002` and `0x1004` — these contain the global session-start
+       compliance setup (Project / Client / User Name / Seis Loc /
+       Extended Notes ASCII strings).  Continuation events skip these
+       (BW caches them across the session).
+    4. Walk sample chunks at **`0x0200` increments (NOT `0x0400`)**, bounded
+       by `end_offset` — the loop exits when
+       `next_chunk_counter + 0x0200 > end_offset`.
+    5. Send the proper TERM frame (see new `bulk_waveform_term_v2()`) with
+       `offset_word = end_offset - next_boundary` and
+       `params[2:4] = next_boundary BE`.  The TERM response carries the
+       partial last chunk + 26-byte file footer.
+
+- **New helpers:** `bulk_waveform_term_v2(key4, end_offset, last_chunk_counter)`
+  and `parse_strt_end_offset(a5_data)` in `minimateplus.framing`.
+
+- **`stop_after_metadata` / `extra_chunks_after_metadata` kwargs are now
+  no-ops** under the v0.14.x walk.  They are retained on the
+  `read_bulk_waveform_stream` signature for backward compatibility but log a
+  DEBUG line when set.  The old "scan for `b'Project:'` and stop one chunk
+  later" workaround is obsolete — the loop is deterministically bounded by
+  the STRT-derived `end_offset`.
+
+- **Project / Client / User Name / Seis Loc string source corrected.**
+  These come from the dedicated metadata pages at counter `0x1002` /
+  `0x1004`, not from "A5 frame 7" of the sample-chunk stream.  The
+  earlier "A5 frame 7" claim was an artifact of the broken `0x0400`-step
+  walk where the bad counter formula coincidentally landed sample-chunk
+  fi=7 on top of the 0x1002 metadata page.
+
+### Verified
+
+- Three independent BW MITM captures (4-27-26 + 5-1-26 + 5-4-26) confirm
+  the new walk matches BW's behaviour event-for-event.
+- `end_offset` values verified across 3 events: `0x1ABE` (4-27-26 2-sec),
+  `0x21F2` (5-1-26 3-sec), `0x417E` (5-1-26 event-2).
+
+### Notes
+
+- Earlier v0.13.0 / v0.13.1 / v0.13.2 entries describe partial steps along
+  the way (some of the file builder fixes, filename bugs, etc.) that were
+  superseded by the full rewrite.  Treat this v0.14.0 entry as the
+  definitive landing point for the corrected SUB 5A protocol.
+
+---
+
+## v0.14.1 — 2026-05-04
+
+### Fixed
+
+- **`read_bulk_waveform_stream` — event-N probe counter off-by-`0x46`.**
+  Continuation events (start_key[2:4] != 0) were being probed at counter
+  `start_offset + 0x0046` instead of just `start_offset`.  In the iteration
+  walk, `cur_key` from 1F is already the off=0x46 WAVEHDR record key, so the
+  earlier formula effectively double-counted the WAVEHDR offset.  The probe
+  landed one WAVEHDR past the actual event start, the response no longer
+  contained the STRT record at byte 17, `parse_strt_end_offset` returned
+  `None`, and the chunk loop fell back to the `max_chunks=128` cap — walking
+  ~110 chunks of post-event circular-buffer garbage.  Verified against the
+  5-1-26 "copy 2nd address" and 5-4-26 BW 2-sec event captures: BW probes
+  counter=`0x2238` with key=`01112238` and STRT is present at byte 17 of
+  the response (end_offset=`0x417E`).
+- **CLAUDE.md / docs/instantel_protocol_reference.md** — corrected the
+  event-N section to clarify that `start_key` in those formulas is the
+  off=0x46 key, not the off=0x2C boundary key, and removed the spurious
+  `+0x46` from the chunk-walk pseudocode.
+
+---
+
+## v0.13.2 — 2026-05-01
+
+### Fixed
+
+- **`_extract_record_type` — third 0C-record header format ("short", 8 bytes).**
+  A live SFM download against BE11529 produced files named `M5290000.000`
+  (zero-stamped) because the 0C waveform record's first bytes were
+  `01 05 07 ea ...` — neither the 9-byte single-shot layout (`0x10` at byte 1)
+  nor the 10-byte continuous layout (`0x10` at bytes 0 and 2).  Investigation
+  showed this is a third format observed in the wild: an 8-byte header with no
+  marker bytes at all (`[day][month][year_BE:2][unknown][hour][min][sec]`).
+  The detection logic now scans the year (uint16 BE) at byte 2 / byte 3 / byte
+  4 and picks whichever offset returns a sensible year (2015–2050) — each
+  format has the year at a unique position so this disambiguates cleanly.
+  - New format → `event.record_type = "Waveform (Short)"`,
+    `Timestamp.from_short_record()`.
+  - Existing single-shot and continuous parsers unchanged.
+  - The user's event from May 1, 2026 13:21:37 now correctly resolves to a
+    filename like `M529LKIQ.G10` instead of `M5290000.000`.
+
+### Added
+
+- `Timestamp.from_short_record(data)` — decodes the 8-byte header.
+- `_detect_record_format(data)` — internal helper returning
+  `"single_shot" / "continuous" / "short" / None` via year-position scan.
+
+---
+
+## v0.13.1 — 2026-05-01
+
+### Fixed
+
+- **`_extract_record_type` — Continuous-mode record headers misclassified as Unknown.**
+  In single-shot mode the 0C waveform record's 9-byte header puts the sub_code
+  marker `0x10` at byte 1, with the day at byte 0.  In Continuous mode the
+  header is 10 bytes with the marker at byte 0 *and* byte 2, and the day at
+  byte 1.  Previous logic only inspected byte 1 and treated any value other
+  than `0x10` / `0x03` as `"Unknown"`, which prevented `event.timestamp` from
+  being populated for any continuous-mode event whose day-of-month wasn't
+  exactly 3 or 16.  As a downstream effect, `blastware_filename()` saw
+  `event.timestamp == None`, fell back to `stem="0000"` / `ab="00"`, and
+  produced filenames like `M5290000.000`.  Discovered from a live SFM run on
+  BE11529 in continuous mode (day-of-month = 5).
+  Now disambiguates by checking BOTH byte 0 and byte 2: if both are `0x10`,
+  it's the 10-byte continuous header; else if byte 1 is `0x10`, it's the
+  9-byte single-shot header.  Day-of-month no longer matters.
+
+  *Superseded by v0.13.2 — the user's actual record uses a third 8-byte format
+  with no `0x10` markers, which v0.13.1 still misclassified.*
+
+---
+
+## v0.13.0 — 2026-05-01
+
+### Fixed
+
+- **SUB 5A bulk waveform stream — over-read bug for events ≥ 2 sec.**
+  `read_bulk_waveform_stream` was walking the chunk counter past the actual
+  end of the event, picking up post-event circular-buffer garbage that
+  corrupted reconstructed Blastware files for any waveform > ~1 sec.  The
+  loop now extracts the event's `end_offset` from the STRT record at
+  `data[23:27]` of the probe response and stops the chunk walk when the next
+  counter would step past it.  Verified against three BW MITM captures
+  (4-27-26 + 5-1-26): 2-sec event drops from 37 over-read chunks to 7
+  bounded chunks; 3-sec drops to 9; non-zero-start "event 2" drops to 9.
+
+### Added
+
+- `framing.bulk_waveform_term_v2(key4, end_offset, last_chunk_counter)` —
+  computes the corrected SUB 5A TERM frame's `(offset_word, params)` per the
+  formula confirmed across all 3 BW captures.  Not yet wired into
+  `read_bulk_waveform_stream` (the legacy TERM is still used to preserve the
+  existing `blastware_file.write_blastware_file` frame-structure expectations);
+  available for the next iteration that switches to BW's 0x0200 chunk step.
+- `framing.parse_strt_end_offset(a5_data)` — extracts the event-end pointer
+  from the STRT record in an A5 response payload.
+
+### Documentation
+
+- **CLAUDE.md and `docs/instantel_protocol_reference.md` extensively
+  rewritten** to reflect the corrected SUB 5A protocol.  See:
+  - CLAUDE.md "SUB 5A — chunk counter formula (REWRITTEN 2026-05-01)"
+  - CLAUDE.md "SUB 5A — STRT record encodes end_offset"
+  - CLAUDE.md "SUB 5A — TERM frame formula"
+  - CLAUDE.md "SUB 5A — fixed metadata pages 0x1002 and 0x1004"
+  - CLAUDE.md "SUB 0A — WAVEHDR response length distinguishes events from
+    boundaries" (0x46 = real event, 0x2C = boundary marker)
+  - protocol reference §7.8.5 / §7.8.6 / §7.8.7 / §7.8.8
+- The previous chunk-counter formula (`max(key4[2:4], 0x0400) + (chunk-1) *
+  0x0400`) is now marked DEPRECATED and explicitly tagged WRONG with
+  pointers to the new sections, so future work doesn't re-derive it.
+
+### Known minor diffs vs Blastware (deferred to a follow-up)
+
+- We still use the OLD 0x0400 chunk step rather than BW's 0x0200; switching
+  also requires updating `blastware_file.write_blastware_file`'s skip values
+  and "extra chunk after metadata" logic, which depends on a fresh capture
+  to verify.
+- We still use the legacy fixed `offset_word=0x005A` TERM frame rather than
+  BW's `end_offset - next_boundary` formula, for the same reason.
+- Two fixed metadata pages at counter `0x1002` and `0x1004` are not yet
+  read explicitly; under the current 0x0400 walk their content is reachable
+  via the sample chunk that covers buffer addresses `[0x1000, 0x1400)`.
+
+---
+
+## v0.12.6 — 2026-05-01
+
+### Fixed
+
+- **`blastware_file.py` — waveform frame classification** — A5 frame classification for
+  waveform-only vs header-only frames now uses `frame.record_type` instead of frame index.
+  Only waveform frames (0x46) are written to the file body; metadata frames are skipped.
+  Fixes spurious data corruption from incorrectly classified frames.
+
+- **`s3_analyzer.py` — A5/5A frame naming** — Bulk waveform stream frames (SUB 5A response)
+  are now correctly labeled "A5" in analyzer output instead of being conflated with other
+  multi-frame responses (SUB A4, E5, etc.).
+
+- **`S3FrameParser` — frame terminator detection** — Corrected the bare ETX terminator
+  detection. Frame termination is now correctly identified by a standalone `ETX=0x03` byte,
+  not by the `DLE+ETX` sequence (which is part of the payload when it appears within a frame).
+
+---
+
+## v0.12.5 — 2026-04-21
+
+### Added
+
+- **`seismo_lab.py` — Download tab** — New fourth tab for live wire-byte capture during event
+  downloads. Captures both BW→device and device→S3 frames in real time, allowing inspection
+  of the 5A bulk stream chunk sequence and frame-by-frame analysis without needing a bridge
+  or MITM proxy. Files are saved with user-specified labels for easy tracking.
+
+### Changed
+
+- **`s3_bridge.py` — raw captures always-on by default** — `--raw-bw` and `--raw-s3` now
+  default to `"auto"` instead of `None`. Every bridge session automatically generates
+  timestamped `raw_bw_<ts>.bin` and `raw_s3_<ts>.bin` files alongside the `.bin`/`.log`
+  session files. Pass `--raw-bw ""` (explicit empty string) to disable if needed.
+
+- **`gui_bridge.py` — raw capture checkboxes pre-checked** — Both "BW→S3 raw" and
+  "S3→BW raw" checkboxes start checked. Path fields are empty by default (bridge auto-names
+  the files). Unchecking a box passes `--raw-bw ""` to explicitly disable capture.
+
+- **`Bridge tab` — TCP mode added** — Serial/TCP radio toggle allows connection via cellular
+  modem (RV50/RV55) instead of direct RS-232. Supports multi-capture design (simultaneous
+  Bridge + Analyzer + Download sessions).
+
+- **`ach_server.py` — TX capture added (`raw_tx_<ts>.bin`)** — Every ACH inbound session
+  now saves both directions: `raw_rx_<ts>.bin` (device → us, S3 side, as before) and
+  `raw_tx_<ts>.bin` (us → device, BW side). Both files are usable in the Analyzer.
+  TX bytes are buffered in memory until startup handshake succeeds (same as RX), preventing
+  scanner probes from creating empty files.
+
+---
+
+## v0.12.4 — 2026-04-21 (protocol analysis / docs only — no code changes)
+
+### Discovered
+
+- **compliance_raw is wire-encoded, not logical bytes** — `read_compliance_config()` returns
+  bytes that include DLE prefix bytes (`0x10`) before any `0x03` values (because S3FrameParser
+  preserves DLE+ETX inner-frame pairs as two literal bytes). The previous CLAUDE.md claim that
+  "S3FrameParser handles this transparently so compliance_raw contains logical bytes" was wrong.
+
+- **anchor-9 behavior per recording mode** (confirmed from 4-20-26 BW write captures):
+  - Single Shot (0x00) / Continuous (0x01): anchor-9 = `0x00`
+  - Histogram (0x03): anchor-9 = `0x10` — the E5 DLE prefix for the `0x03` recording_mode byte
+  - Histogram+Continuous (0x04): anchor-9 = `0x10` — an actual stored config byte for this mode
+  Anchor position shifts by ±1 when recording_mode = `0x03` due to the extra DLE byte; the
+  dynamic anchor search (`buf.find(ANCHOR, 0, 150)`) handles this correctly without code changes.
+
+- **Write frame ETX escaping** — BW escapes `0x03` bytes in write frame data as `0x10 0x03`
+  on the wire. Our `build_bw_write_frame` sends data bytes raw without ETX escaping. Device
+  accepts our raw writes for all tested modes. Hypothesis: device write parser uses the
+  offset/length field for frame boundaries, not ETX scanning, making ETX escaping optional.
+  Histogram mode (recording_mode = 0x03) write via SFM from a non-Histogram starting state
+  not yet tested.
+
+- **BW write payload vs E5 read payload are byte-identical** around the anchor region (confirmed
+  by comparing 3-11-26 BW TX and S3 captures). BW does NOT strip DLE prefix bytes before writing;
+  it round-trips the wire-encoded bytes verbatim with only the modified fields changed.
+
+- **Capture folder content catalogued** — see CLAUDE.md "BW capture reference" table for a
+  summary of all available protocol captures and their contents.
+
+---
+
+## v0.12.3 — 2026-04-20
+
+### Added
+
+- **Auto Call Home config protocol** — Full read/write/decode/encode pipeline for the
+  device's Remote Access → Setup Unit ACH settings, confirmed from 4-20-26 call home
+  settings captures.
+
+  **Protocol (new):**
+  - `SUB 0x2C` — Call Home Config READ (response `0xD3`); two-step read; data offset
+    `0x7C` = 124; raw payload 125 bytes (1-byte longer than DATA_LENGTH due to DLE-escaped
+    `\x10\x03` at raw[117:119] representing num_retries = 3)
+  - `SUB 0x7E` — Call Home Config WRITE (response `0x81`); 127-byte payload (125-byte read
+    payload + `\x00\x00`); offset = `data[1]+2 = 0x7E`; write format (DLE-aware checksum)
+  - `SUB 0x7F` — Call Home WRITE CONFIRM (response `0x80`); no data
+
+  **Field map (confirmed from 10-frame BW TX diff):**
+  - `raw[5]` — auto_call_home_enabled (bool)
+  - `raw[6:46]` — dial_string (40-byte null-padded ASCII)
+  - `raw[87]` — after_event_recorded (bool)
+  - `raw[91]` — at_specified_times (bool)
+  - `raw[93]` — time1_enabled / `raw[101]` — time1_hour / `raw[102]` — time1_min
+  - `raw[95]` — time2_enabled / `raw[105]` — time2_hour / `raw[106]` — time2_min
+  - `raw[117:119]` — `\x10\x03` (DLE-escaped 0x03 = num_retries value 3)
+  - `raw[120]` — time_between_retries_sec / `raw[122]` — wait_for_connection_sec / `raw[124]` — warm_up_time_sec
+
+  **Library (`minimateplus/`):**
+  - `models.py` — `CallHomeConfig` dataclass (14 fields; `raw` bytes preserved for
+    round-trip writes)
+  - `protocol.py` — `SUB_CALL_HOME = 0x2C`, `SUB_CALL_HOME_WRITE = 0x7E`,
+    `SUB_CALL_HOME_CONFIRM = 0x7F`; `read_call_home_config()`, `write_call_home_config()`
+  - `client.py` — `get_call_home_config()`, `set_call_home_config()`,
+    `_decode_call_home_config()` (handles DLE prefix at raw[117]),
+    `_encode_call_home_config()` (patches in-place; raises `ValueError` if hour/min = 3)
+
+  **REST API (`sfm/server.py`):**
+  - `GET /device/call_home` — reads and decodes call home config from device
+  - `POST /device/call_home` — reads, patches specified fields, writes back to device
+  - `CallHomeConfigBody` Pydantic model with 9 optional writable fields
+
+  **Web UI (`sfm/sfm_webapp.html`):**
+  - New "Call Home" tab with enable flag, dial string (read-only), after-event trigger,
+    at-specified-times flag, two time slots (enable + HH:MM each), and read-only retry
+    settings (num_retries, time_between_retries_sec, wait_for_connection_sec,
+    warm_up_time_sec)
+  - "Read from Device", "Write to Device", "Clear Form" action buttons
+  - Client-side guard: rejects hour or minute value equal to 3 with a clear message
+    explaining the DLE-encoding limitation
+
+---
+
+## v0.12.2 — 2026-04-20
+
+### Added / Fixed
+
+- **Geophone sensitivity / maximum range field confirmed** — 4-20-26 geo sensitivity
+  captures (1.25 in/s vs 10 in/s) diffed across all three SUB 71 write chunks and both
+  E5 read payloads. The `geo_range` uint8 field per channel is now fully confirmed:
+  - E5 read offset: `channel_label + 33`; SUB 71 write offset: `channel_label + 29`
+  - `0x00` = Normal 10.000 in/s (standard gain); `0x01` = Sensitive 1.250 in/s (high gain)
+  - **Correction:** previous hypothesis (`channel_label+20`, `0x01`=Normal) was wrong.
+    `channel_label+20` reads `0x01` on ALL captures regardless of range — not this field.
+  - `_decode_compliance_config_into`: read offset corrected from `tran_pos+20` → `tran_pos+33`
+  - `_encode_compliance_config`: added `geo_range` parameter; writes to Tran/Vert/Long at `+29`
+  - `apply_config`: added `geo_range` parameter
+  - `POST /device/config`: added `geo_range` to `DeviceConfigBody`
+  - Web UI Config tab: added "Maximum Range — Geo" select (Normal / Sensitive)
+  - Web UI Device tab: added "Max Range (geo)" row to compliance table
+
+- **`recording_mode` + `histogram_interval_sec` confirmed and implemented** (4-20-26 captures)
+  - `recording_mode`: uint8 at anchor−8 (E5 read) / anchor−7 (write); enum: 0x00=Single Shot,
+    0x01=Continuous, 0x03=Histogram, 0x04=Histogram+Continuous
+  - `histogram_interval_sec`: uint16 BE seconds at anchor−4; same offset in read & write;
+    valid: 2, 5, 15, 60, 300, 900 (matching Blastware dropdown: 2s, 5s, 15s, 1m, 5m, 15m)
+  - Both fields added to `ComplianceConfig`, `_decode_compliance_config_into`,
+    `_encode_compliance_config`, `apply_config`, REST API body, and web UI
+
+---
+
+## v0.12.1 — 2026-04-16
+
+### Added
+
+- **`sfm/server.py` — `_LiveCache`** — in-memory live device cache that eliminates
+  redundant TCP round-trips between web requests.  Plain Python dict +
+  `threading.Lock`, no extra dependencies.
+
+  Cache strategy per endpoint:
+
+  | Endpoint | Strategy |
+  |---|---|
+  | `GET /device/info` | Indefinite; invalidated by `POST /device/config` |
+  | `GET /device/events` | Count-probe fast path — `poll()+count_events()` (~2 s); returns cached data if event count is unchanged; full download only when new events are detected |
+  | `GET /device/monitor/status` | 30-second TTL; invalidated immediately on monitor start/stop |
+  | `GET /device/event/{idx}/waveform` | Permanent per-index (waveforms are immutable once recorded) |
+
+- **`?force=true`** query param on all cached endpoints — bypasses cache and forces
+  a fresh read from the device.
+
+- **Cache invalidation hooks** — `POST /device/config` marks device info and events
+  stale; `POST /device/monitor/start` and `/stop` evict the monitor status entry
+  immediately so the next status poll reflects the actual device state.
+
+---
+
+## v0.12.0 — 2026-04-13
+
+### Added
+
+- **`sfm/server.py` — `_LiveCache`** — in-memory live device cache, eliminating
+  redundant TCP round-trips between requests.  No extra dependencies (plain Python
+  dict + threading.Lock).  Replaces the SQLAlchemy-based `sfm/cache.py` experiment
+  from the `feature/intelligent-caching` branch.
+
+  Cache behaviour by endpoint:
+
+  | Endpoint | Cache strategy |
+  |---|---|
+  | `GET /device/info` | Indefinite; invalidated by `POST /device/config` |
+  | `GET /device/events` | Count-probe fast path: quick `poll()+count_events()` (~2s); return cache if count matches; full download only when new events detected |
+  | `GET /device/monitor/status` | 30-second TTL; invalidated by monitor start/stop |
+  | `GET /device/event/{idx}/waveform` | Permanent per-index (waveforms are immutable) |
+
+- **`?force=true` param** on all four cached endpoints — bypasses cache and re-reads
+  from device.
+
+- **`POST /device/config` cache invalidation** — marks device info + events dirty so
+  the next read reflects the new compliance config.
+
+- **`POST /device/monitor/start` / `stop` cache invalidation** — evicts the monitor
+  status cache entry immediately so the next poll returns the updated state.
+
+### Removed
+
+- `sfm/cache.py` — SQLAlchemy-based cache from the experimental caching branch.
+  Its logic has been ported to the sqlite3-native `_LiveCache` class above.
+  `sqlalchemy` is no longer a dependency.
+
+---
+
+## v0.11.0 — 2026-04-13
+
+### Added
+
+- **`sfm/database.py` — SeismoDb** — SQLite persistence layer for all ACH data.
+  Three tables, all unit-keyed by serial number:
+  - `ach_sessions` — one row per inbound call-home: serial, timestamp, peer IP,
+    events_downloaded, monitor_entries, duration_seconds
+  - `events` — one row per triggered waveform event: serial, waveform_key (dedup),
+    timestamp, Tran/Vert/Long/VectorSum/Mic PPV, project/client/operator/sensor_location
+    strings, sample_rate, record_type, false_trigger flag
+  - `monitor_log` — one row per monitoring interval: serial, waveform_key (dedup),
+    start_time, stop_time, duration_seconds, geo_threshold_ips
+  - WAL mode, per-request connections — safe for the single-writer / occasional-reader
+    ACH server pattern
+  - Deduplication by `(serial, waveform_key)` UNIQUE constraint — re-runs and repeat
+    call-homes never produce duplicate rows
+
+- **`ach_server.py` — DB integration** — after each successful call-home, writes new
+  events and monitor log entries to `seismo_relay.db` then records the session in
+  `ach_sessions`.  DB write failures are logged as warnings and do not abort the session.
+
+- **`sfm/server.py` — DB read endpoints**:
+  - `GET /db/units` — distinct serials with last_seen, total_events, total_monitor_entries
+  - `GET /db/events` — query events with serial / date range / false_trigger filters
+  - `GET /db/monitor_log` — query monitoring intervals
+  - `GET /db/sessions` — query ACH call-home sessions
+  - `PATCH /db/events/{id}/false_trigger` — flag/unflag false triggers (for review UI)
+
+### Architecture
+
+- seismo-relay DB is unit-keyed only — no project concepts.  Project aggregation is
+  terra-view's responsibility via `UnitAssignment` / `DeploymentRecord` + date range
+  queries against the SFM DB endpoints.
+- DB file lives at `bridges/captures/seismo_relay.db` by default.
+
+---
+
+## v0.10.0 — 2026-04-11
+
+### Added
+
+- **`MiniMateClient.get_monitor_log_entries(skip_keys=None)`** — browse-mode walk
+  (`1E → 0A → 1F`) that collects partial records (`0x2C` record type) from the device's
+  event list without triggering a full waveform download (no 0C or 5A).  Returns
+  `list[MonitorLogEntry]`.  Each entry represents one continuous monitoring interval where
+  no threshold was exceeded.
+
+- **`_decode_0a_partial_header(raw_data, index, key4)`** in `client.py` — decodes a SUB
+  0x0A response payload whose record type is `0x2C`.  Extracts:
+  - `start_time` / `stop_time` — two consecutive timestamps; auto-detects 9-byte
+    (sub_code=0x10, single-shot) vs 10-byte (sub_code=0x03, continuous) format from
+    `raw_data[11]`.  Handles a 1-byte gap between the two timestamps that occurs when
+    ts1 and ts2 share the same minute:second.
+  - `serial` — device serial string found via `b"BE"` anchor scan.
+  - `geo_threshold_ips` — trigger level found via `b"Geo: "` anchor scan.
+
+- **`MonitorLogEntry` dataclass** in `models.py` — new model for partial records:
+  `index`, `key`, `start_time`, `stop_time`, `serial`, `geo_threshold_ips`,
+  `raw_header`, and a `duration_seconds` property.
+
+- **`read_waveform_header()` return value extended** — now returns `(data_rsp.data, length)`
+  (full payload) instead of `(data_rsp.data[11:11+length], length)`.  Callers get the
+  complete payload including the record-type byte at position 0.  Full records use
+  `raw_data[11:11+length]` as before; partial records are detected by `raw_data[0] == 0x2C`.
+
+- **ACH server: monitor log collection** — after `get_events()`, calls
+  `get_monitor_log_entries(skip_keys=seen_keys)` and saves new entries to
+  `monitor_log.json` in the session directory.  Monitor log keys are included in
+  `downloaded_keys` for state persistence (no re-processing on next call-home).
+
+- **`_monitor_log_entry_to_dict()`** in `ach_server.py` — serialises a `MonitorLogEntry`
+  to a JSON-compatible dict with ISO-format timestamps.
+
+### Protocol / Documentation
+
+- **SUB 0x0A partial record (0x2C) format confirmed** (✅ 4-11-26 MITM capture, 12 frames):
+  - Record type `0x2C` at `raw_data[0]`; length < 64 bytes.
+  - Two timestamps at `raw_data[11:]` — start and stop of the monitoring interval.
+  - ASCII metadata region after timestamps: `BE<serial>\x00Geo: <float> in/s`.
+  - Edge case: 1-byte separator between timestamps when ts1 and ts2 share minute:second.
+  - 10-byte timestamp format (sub_code=0x03) signalled by `raw_data[11] == 0x10`.
+
+- **Key reuse detection for monitor log entries** — monitor log keys are tracked alongside
+  event keys in `ach_state.json` so the ACH server does not re-process them after a
+  call-home cycle.
+
+---
+
+## v0.9.0 — 2026-04-11
+
+### Added
+
+- **`MiniMateClient.list_event_keys()`** — fast browse-mode walk (1E → 0A → 1F, no waveform
+  download) that returns the list of event key hex strings currently stored on the device.
+  Used by the ACH server as a cheap pre-check before deciding whether to call `get_events()`.
+
+- **`get_events(skip_waveform_for_keys=set(...))`** — new optional parameter.  For any key in
+  the set the function performs only 0A + 1F(browse) instead of the full
+  1E-arm → 0C → POLL×3 → 5A sequence.  Eliminates redundant waveform downloads on repeat
+  call-homes when the device still holds previously downloaded events.
+
+- **`MiniMateClient.delete_all_events()`** — erases all events from device memory using the
+  confirmed 4-step sequence:
+  - SUB 0xA3 `begin_erase_all` — initiate erase (token=0xFE) → ack 0x5C
+  - SUB 0x1C `read_monitor_status` — intermediate status read (Blastware-required)
+  - SUB 0x06 `read_event_storage_range` — verify storage state (token=0xFE) → 36-byte response
+  - SUB 0xA2 `confirm_erase_all` — commit erase (token=0xFE) → ack 0x5D
+
+  All four steps confirmed from 4-11-26 MITM capture of a live Blastware ACH session.
+  After a successful call, the device's event counter resets to `0x01110000`.
+
+- **`MiniMateProtocol` erase methods**: `begin_erase_all()`, `confirm_erase_all()`,
+  `read_event_storage_range()` added to `protocol.py` with documented SUB constants
+  `SUB_ERASE_ALL_BEGIN = 0xA3` and `SUB_ERASE_ALL_CONFIRM = 0xA2`.
+
+- **`bridges/ach_mitm.py`** — transparent TCP-to-TCP MITM proxy.  Listens for inbound unit
+  connections, connects upstream to a real Blastware ACH server, and saves both directions
+  to `raw_bw_<ts>.bin` / `raw_s3_<ts>.bin` files matching the existing capture format.
+  Used to capture the 4-11-26 Blastware ACH session including event deletion.
+  Usage: `python bridges/ach_mitm.py --bw-host 127.0.0.1 --bw-port 9999 --listen-port 9998`
+
+- **ACH server: key-based state tracking** — `ach_state.json` now stores
+  `downloaded_keys: [hex_strings]` and `max_downloaded_key: hex_string` per unit instead of
+  `event_count: N`.  This correctly handles the standard workflow where events are deleted
+  from the device after upload — a count-based approach would see `count=0` on the next
+  call-home and silently skip new events.
+
+- **ACH server: `--clear-after-download` flag** — after a successful download (at least one
+  new event saved), erases all events from the device using `delete_all_events()`.  Mirrors
+  the standard Blastware ACH workflow.  On success, `downloaded_keys` and
+  `max_downloaded_key` are reset to empty so the next session starts fresh.
+
+- **ACH server: post-erase key-reuse detection** — after an external erase (Blastware or
+  manual), device keys restart from `0x01110000`, colliding with previously downloaded keys.
+  On each browse walk, if `max(device_keys) < max_downloaded_key` (device counter rolled
+  back), all device keys are treated as new regardless of `seen_keys`.  This also catches
+  erases performed by Blastware between our sessions.
+
+### Protocol / Documentation
+
+- **SUB 0xA3 / SUB 0xA2 — erase-all sequence confirmed** (✅ 4-11-26 MITM capture):
+  Both frames use `token=0xFE` at `params[7]` and are standard `build_bw_frame` requests
+  (not write-format).  Response SUBs follow the standard formula: 0x5C and 0x5D.
+  The intermediate 0x1C + 0x06 reads between them are required by Blastware.
+
+- **SUB 0x06 — event storage range read confirmed** (✅ 4-11-26 MITM capture):
+  Two-step read, data offset = 0x24 (36 bytes).  The last 8 bytes of the response contain
+  the first and last stored event keys (4 bytes each).  After a successful erase, both keys
+  read as `01110000` (device-empty state).
+
+- **Event key counter resets to `0x01110000` after erase** — confirmed by observing key
+  `01110000` on the device immediately after the MITM erase session.
+
+---
+
+## v0.8.0 — 2026-04-07
+
+### Added
+
+- **Write pipeline end-to-end** — `push_config_raw(event_index_data, compliance_data,
+  trigger_data, waveform_data)` on `MiniMateClient` orchestrates the full
+  `68→73 | 71×3→72 | 82→83 | 69→74→72` write sequence.
+
+- **`build_bw_write_frame(sub, data, *, offset, params)`** in `framing.py` — dedicated frame
+  builder for write commands (SUBs 0x68–0x83).  Doubles only the BW_CMD byte; all other
+  bytes including offset, params, data, and checksum are written raw.  Uses the large-frame
+  DLE-aware checksum (`sum(b for b in payload[2:] if b != 0x10) + 0x10) & 0xFF`).
+
+- **`MiniMateProtocol` write methods** — `write_event_index()`, `write_compliance()`,
+  `write_trigger_config()`, `write_waveform_data()`, `write_confirm()`,
+  `start_monitoring()`, `stop_monitoring()`.
+
+- **`AchSession` inbound server** (`bridges/ach_server.py`) — accepts call-home TCP
+  connections, runs the full handshake + device-info + event-download sequence, saves
+  `device_info.json` + `events.json` per session.
+
+### Protocol / Documentation
+
+- **Write frame format confirmed** (✅ 3-11-26 BW TX capture, all 11 frames): only BW_CMD
+  byte `0x10` is doubled; all other bytes sent raw.  Standard `build_bw_frame` DLE-stuffing
+  is incorrect for write commands.
+- **Write ack responses** confirmed as 17-byte zero-data S3 frames.
+- **Monitoring SUBs 0x96/0x97** confirmed from 4-8-26 capture.
+- **SESSION_RESET signal** (`41 03`) required before POLL for monitoring units.
+- **SUB 0x1C monitoring flag** at `section[1]`: `0x00` = idle, `0x10` = monitoring.
+  Confirmed by byte-diff of all 144 data frames in 4-8-26/2ndtry capture.
+
+---
+
 ## v0.7.0 — 2026-04-03
 
 ### Added

CLAUDE.md

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 Ground-up Python replacement for **Blastware**, Instantel's Windows-only software for
 managing MiniMate Plus seismographs. Connects over direct RS-232 or cellular modem
-(Sierra Wireless RV50 / RV55). Current version: **v0.8.0**.
+(Sierra Wireless RV50 / RV55). Current version: **v0.14.3**.
+
+When new information about the protocol is discovered, please update the instantel_protocol_reference.md with the findings in addition to this document
 
 ---
 
@@ -25,9 +27,9 @@ CHANGELOG.md          ← version history
 
 ---
 
-## Current implementation state (v0.8.0)
+## Current implementation state (v0.14.3)
 
-Full read pipeline + write pipeline working end-to-end over TCP/cellular:
+Full read pipeline + write pipeline + erase pipeline + monitor log + call home config working end-to-end over TCP/cellular:
 
 | Step | SUB | Status |
 |---|---|---|
@@ -39,14 +41,20 @@ Full read pipeline + write pipeline working end-to-end over TCP/cellular:
 | Event header / first key | 1E | ✅ |
 | Waveform header | 0A | ✅ |
 | Waveform record (peaks, timestamp, project) | 0C | ✅ |
-| **Bulk waveform stream (event-time metadata)** | **5A** | ✅ new v0.6.0 |
+| **Bulk waveform stream (event-time metadata + full waveform)** | **5A** | ✅ **byte-perfect against BW captures (v0.14.3, 2026-05-05)** — STRT-bounded chunk walk + correct event-N probe counter + DLE-stuffed `0x10` bytes in params + concatenate-only file body assembly. All 17 5A request frames in the 5-1-26 3-sec capture reproduce byte-for-byte. |
 | Event advance / next key | 1F | ✅ |
-| **Write commands (push config to device)** | **68–83** | ✅ **new v0.8.0** |
+| **Write commands (push config to device)** | **68–83** | ✅ new v0.8.0 |
+| **Erase all events** | **0xA3 → 0x1C → 0x06 → 0xA2** | ✅ new v0.9.0 |
+| **Monitor log entries (partial 0x2C records)** | **0A browse** | ✅ new v0.10.0 |
+| **Auto Call Home config (read + write)** | **2C → 7E → 7F** | ✅ **new v0.12.3** |
 
-`get_events()` sequence per event: `1E → 0A → 0C → 5A → 1F`
+`get_events()` sequence per event: `1E → 0A → 1E(arm token=0xFE) → 0C → 1F(arm) → POLL×3 → 5A → 1F(browse)`
+(see "Correct iteration pattern" section below for full detail)
 
 `push_config_raw()` write sequence: `68→73 | 71×3→72 | 82→83 | 69→74→72`
 
+`delete_all_events()` erase sequence: `0xA3 → 0x1C → 0x06 → 0xA2`
+
 ---
 
 ## Protocol fundamentals
@@ -108,24 +116,203 @@ S3→BW (response):
    section contribute only `XX` to the running sum; lone bytes contribute normally. This
    differs from the standard SUM8-of-destuffed-payload that all other commands use.
 
-Both differences confirmed by reproducing Blastware's exact wire bytes from the 1-2-26
-BW TX capture. All 10 frames verified.
+3. **Params region uses partial DLE stuffing (CONFIRMED 2026-05-05).** The device's
+   de-stuffing rule for bytes inside the params region is:
 
-### SUB 5A — chunk counter is monotonic (CORRECTED 2026-04-06)
+     - `10 10`             → de-stuffs to `10`
+     - `10 02 / 03 / 04`   → kept literal (these are inner-frame markers)
+     - `10 X` for other X  → de-stuffs to just `X`  (drops the leading `0x10`)
 
-**Chunk counters are `chunk_num * 0x0400` for ALL chunks including chunk 1.**
+   Therefore any `0x10` byte in the *logical* params that is followed by a byte NOT in
+   `{0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x10}` MUST be doubled on the wire (`10 X` → `10 10 X`) so the
+   device's de-stuffer reproduces the original `10 X` pair.  This applies most commonly
+   to counters with `0x10` in the high byte (e.g. counter=`0x1000` produces logical
+   params bytes `... 10 00 ...`, which BW encodes on the wire as `... 10 10 00 ...`).
+   Without this stuffing the device interprets counter=`0x1000` as `0x0000` and returns
+   the probe response (which contains a copy of the file header + STRT record).  That
+   STRT block then gets embedded in the assembled file body at offset `0x1016`, and
+   Blastware refuses to open the file — see the v0.14.3 entry in `CHANGELOG.md`.
 
-The 4-2-26 BW TX capture showed `counter=0x1004` for chunk 1 of event key `01110000`, which
-led to `_CHUNK1_COUNTER = 0x1004` being hardcoded as a special case. This was a Blastware
-artifact, not a protocol requirement. Empirical test 2026-04-06: with `counter=0x1004` for
-chunk 1 the device times out (120 s); with `counter=0x0400` (= `1 * 0x0400`) it responds
-immediately and streams all frames correctly.
+   `0x10` bytes in `offset_hi` (body[5]) are still written RAW — only the params region
+   has this stuffing requirement.  The metadata-page params for counter `0x1002` /
+   `0x1004` survive without stuffing because `10 02` and `10 04` fall in the "kept
+   literal" carve-out.
 
-The 4-3-26 capture confirms the pattern for a second event (key `0111245a`):
-chunk 1 = `0x245A`, chunk 2 = `0x285A`, chunk 3 = `0x2C5A` (each +0x0400). Blastware's
-true formula is `key4[2:4] + n * 0x0400` — but since `key4[2:4]` of the first event is
-`0x0000`, `n * 0x0400` produces the right result. The device does not strictly validate the
-counter and streams data for any valid 5A request; using `chunk_num * 0x0400` is correct.
+Both differences (1) and (2) confirmed by reproducing Blastware's exact wire bytes from
+the 1-2-26 BW TX capture (10 frames).  Difference (3) confirmed against the 5-1-26
+"bwcap3sec" capture (17 frames, all match byte-for-byte after fix).
+
+### SUB 5A — chunk counter formula (REWRITTEN 2026-05-01 — see 5-1-26 captures)
+
+> ⚠️ **Everything that came before this rewrite was WRONG in important ways.** The previous
+> formula `max(key4[2:4], 0x0400) + (chunk_num - 1) * 0x0400` happened to *work* for events
+> at start_key=0 because the device responds to whatever counter you ask for — but it caused
+> a 5× over-read past the actual event, picking up post-event circular-buffer garbage that
+> corrupts the reconstructed file for any event > ~1 sec of waveform.  The captures in
+> `bridges/captures/4-27-26/` and `5-1-26/comcheck/` show BW reads only ~12-16 chunks for
+> the same events SFM was reading 37+ chunks for.  See "TERM frame" and "STRT end_offset"
+> sections below for the actual mechanism.
+
+**Chunk addressing is just absolute device-buffer addresses.**
+
+`params[0]=0x00`, `params[1:5]` is a 4-byte absolute device flash-buffer address (= the
+"key" of that location), `params[5:11]` are zeros.  The device returns 0x0200 (= 512) bytes
+starting at that address.  Increments between consecutive chunks are **0x0200 (NOT 0x0400)**
+— this matches the chunk payload size.  The previous "0x0400 step" worked by accident: BW
+asks for half-size chunks; SFM was asking for double-size chunks, both with the same-named
+"counter" field, but the value is just an address pointer the device honors as-is.
+
+**The chunk pattern depends on whether the event sits at start_key=0 or not.**
+
+#### Event 1 case — start_key[2:4] == 0x0000 (first event after erase / wrap)
+
+```
+1.  Probe at counter=0x0000           (params[1:5] = full key, returns STRT record)
+2.  Read 2 fixed metadata pages:      counter=0x1002, counter=0x1004
+                                       (these are GLOBAL session metadata — read ONCE per
+                                        Blastware session, not per event; contain the
+                                        Project/Client/User Name/Seis Loc strings)
+3.  Sample chunks:                    counter=0x0600, 0x0800, …, by 0x0200 increment,
+                                       up to but not including end_offset (rounded down to
+                                       0x0200 boundary)
+4.  TERM frame                         (see TERM formula below)
+```
+
+The reason `0x0046..0x0600` is skipped for event 1 is unknown — likely some pre-event
+firmware reserved area for the first slot in a freshly-erased buffer.  Harmless to skip.
+
+#### Event 2+ case — start_key[2:4] != 0x0000 (continuation events)
+
+```
+1.  First chunk at counter = start_key[2:4]              (this IS the probe — response
+                                                          contains STRT at byte 17)
+2.  Sample chunks:                                       counter += 0x0200 each, up to but
+                                                          not including end_offset
+3.  TERM frame
+```
+
+**`start_key` here is the off=0x46 WAVEHDR record key returned by 1F** (e.g. `01112238`),
+NOT the off=0x2C boundary key that immediately precedes it.  An earlier draft of this
+doc described event-N as "probe at start + 0x46" — that formula came from naming the
+boundary key as `start_key`.  In the iteration walk, `cur_key` passed to
+`read_bulk_waveform_stream` is always the off=0x46 key (the partial-record skip path in
+`get_events` re-runs 1F to advance past boundary records before invoking 5A), so the
+probe counter is just `cur_key[2:4]` with no extra offset.  **Adding +0x46 caused the
+probe to overshoot, miss the STRT record at byte 17 of the response, fall back to the
+`max_chunks=128` cap, and walk ~110 chunks of post-event garbage** — observed in
+SFM 5-4-26 capture before the fix.
+
+Confirmed across:
+- 5-1-26 "copy 2nd address" BW capture: probe counter=0x2238, key=01112238, STRT@17 end=0x417E.
+- 5-4-26 BW 2-sec event capture: probe counter=0x2238, key=01112238, TERM offset_word=0x0146 → end=0x417E.
+
+No metadata pages — those have already been read during event 1 in the same Blastware
+session, and BW caches them.  Note that the metadata-page reads happen ONCE per
+Blastware-session-on-the-device, not once per event, so an SFM session that downloads
+several events should read 0x1002/0x1004 only once at the start.
+
+#### History (do not re-derive)
+
+- Original: `_CHUNK1_COUNTER = 0x1004` hardcoded (Blastware capture artifact — WRONG).
+- 2026-04-06: `chunk_num * 0x0400` (worked for key 01110000 only).
+- 2026-04-24: `key4[2:4] + (chunk_num-1) * 0x0400` (fixed non-zero offsets, broke key 01110000).
+- 2026-04-26: `max(key4[2:4], 0x0400) + (chunk_num-1) * 0x0400` (broken — over-read past event end).
+- 2026-05-01: Increments are 0x0200 not 0x0400; absolute addresses inside event range; bounded
+  by STRT end_key, not by `max_chunks` cap or device-side timeout.
+- 2026-05-04: Removed spurious `+0x0046` from event-N probe counter.  `cur_key` from 1F
+  is already the off=0x46 WAVEHDR key, so adding +0x46 would have placed the probe one
+  WAVEHDR past the actual event start.  This caused probe responses to lack a STRT
+  record (no `end_offset` parsed → `0xFFFF` fallback → `max_chunks=128` cap), walking
+  ~110 chunks of post-event circular-buffer garbage.  Fixed in protocol.py
+  `read_bulk_waveform_stream`.
+
+### SUB 5A — STRT record encodes end_offset (NEW 2026-05-01)
+
+The first A5 response (probe response, or the first chunk for event 2+) contains a STRT
+record at byte offset 17 of the `data` field.  Layout:
+
+```
+data[17:21]   "STRT"          magic
+data[21:23]   ff fe           sentinel
+data[23:27]   end_key          ← 4-byte key of where this event ENDS
+data[27:31]   start_key        ← 4-byte key of where this event STARTS
+data[31:33]   uint16 BE        ?? sample-count or total bytes (varies; not yet decoded)
+data[33:35]   uint16 BE        ??
+data[35]      0x46             record type (waveform full record)
+…
+```
+
+`end_offset = (end_key[2] << 8) | end_key[3]` is **the authoritative event-end pointer**.
+SFM must extract this from the first A5 response and use it to bound the chunk loop and
+encode the TERM frame.  The device will happily respond to chunk requests past `end_offset`
+(returning post-event circular-buffer contents) — that's the over-read bug.
+
+Verified across 3 events:
+
+| Capture | start_key | end_key | end_offset | event size |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 4-27-26 "open 2sec" / "copy event to disk" | `01110000` | `01111ABE` | `0x1ABE` | 6,846 B |
+| 5-1-26 "copy 3sec" / Download All event 1  | `01110000` | `011121F2` | `0x21F2` | 8,690 B |
+| 5-1-26 "copy 2nd address" / DA event 2     | `011121F2` | `0111417E` | `0x417E` (event 2 span 0x1F8C = 8,076 B) |
+
+### SUB 5A — TERM frame formula (FINALIZED 2026-05-01)
+
+The TERM frame fetches the partial last chunk *and* the file footer.  It is **not** a simple
+"goodbye" frame — its response payload contains the bytes between the last full 0x0200-aligned
+chunk and `end_offset`, and is required for reconstructing the Blastware file format.
+
+```
+last_chunk_counter = address of last full 0x0200-byte chunk read
+next_boundary      = last_chunk_counter + 0x0200
+TERM offset_word   = end_offset - next_boundary
+TERM params[0]     = key[0]                 (= 0x01 on every observed device)
+TERM params[1]     = key[1]                 (= 0x11)
+TERM params[2]     = (next_boundary >> 8) & 0xFF
+TERM params[3]     = next_boundary & 0xFF
+TERM params[4:10]  = zeros
+build_5a_frame(offset_word, params)         (10-byte params, NOT 11)
+```
+
+The device reconstructs `requested_address = (params[2] << 8) | offset_word = end_offset`
+and replies with `(end_offset - next_boundary)` bytes from `next_boundary` — the residual
+between the last 0x0200 boundary and the actual event end.  Append the TERM response data
+to the chunk stream like any other A5 frame; it carries the final waveform tail + footer.
+
+Verified across 3 events:
+
+| end_offset | last chunk | next_boundary | TERM offset_word | TERM params[2:4] |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `0x1ABE` | `0x1800` | `0x1A00` | `0x00BE` ✓ | `1A 00` ✓ |
+| `0x21F2` | `0x1E00` | `0x2000` | `0x01F2` ✓ | `20 00` ✓ |
+| `0x417E` | `0x3E38` | `0x4038` | `0x0146` ✓ | `40 38` ✓ |
+
+The previous code's hard-coded `offset_word = 0x005A` and `term_counter = last + 0x0400`
+are wrong; the device's response under that path is a tiny 101-byte device-side terminator
+(arrived only after we walked the entire post-event buffer), not the proper file footer.
+
+### SUB 5A — fixed metadata pages 0x1002 and 0x1004 (NEW 2026-05-01)
+
+Two chunk addresses are GLOBAL device/session metadata, not event-specific:
+
+- `counter=0x1002` — first metadata page
+- `counter=0x1004` — second metadata page
+
+These are at fixed absolute addresses in the device's flash buffer.  They contain the
+session-start compliance setup (Project/Client/User Name/Seis Loc/Extended Notes ASCII
+strings).  Under the v0.14.0+ walk these strings are read directly from the metadata
+pages, not from the sample-chunk stream.
+
+BW reads them ONCE per Blastware session (during event 1's download) and caches them.
+For SFM, that means:
+- Once per call-home / once per `MiniMateClient.connect()` is enough.
+- Subsequent events in the same session don't need to re-fetch them.
+- Their content does not change when iterating events; only when the user opens
+  Compliance Setup → Apply on the device or sends a SUB 71 compliance write.
+
+The full byte-for-byte layout of the metadata pages has not been mapped — `_decode_a5_metadata_into`
+locates the ASCII strings via label scans (`Project:`, `Client:`, `User Name:`, `Seis Loc:`,
+`Extended Notes`) which works correctly across observed captures.  Future work could
+dump the structural layout if more session-global fields need to be extracted.
 
 ### SUB 5A — params are 11 bytes for chunk frames, 10 for termination
 
@@ -133,10 +320,11 @@ counter and streams data for any valid 5A request; using `chunk_num * 0x0400` is
 confirmed from the BW wire capture. `bulk_waveform_term_params()` returns 10 bytes.
 Do not swap them.
 
-### SUB 5A — event-time metadata lives in A5 frame 7
+### SUB 5A — event-time metadata source (FINALIZED 2026-05-05)
 
-The bulk stream sends 9+ A5 response frames. Frame 7 (0-indexed) contains the compliance
-setup as it existed when the event was recorded:
+The metadata strings come from the two fixed metadata pages at counter `0x1002` and
+`0x1004` (see "SUB 5A — fixed metadata pages 0x1002 and 0x1004" above).  These pages
+are GLOBAL session metadata — read once per Blastware/SFM session, not per event.
 
 ```
 "Project:"      → project description
@@ -146,44 +334,71 @@ setup as it existed when the event was recorded:
 "Extended Notes"→ notes
 ```
 
-**IMPORTANT — 5A "Project:" is session-start config, NOT per-event (confirmed 2026-04-05):**
-The "Project:" string in the A5 frame 7 payload reflects the compliance setup from when
-the *monitoring session first started*, not the individual event's project name.  The per-
-event project name is correctly stored in the 210-byte 0C waveform record and must be
-used as the authoritative source.  `_decode_a5_metadata_into` therefore only sets
-`project` from 5A when 0C didn't already supply one.
+**IMPORTANT — these strings are session-start config, NOT per-event:**
+Project / Client / User Name / Seis Loc reflect the compliance setup from when the
+*monitoring session first started*, not the individual event's per-event metadata.  The
+authoritative per-event project name is stored in the 210-byte 0C waveform record.
+`_decode_a5_metadata_into` therefore only sets `project` from the 5A metadata pages
+when 0C didn't already supply one.
 
 "Client:", "User Name:", "Seis Loc:", and "Extended Notes" are **NOT** present in the 0C
-record — 5A remains the sole source for those fields and they are set unconditionally.
+record — the metadata pages are the sole source for those fields and they are set
+unconditionally.
 
-`stop_after_metadata=True` (default) stops the 5A loop as soon as `b"Project:"` appears,
-then sends the termination frame.
+#### Deprecated knobs (do not re-introduce)
 
-### SUB 5A — end-of-stream signal (confirmed 2026-04-06)
+The `read_bulk_waveform_stream()` function still accepts these legacy kwargs for
+backward compatibility, but they are **no-ops** under the v0.14.0+ walk:
 
-After streaming all waveform chunks, the device sends exactly **1 raw byte** in response to
-the next chunk request, then goes silent. This is the natural end-of-stream indicator — NOT
-a complete A5 frame. `S3FrameParser.bytes_fed` will be 1; no frame is assembled.
+- `stop_after_metadata=True` — used to scan the chunk stream for `b"Project:"` and stop
+  one chunk later as a workaround for the missing end_offset bound.  Obsolete: the loop
+  is now deterministically bounded by `end_offset` parsed from the STRT record at
+  data[17] of the probe response, with the partial tail fetched by the TERM frame.
+- `extra_chunks_after_metadata` — same era, same reason.  No-op.
 
-Handling: on `TimeoutError`, if `bytes_fed > 0` AND frames were already collected, treat as
-graceful end-of-stream, break the loop, and proceed to the termination frame. If `bytes_fed
-== 0` with no prior frames, it is a genuine transport failure — re-raise.
+If you find code or docs referencing "A5 frame 7" as the source of metadata strings,
+that's an old-walk artifact (the broken `0x0400`-step formula occasionally caught the
+0x1002 metadata page at sample-chunk fi=7).  Update to reference the dedicated metadata
+pages instead.
 
-**Chunk recv timeout must be 10 s, not the default 120 s.** Chunks arrive within ~1 s each.
-Using 120 s causes a ~2-minute stall at every end-of-stream detection. The `_recv_one` call
-in the chunk loop passes `timeout=10.0` explicitly.
+### SUB 5A — end-of-stream (FINALIZED 2026-05-01)
 
-**Typical chunk count (BE11529, 1024 sps):** A 9,306-sample event produces 35 chunks before
-end-of-stream. Chunks with uniform 1,036-byte data are all-zero ADC samples (post-event
-silence). Only the initial variable-size chunks contain actual signal.
+Under the v0.14.0+ STRT-bounded walk the stream ends cleanly:
+
+```
+… last full chunk at counter < end_offset
+TERM request   (offset_word = end_offset - next_boundary,
+                params address (next_boundary))
+TERM response  (page_key = 0x0000 or 0x0001, data = the residual
+                end_offset - next_boundary bytes including the file footer)
+```
+
+No timeout-based detection, no "1-byte teaser," no `max_chunks` cap.  The chunk loop
+exits when `counter + 0x0200 > end_offset`; the TERM frame fetches the tail.
+
+**Chunk recv timeout is 10 s, not the default 120 s.** Chunks arrive within ~1 s each.
+Using 120 s would cause a ~2-minute stall on any unexpected timeout.  The `_recv_one`
+call in the chunk loop passes `timeout=10.0` explicitly.
+
+**Typical chunk count under the v0.14.0+ walk (BE11529, 1024 sps over TCP/cellular):**
+
+| Event duration | Sample chunks | Metadata pages | TERM | Total A5 frames |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 2-sec (event 1) | ~12 | 2 | 1 | ~15 |
+| 3-sec (event 1) | 13 | 2 | 1 | 16 |
+| 2-sec (continuation) | 15 | 0 | 1 | 16 |
+| 3-sec (continuation) | ~14 | 0 | 1 | ~15 |
+
+For comparison, the deprecated `0x0400`-step walk produced ~37 chunks for a 2-sec
+event with chunks 17-37 containing post-event circular-buffer garbage.  Do not
+re-introduce that walk under any circumstances.
 
 ### SUB 5A — fi==9 hardcoded skip (FIXED 2026-04-06)
 
 `_decode_a5_waveform()` previously had `elif fi == 9: continue` — a leftover from the
-9-frame original blast capture where frame 9 was assumed to be a terminator. For current
-35-frame streams, fi==9 is live waveform data (~133 sample-sets were being dropped).
-Removed. Terminator detection is via `page_key == 0x0000` in `read_bulk_waveform_stream`,
-not frame index.
+9-frame original blast capture where frame 9 was assumed to be a terminator. Removed.
+TERM detection in the file builder uses `frame.page_key != 0x0010` (sample marker),
+not frame index — see `blastware_file.py`.
 
 ### SUB 1E / 1F — event iteration null sentinel and token position (FIXED, do not re-introduce)
 
@@ -288,6 +503,55 @@ sends token=0xFE and is NOT used by any caller.
 `advance_event()` returns `(key4, event_data8)`.
 Callers (`count_events`, `get_events`) loop while `data8[4:8] != b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"`.
 
+### SUB 0A — WAVEHDR response length distinguishes events from boundaries (NEW 2026-05-01)
+
+When iterating events with the "Download All" pattern (1E → 0A → 1F → 0A → 1F → …), the
+DATA_LENGTH at `data_rsp.data[5]` (= the byte BW echoes back as the offset for the data
+fetch step) takes one of two values:
+
+| WAVEHDR offset | Meaning |
+|---|---|
+| `0x46` (= 70) | Real event start key — there is event data at this address |
+| `0x2C` (= 44) | Boundary marker between events — this key is the END of the previous event AND the START key for the empty space after it (or is the next event's pre-header) |
+
+Confirmed from the 5-1-26 "Download All" capture:
+
+```
+0A(key=01110000) → off=0x46    ← event 1 real start
+1F → key=011121F2
+0A(key=011121F2) → off=0x2C    ← event 1 END / event 2 boundary
+1F → key=01112238
+0A(key=01112238) → off=0x46    ← event 2 real start  (= boundary + 0x46)
+1F → key=0111417E
+0A(key=0111417E) → off=0x2C    ← event 2 END / next-empty marker
+1F → null sentinel
+```
+
+This is why event 2's first 5A chunk is at `start_key + 0x46` — that's the address of the
+"real start" 0x46-record, distinct from the `0x2C`-record at the raw boundary.  Use the
+`0x46` keys as the input to `read_bulk_waveform_stream`, not the `0x2C` keys.
+
+For event 1 only (start_key[2:4] = 0x0000) BW probes at counter=0x0000 directly, which is
+the `0x46`-keyed start record.  Subsequent events use `start_key + 0x46`.
+
+**Practical iteration pattern (replaces the old 1E/1F walk for downloads):**
+
+```
+Setup:     SERIAL × 2 → CHCFG → 1E (token=0x00) → key0
+For each event:
+    0A(cur_key)           → DATA_LENGTH = 0x46 (real) or 0x2C (boundary)
+    1F (token=0x00)       → next_key
+    if length was 0x46:    → cur_key is a real event; queue it for download
+    cur_key = next_key
+    if next_key all-zero null sentinel: stop
+
+Then for each queued real-event key:
+    download_event(key)    → 5A bulk stream with STRT-bounded chunk walk
+```
+
+This is what BW does in the 5-1-26 "Download All" capture — it walks the full event chain
+collecting `(key, length)` tuples first, *then* downloads each event using the `0x46` keys.
+
 ### SUB 1A — compliance config — orphaned send bug (FIXED, do not re-introduce)
 
 `read_compliance_config()` sends a 4-frame sequence (A, B, C, D) where:
@@ -301,10 +565,16 @@ producing only ~1071 bytes instead of ~2126.
 
 ### SUB 1A — anchor search range
 
-`_decode_compliance_config_into()` locates sample_rate and record_time via the anchor
-`b'\x01\x2c\x00\x00\xbe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00'`. Search range is `cfg[0:150]`.
+`_decode_compliance_config_into()` locates fields via the **6-byte stable anchor**
+`b'\xbe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00'`. Search range is `cfg[0:150]`.
 
-Do not narrow this to `cfg[40:100]` — the old range was only accidentally correct because
+**IMPORTANT — the "10-byte anchor" `\x01\x2c\x00\x00\xbe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00` is NOT fully constant.**
+The first 2 bytes (`\x01\x2c` = 300) are the `histogram_interval_sec` field (uint16 BE, seconds) —
+the value 300 is just the 5-minute default. When histogram interval is set to a different value
+(e.g. 15min = 0x0384 = `\x03\x84`), those bytes change. Only the 6-byte suffix
+`\xbe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00` is truly constant. The code already uses the 6-byte anchor.
+
+Do not narrow the search range to `cfg[40:100]` — the old range was only accidentally correct because
 the orphaned-send bug was prepending a 44-byte spurious header, pushing the anchor from
 its real position (cfg[11]) into the 40–100 window.
 
@@ -354,15 +624,72 @@ Do NOT use fixed absolute offsets for sample_rate or record_time.
 
 | Field | How to find it |
 |---|---|
+| **recording_mode** | **uint8 at anchor − 3 (write) / anchor − 4 (read)** ✅ confirmed 2026-04-20 |
 | sample_rate | uint16 BE at anchor − 2 |
+| **histogram_interval_sec** | **uint16 BE at anchor − 4 (seconds); same offset in read & write** ✅ confirmed 2026-04-20 |
 | record_time | float32 BE at anchor + 10 |
 | trigger_level_geo | float32 BE, located in channel block |
 | alarm_level_geo | float32 BE, adjacent to trigger_level_geo |
-| max_range_geo | float32 BE, adjacent to alarm_level_geo |
+| geo_hardware_constant (adc_scale_factor) | float32 BE at **channel_label+28** in both read (E5) and write (SUB 71) payloads — reads **6.206053** on BOTH tested units (BE11529 and BE18189); identical across all geo channels (Tran/Vert/Long) and all captures. **Confirmed 2026-04-17 from Interface Handbook §4.5**: this is the **ADC-to-velocity scale factor** = 1/sensitivity = (in/s per V). Firmware uses it as: `PPV (in/s) = ADC_voltage × 6.206053`. Cross-check: `1.61133 V (ADC full-scale) × 6.206053 = 10.000 in/s` (Normal range ✅). Do NOT write this field — it is a hardware/firmware constant. |
+| geo_range (sensitivity selector) | **uint8 at channel_label+33** in both read (E5) and write (SUB 71) payloads — **CONFIRMED 2026-04-20** from 4-20-26 geo sensitivity captures: `0x00` = Normal 10.000 in/s (standard gain), `0x01` = Sensitive 1.250 in/s (high gain). Present in all three geo channel blocks (Tran, Vert, Long). **NOTE: `channel_label+20` reads `0x01` on ALL captures regardless of range setting — it is NOT this field.** Note: the "SUB 71 write offset = +29" that appears in earlier analysis was an artifact of incorrect BW-style destuffing applied to write frame data — write frame data is RAW, so the literal `0x10` bytes in the channel block header are preserved, and the offset is the same as in the E5 read payload. |
 | setup_name | ASCII, null-padded, in cfg body |
 | project / client / operator / sensor_location | ASCII, label-value pairs |
 
-Anchor: `b'\x01\x2c\x00\x00\xbe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00'`, search `cfg[0:150]`
+**True stable anchor: `b'\xbe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00'` (6-byte suffix), search `cfg[0:150]`.**
+The old "10-byte anchor" `b'\x01\x2c\x00\x00\xbe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00'` is partially variable:
+bytes `\x01\x2c` = 300 (5-minute default histogram interval); changes when interval changes.
+
+**Field layout relative to the 6-byte anchor (write payload / E5 read — noted where different):**
+
+| Offset | Field | Format | Notes |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| anchor − 9 | mode_prefix | uint8 | `0x00` for Single Shot / Continuous; `0x10` for Histogram (DLE prefix in E5 encoding) and Histogram+Continuous (actual config byte). See "compliance_raw DLE encoding" note below. |
+| anchor − 8 | recording_mode | uint8 | **Same offset for both read and write** — confirmed 2026-04-21. `_encode_compliance_config` writes `buf[anc-8]`. NOTE: for Histogram (0x03), E5 encodes the value as `0x10 0x03` so compliance_raw[anc-9]=0x10, compliance_raw[anc-8]=0x03. |
+| anchor − 7 | constant | `0x10` | Always `0x10` in both E5 read and BW write payloads (not a DLE marker — it is part of the sample_rate field area). Do NOT overwrite. |
+| anchor − 6 | sample_rate | uint16 BE | same in read & write |
+| anchor − 4 | histogram_interval_sec | uint16 BE | seconds; same in read & write ✅ 2026-04-20 |
+| anchor − 2 | `0x00 0x00` | padding | |
+| anchor | `\xbe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00` | anchor | |
+| anchor + 6 | record_time | float32 BE | same in read & write |
+
+**recording_mode enum** (confirmed 2026-04-20 from 4-20-26 captures):
+
+| Value | Mode | anchor-9 in compliance_raw |
+|---|---|---|
+| `0x00` | Single Shot | `0x00` |
+| `0x01` | Continuous | `0x00` |
+| `0x02` | ❓ not observed | ❓ |
+| `0x03` | Histogram | `0x10` (DLE prefix from E5 wire encoding of 0x03) |
+| `0x04` | Histogram + Continuous | `0x10` (actual config byte for this mode) |
+
+**compliance_raw DLE encoding — IMPORTANT (confirmed 2026-04-21 from 4-20-26 captures):**
+`compliance_raw` (returned by `read_compliance_config()`) is NOT purely logical bytes — it is
+the wire-encoded representation where `0x03` bytes in the config are preceded by a `0x10` DLE
+prefix (because S3FrameParser preserves DLE+ETX inner-frame pairs as two literal bytes).
+
+Consequences:
+- When recording_mode = `0x03` (Histogram), `compliance_raw[anc-9] = 0x10` (DLE prefix) and
+  `compliance_raw[anc-8] = 0x03` (the value). The anchor position is +1 compared to modes
+  without `0x03` bytes before the anchor.
+- For Histogram+Continuous (`0x04`), `compliance_raw[anc-9] = 0x10` for a different reason:
+  it is an actual stored config byte, not a DLE prefix.
+- The anchor search (`buf.find(b'\xbe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00', 0, 150)`) correctly locates
+  the anchor regardless of these mode-dependent shifts.
+- When SFM writes recording_mode and round-trips the rest verbatim, the byte at `anc-9` is
+  preserved from the previous read. This means transitioning Histogram→other modes via SFM
+  leaves a `0x10` at `anc-9`. The device stores it as a literal byte; it does not affect
+  recording mode operation (which is at `anc-8`), but differs from what BW writes. This is a
+  known minor discrepancy that does not impact device behavior.
+- **Histogram recording mode (0x03) write via SFM**: untested. When starting from a mode with
+  `anc-9 = 0x00`, SFM writes bare `0x03` at anc-8. BW would write `0x10 0x03`. Device likely
+  accepts both (write frames probably use offset/length for framing, not ETX scanning).
+
+**DLE escaping in write frames — confirmed 2026-04-20:** Blastware escapes `0x03` bytes in
+write frame data as `0x10 0x03` on the wire (defensive ETX escaping). Our `build_bw_write_frame`
+does NOT do this escaping — it sends data bytes raw. Device acceptance of bare `0x03` bytes
+in write frame data is confirmed for the tested modes (Single Shot, Continuous, Histogram+Continuous
+where `0x10 0x03` already appears from round-tripping). Histogram mode (bare `0x03` write from
+non-Histogram starting state) has not been directly tested.
 
 ### SUB 0C — Waveform Record (210 bytes = data[11:11+0xD2])
 
@@ -412,6 +739,8 @@ for 0x10 records).
 
 ## SFM REST API (sfm/server.py)
 
+### Live device endpoints (connect to device per-request)
+
 ```
 GET  /device/info?port=COM5                              ← serial
 GET  /device/info?host=1.2.3.4&tcp_port=9034            ← cellular
@@ -424,6 +753,19 @@ POST /device/monitor/stop?host=1.2.3.4&tcp_port=9034    ← stop recording
 
 Server retries once on `ProtocolError` for TCP connections (handles cold-boot timing).
 
+### DB read endpoints (query seismo_relay.db written by ach_server.py)
+
+```
+GET  /db/units                                           ← all known serials + summary stats
+GET  /db/events?serial=BE11529&from_dt=&to_dt=&limit=   ← triggered events, newest first
+GET  /db/monitor_log?serial=BE11529&from_dt=&to_dt=     ← monitoring intervals, newest first
+GET  /db/sessions?serial=BE11529&limit=50               ← ACH call-home sessions, newest first
+PATCH /db/events/{id}/false_trigger?value=true          ← flag/unflag false triggers
+```
+
+DB file: `bridges/captures/seismo_relay.db` (default; override with `--db-path` at startup).
+All DB endpoints are read-only except `PATCH /db/events/{id}/false_trigger`.
+
 ---
 
 ## Key wire captures (reference material)
@@ -434,6 +776,8 @@ Server retries once on `ProtocolError` for TCP connections (handles cold-boot ti
 | 3-11-26 | `bridges/captures/3-11-26/` | Full compliance setup write, Aux Trigger capture |
 | 3-31-26 | `bridges/captures/3-31-26/` | Complete event download cycle (148 BW / 147 S3 frames) — confirmed 1E/0A/0C/1F sequence; only 1 event stored so token=0xFE appeared to work |
 | 4-3-26 | `bridges/captures/4-3-26/` | Browse-mode S3 capture with 2+ events — confirmed all-zero params for 1F, 1F response layout, null sentinel, 0A context requirement |
+| 4-27-26 | `bridges/captures/4-27-26/` | BW "open 2sec waveform" + "copy event to disk" + paired SFM "seismo_dl" — first proof that SFM was over-reading 5× past event end. BW reads 14 chunks at 0x0200 increments + TERM at end_offset; SFM was reading 37 chunks at 0x0400 increments. STRT end_key field located. |
+| 5-1-26 | `bridges/captures/5-1-26/comcheck/` | Three sub-captures: SFM 3-sec download (`seismo_dl_…`), BW comms-check + 3-sec download (`bwcap3sec/`), BW second-event download + "Download All" (`raw_*_170945`/`_171216`). Confirmed: TERM frame formula across 3 events; metadata pages 0x1002/0x1004 are global (read once per session); event-1 vs event-N chunk-pattern split; WAVEHDR length 0x46 vs 0x2C disambiguates real events from boundaries. |
 
 ---
 
@@ -582,28 +926,32 @@ All confirmed from 4-8-26/2ndtry BW TX/S3 capture (clean start → 30s monitor
 Standard two-step read (probe at offset 0x00, data at offset 0x2C).
 Response SUB = 0xFF − 0x1C = **0xE3** (standard formula — no exception).
 
-**Payload length is ~46–49 bytes in BOTH idle and monitoring states** — length alone
-is NOT a reliable mode indicator.  Earlier note claiming "12 bytes when monitoring"
-was wrong (confirmed 2026-04-08 from 4-8-26/mid-monitor captures).
+**Payload length is 46–47 bytes IDLE, 48–49 bytes MONITORING** — not a reliable sole
+indicator due to 1-byte jitter overlap at the boundary.
 
-**Monitoring flag (CORRECTED 2026-04-08 — full byte diff of 2ndtry capture):**
-- `section[6] == 0x00` → unit is **idle**
-- `section[6] == 0x10` → unit is **monitoring**
+**Monitoring flag (CONFIRMED 2026-04-09 — byte diff of all 144 data frames, 2ndtry capture):**
+- `section[1] == 0x00` → unit is **idle**
+- `section[1] == 0x10` → unit is **monitoring**
 
-Earlier note claiming `section[1]` was the flag was WRONG — section[1] is always 0x00 in both states.  The correction was found by diffing all 0xE3 data frames across the start/stop transitions: `section[6]` is the only byte that flips cleanly at frame #36 (start) and #132 (stop) within the 2ndtry 0xE3 frame sequence.
+This is `data[12]` (= `frame.data[12]`).  The flag is 0x00 in all 36 IDLE_BEFORE frames,
+0x10 in all 98 MONITORING frames, and 0x00 in all 10 IDLE_AFTER frames — 100% accurate.
 
-Battery and memory fields are present in **both** states, but the payload grows by **3 bytes** when monitoring is active (section goes from ~52 to ~55 bytes), shifting subsequent fields by +3.
+**HISTORY OF THIS FIELD (do not re-derive):**  The original implementation used `section[1]`.
+A re-analysis in the prior session incorrectly concluded `section[1]` is always 0x00 and
+"corrected" the flag to `section[6]`, which has non-binary values (0xea idle, 0x07 monitoring)
+and is device-specific.  The 2026-04-09 re-analysis confirms `section[1]` was right.
 
-**Field offsets (relative to `data[11:]` = section):**
+**IMPORTANT — `frame.data` has checksum already stripped** by `S3FrameParser._finalise()`
+(`raw_payload = body[:-1]`; `data = raw_payload[5:]`).  There is NO trailing checksum byte in
+`section`.  All relative-from-end offsets must account for this.
 
-Battery and memory are at **relative offsets from the end** — the payload can vary by ±1–3 bytes due to counter jitter and monitoring-mode expansion, but these 10 bytes are always anchored at the end:
+Battery and memory fields are present in **both** states:
 
 | Offset (relative to end) | Field | Type | Notes |
 |---|---|---|---|
-| `section[-11:-9]` | battery voltage × 100 | uint16 BE | `0x02A8` = 680 → 6.80 V |
-| `section[-9:-5]` | memory total (bytes) | uint32 BE | e.g. 983026 ≈ 960 KB |
-| `section[-5:-1]` | memory free (bytes) | uint32 BE | decreases as events are stored |
-| `section[-1]` | frame checksum | — | last byte, skip |
+| `section[-10:-8]` | battery voltage × 100 | uint16 BE | `0x02A8` = 680 → 6.80 V |
+| `section[-8:-4]` | memory total (bytes) | uint32 BE | e.g. 983026 ≈ 960 KB |
+| `section[-4:]` | memory free (bytes) | uint32 BE | decreases as events are stored |
 
 ### SESSION_RESET signal (`41 03`) — required for monitoring units
 
@@ -657,7 +1005,7 @@ Key findings:
 
 **SFM behavior after `POST /device/monitor/start`:** `_pollMonitorConfirm()` polls
 `/device/monitor/status` every 5 s for up to 60 s, updating the badge on each poll.
-Status will show MONITORING once `section[6]` flips to `0x10`.
+Status will show MONITORING once `section[1]` flips to `0x10`.
 
 ### SUBs known from sensor-check capture (4-8-26) — NOT YET IMPLEMENTED
 
@@ -678,22 +1026,22 @@ Fields visible in the Blastware Compliance Setup dialog — most are NOT YET dec
 offsets in the raw 1A/E5 payload.  Only fields with `✅` have confirmed offsets in the code.
 
 **Recording Setup tab:**
-- Recording Mode: Continuous / Single Shot / Histogram (enum)
-- Record Stop Mode: Fixed Record Time / Auto / Manual Stop (enum)
+- Recording Mode: Continuous / Single Shot / Histogram / Histogram+Continuous ✅ (uint8 at anchor−3 in write, anchor−4 in read; 0x00=Single Shot, 0x01=Continuous, 0x03=Histogram, 0x04=Histogram+Continuous) — confirmed 2026-04-20
+- Record Stop Mode: Fixed Record Time / Auto / Manual Stop (enum) ❓ (byte near recording_mode; data[40] in E5 sf1 changed 0x01→0x00 alongside Continuous→Single Shot — may be this field)
 - Sample Rate: Standard 1024 / Fast 2048 / Faster 4096 sps ✅ (anchor−2)
 - Record Time: float, seconds ✅ (anchor+10)
-- Histogram Interval: 5 / 15 / 30 / 60 minutes (enum, mode-gated)
+- Histogram Interval: 2s / 5s / 15s / 1m / 5m / 15m ✅ (uint16 BE seconds at anchor−4, same in read & write; mode-gated to Histogram/Histogram+Continuous) — confirmed 2026-04-20
 - Storage Mode: Save All Data / Save Triggered (enum)
 - Geophone Type: Standard Triaxial / 4.5 Hz (bool/enum)
 - Geophone Channels: Enable all geophones (bool), Trigger Source (bool)
 - Chan 1-3 Trigger Level (float, in/s) ✅ (`trigger_level_geo`)
-- Chan 1-3 Maximum Range: Normal 10.000 / 1.25 in/s (enum) ✅ (`max_range_geo`)
+- Chan 1-3 Maximum Range: Normal 10.000 / 1.25 in/s (enum) ✅ (`geo_range` uint8; **CONFIRMED 2026-04-20** from 4-20-26 geo sensitivity captures: offset = `channel_label+33` in both E5 read and SUB 71 write payloads (same bytes, round-tripped verbatim); `0x00` = Normal 10.000 in/s, `0x01` = Sensitive 1.250 in/s; applied to Tran/Vert/Long channel blocks). **IMPORTANT: `channel_label+20` reads `0x01` on ALL captures and is NOT this field** — it is a constant flag. The float32 at `channel_label+28` = 6.206053 is the ADC-to-velocity scale factor (hardware constant, do NOT write).
 - Microphone Channels: Enable all microphones (bool), Trigger Source (bool)
 - Chan 4 Trigger Level (dB or psi depending on units)
 
 **Notes tab:**
 - Enable User Notes (bool)
-- Project, Client, User Name, Seis Loc (ASCII strings) ✅ (sourced from A5 frame 7 via 5A)
+- Project, Client, User Name, Seis Loc (ASCII strings) ✅ (sourced from 5A metadata pages at counter 0x1002 / 0x1004 — see "SUB 5A — fixed metadata pages" section)
 - Enable Extended Notes (bool); Extended Notes text; Extended Notes Title
 - Enable Job Number (bool); Job Number (int)
 - Enable Scaled Distance (bool); Distance from Blast (float); Charge Weight (float) — Scaled Distance is derived
@@ -716,9 +1064,349 @@ Full compliance config encoder is a future task.
 
 ---
 
+---
+
+## Erase-all protocol (SUBs 0xA3/0xA2/0x06) — confirmed 2026-04-11
+
+Full sequence confirmed from 4-11-26 MITM capture of a live Blastware ACH session
+(`bridges/captures/mitm/ach_mitm_20260411_001912/`).
+
+### Wire sequence
+
+```
+BW → device:  SUB 0xA3  params=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FE 00 00  (begin erase)
+device → BW:  SUB 0x5C  (ack)
+BW → device:  SUB 0x1C  probe (offset=0x00)
+device → BW:  SUB 0xE3  (probe ack)
+BW → device:  SUB 0x1C  data  (offset=0x2C)
+device → BW:  SUB 0xE3  (monitor status response)
+BW → device:  SUB 0x06  probe (offset=0x00, params same)
+device → BW:  SUB 0xF9  (probe ack)
+BW → device:  SUB 0x06  data  (offset=0x24)
+device → BW:  SUB 0xF9  (36-byte storage range response)
+BW → device:  SUB 0xA2  params=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FE 00 00  (confirm erase)
+device → BW:  SUB 0x5D  (ack — device memory is now cleared)
+```
+
+All frames use standard `build_bw_frame` (not write-format).  Response SUBs follow the
+standard `0xFF - SUB` formula; no exceptions.
+
+### SUB 0x06 — event storage range response (36 bytes)
+
+The 36-byte response body ends with two 4-byte event keys:
+
+| Offset (from end) | Field | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| `[-8:-4]` | first stored event key | `01110000` when empty |
+| `[-4:]` | last stored event key | `01110000` when empty |
+
+Before erase: ends with `<first_key> <last_key>` (e.g. `0111ea60 0111eaa6`).
+After erase: both bytes read `01110000` — device's empty/reset sentinel.
+
+### Post-erase key counter reset
+
+After a successful erase, the device resets its event counter.  New events start from
+key `0x01110000` again — the same key as the very first event ever recorded.  This means
+key-based deduplication in the ACH server must account for key reuse:
+
+- After our own erase: `ach_state.json` `downloaded_keys` and `max_downloaded_key` are
+  cleared so the next session starts fresh.
+- After an external erase: the ACH server detects it by comparing `max(device_keys)` to
+  `max_downloaded_key` from state.  If the device max has rolled back below the historical
+  max, all current device keys are treated as new regardless of `seen_keys`.
+
+### ACH server state format (v0.9.0)
+
+`bridges/captures/ach_state.json`:
+```json
+{
+  "BE11529": {
+    "downloaded_keys":    ["01110000", "0111245a"],
+    "max_downloaded_key": "0111245a",
+    "last_seen":          "2026-04-11T01:04:36",
+    "serial":             "BE11529",
+    "peer":               "63.43.212.232:51920"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+`max_downloaded_key` is the high-water mark — the largest key ever downloaded from the
+unit.  It is NOT reset when events are erased from the device (only when our server does
+the erase).  Used for post-erase detection.
+
+---
+
+## Monitor log entries — SUB 0x0A partial records (confirmed 2026-04-11)
+
+Confirmed from 4-11-26 MITM capture: 12 partial records (record type `0x2C`) and 7 full
+event records (record type `0x46`) across 19 total 0x0A responses.
+
+### Record type detection
+
+`read_waveform_header()` returns `(raw_data, length)` where `raw_data = data_rsp.data`
+(the full payload including prefix bytes).  The record type is at `raw_data[0]`:
+
+| Value | Type | How to process |
+|---|---|---|
+| `0x46` | Full triggered event | Normal download: 0C → 5A → 1F |
+| `0x2C` | Monitor log entry (partial) | No 0C/5A; decode inline from 0A payload |
+
+Length heuristic: `length < 0x40` (64) reliably identifies partial records across all
+observed captures.  Both checks (`raw_data[0] == 0x2C` and `length < 0x40`) are used.
+
+### SUB 0x0A partial record (0x2C) payload layout
+
+All offsets are from `raw_data` (the full `data_rsp.data` array including the 11-byte
+prefix before the actual header bytes start).
+
+```
+raw_data[0]   = 0x2C   ← record type (partial / monitor log)
+raw_data[1:11] = prefix bytes (vary; contain key4 copy, flags, length)
+raw_data[11:] = timestamp and ASCII metadata payload
+```
+
+**Timestamp auto-detection** (confirmed from 4-11-26 capture):
+
+```
+raw_data[11] == 0x10  →  10-byte sub_code=0x03 format (continuous mode)
+raw_data[11] != 0x10  →  9-byte sub_code=0x10 format (single-shot mode)
+```
+
+**9-byte timestamp format (sub_code=0x10):**
+
+| Byte | Field |
+|---|---|
+| 0 | day |
+| 1 | `0x10` (sub_code marker) |
+| 2 | month |
+| 3–4 | year (uint16 BE) |
+| 5 | unknown (0x00) |
+| 6 | hour |
+| 7 | minute |
+| 8 | second |
+
+**10-byte timestamp format (sub_code=0x03):**
+
+| Byte | Field |
+|---|---|
+| 0 | `0x10` (marker) |
+| 1 | day |
+| 2 | `0x10` (marker) |
+| 3 | month |
+| 4–5 | year (uint16 BE) |
+| 6 | unknown (0x00) |
+| 7 | hour |
+| 8 | minute |
+| 9 | second |
+
+**Two timestamps:** Each partial record contains two timestamps — `start_time` and
+`stop_time` — stored consecutively:
+- `ts1` (start) at `raw_data[ts_offset : ts_offset + ts_size]` where `ts_offset = 11`
+- `ts2` (stop) at `raw_data[ts1_end : ts1_end + ts_size]`
+
+**Edge case — 1-byte gap between timestamps:** Occurs when ts1 and ts2 share the same
+minute:second.  If `try_ts(raw_data[ts1_end:])` fails, try `try_ts(raw_data[ts1_end+1:])`.
+Confirmed in frames 121, 161, 165 of the 4-11-26 MITM capture.  Frame 121 still shows 0s
+duration (both decode to 16:02:00) — the extra byte appears in all same-second cases.
+
+**ASCII metadata after timestamps:**
+```
+<separator bytes>  BE<serial>\x00Geo: <float> in/s ...
+```
+
+- Serial: scan for `b"BE"`, read until `b"\x00"` (e.g. `"BE11529"`)
+- Geo threshold: scan for `b"Geo: "`, read float until next space (e.g. `0.254` in/s)
+
+A separator of variable length (4–5 bytes of `\x00` + flags) sits between the two
+timestamps and the ASCII region.  The `b"BE"` anchor scan is robust to separator length
+variation.
+
+### `_decode_0a_partial_header(raw_data, index, key4)` — client.py
+
+Returns a `MonitorLogEntry` or `None`.  Called by `get_monitor_log_entries()` for each
+event key whose 0x0A response has `raw_data[0] == 0x2C` or `length < 0x40`.
+
+### `MiniMateClient.get_monitor_log_entries(skip_keys=None)` — client.py
+
+Browse-mode walk: `1E → 0A → check type → decode if partial → 1F`.  No 0x0C or 5A reads
+performed.  Full (0x46) records are skipped without decoding.  Returns `list[MonitorLogEntry]`.
+
+`skip_keys` (optional `set[str]`): keys in this set are still advanced through the walk
+(to avoid disrupting the iteration sequence), but no `MonitorLogEntry` is created for them.
+
+### `MonitorLogEntry` model — models.py
+
+```python
+@dataclass
+class MonitorLogEntry:
+    index: int                                      # 0-based position
+    key: str                                        # 8-hex event key
+    start_time: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None
+    stop_time:  Optional[datetime.datetime] = None
+    serial: Optional[str] = None
+    geo_threshold_ips: Optional[float] = None
+    raw_header: Optional[bytes] = field(default=None, repr=False)
+
+    @property
+    def duration_seconds(self) -> Optional[float]: ...
+```
+
+### ACH server integration (v0.10.0)
+
+After `get_events()`, the ACH server calls `get_monitor_log_entries(skip_keys=seen_keys)`.
+New entries are saved to `monitor_log.json` in the session directory.  Monitor log keys are
+included in `current_keys` for state persistence so they are not re-processed on the next
+call-home.
+
+---
+
+## Auto Call Home config (SUBs 0x2C / 0x7E / 0x7F) — confirmed 2026-04-20
+
+Full read/write pipeline confirmed from `bridges/captures/4-20-26/call home settings/`
+(10 BW TX write frames diffed against the S3 read response).
+
+Accessible in Blastware: **Remote Access → Setup Unit**.
+
+### Protocol
+
+**SUB 0x2C — Call Home Config READ (response 0xD3)**
+
+Standard two-step read: probe offset `0x0000`, data offset `0x007C` (124).
+Returns 125 raw bytes (one more than DATA_LENGTH) because the device encodes
+num_retries value `3` as `\x10\x03` on the wire — S3FrameParser preserves both
+bytes literally, shifting all subsequent field positions by +1.
+
+**SUB 0x7E — Call Home Config WRITE (response 0x81)**
+
+Write format (only BW_CMD `0x10` doubled on wire; DLE-aware checksum).
+Payload = 125-byte read payload + `\x00\x00` = 127 bytes.
+Offset = `data[1] + 2 = 0x7C + 2 = 0x7E`.
+
+**SUB 0x7F — Call Home WRITE CONFIRM (response 0x80)**
+
+Confirm frame, no data payload. Required after SUB 0x7E.
+
+### Field map (raw 125-byte array from `data_rsp.data[11:]`)
+
+| Raw Offset | Field | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| `[5]` | `auto_call_home_enabled` | `0x00`=off, `0x01`=on |
+| `[6:46]` | `dial_string` | 40-byte null-padded ASCII |
+| `[87]` | `after_event_recorded` | bool |
+| `[91]` | `at_specified_times` | bool |
+| `[93]` | `time1_enabled` | bool |
+| `[101]` | `time1_hour` | 0–23 |
+| `[102]` | `time1_min` | 0–59 |
+| `[95]` | `time2_enabled` | bool |
+| `[105]` | `time2_hour` | 0–23 |
+| `[106]` | `time2_min` | 0–59 |
+| `[117]` | DLE prefix `0x10` | Part of `\x10\x03` (DLE-escaped ETX encoding value 3) |
+| `[118]` | `num_retries` | Value = 3; detect via `raw[117] == 0x10` |
+| `[120]` | `time_between_retries_sec` | Shifted +1 from logical 119 |
+| `[122]` | `wait_for_connection_sec` | Shifted +1 from logical 121 |
+| `[124]` | `warm_up_time_sec` | Shifted +1 from logical 123 |
+
+**DLE-escaped 0x03 at raw[117:119]:** The byte value `0x03` is indistinguishable from the
+frame ETX terminator, so the device encodes it as `\x10\x03` (DLE + ETX inner-terminator).
+S3FrameParser in `STATE_AFTER_DLE` on ETX appends both bytes as literal payload. The write
+frame sends them verbatim — device accepts `\x10\x03` and interprets it as value 3.
+
+**Unconfirmed fields:** time slots 3 and 4 (offsets unknown), `modem_power_relay_enabled`.
+
+### `CallHomeConfig` model — models.py
+
+```python
+@dataclass
+class CallHomeConfig:
+    raw: Optional[bytes] = None                        # 125-byte raw read payload
+    auto_call_home_enabled: Optional[bool] = None      # raw[5]
+    dial_string: Optional[str] = None                  # raw[6:46]
+    after_event_recorded: Optional[bool] = None        # raw[87]
+    at_specified_times: Optional[bool] = None          # raw[91]
+    time1_enabled: Optional[bool] = None               # raw[93]
+    time1_hour: Optional[int] = None                   # raw[101]
+    time1_min: Optional[int] = None                    # raw[102]
+    time2_enabled: Optional[bool] = None               # raw[95]
+    time2_hour: Optional[int] = None                   # raw[105]
+    time2_min: Optional[int] = None                    # raw[106]
+    num_retries: Optional[int] = None                  # raw[118] (DLE-prefixed)
+    time_between_retries_sec: Optional[int] = None     # raw[120] (shifted +1)
+    wait_for_connection_sec: Optional[int] = None      # raw[122] (shifted +1)
+    warm_up_time_sec: Optional[int] = None             # raw[124] (shifted +1)
+```
+
+### SFM REST API — sfm/server.py
+
+```
+GET  /device/call_home?host=1.2.3.4&tcp_port=9034   ← read call home config
+POST /device/call_home?host=1.2.3.4&tcp_port=9034   ← write call home config
+```
+
+POST body fields (all optional): `auto_call_home_enabled`, `after_event_recorded`,
+`at_specified_times`, `time1_enabled`, `time1_hour`, `time1_min`, `time2_enabled`,
+`time2_hour`, `time2_min`.
+
+**Note:** `dial_string` is read-only in the current implementation (omitted from POST
+body) because writing a dial string may require DLE escaping for embedded control characters.
+
+---
+
 ## What's next
 
+- **Database** — SQLite store for events + monitor log entries; dedup by key; queryable
+- **Histograms** — decode histogram-mode A5 data (noise floor tracking)
+- **Blastware-compatible file output** — `write_blastware_file()` and `write_mlg()` implemented. `blastware_filename()` generates correct Blastware filenames (AB0 for direct, AB0W/AB0H for ACH). **Confirmed BYTE-PERFECT against BW reference (v0.14.3, 2026-05-05):** when fed the BW 5-1-26 3-sec capture's A5 frames, the SFM-built file matches BW's saved `M529LKIQ.G10` byte-for-byte (8708 bytes, 0 differences).  Live SFM downloads of event 0 (3-sec) and event 1 (3-sec continuation) both open cleanly in Blastware with full Event Reports, frequency analysis, and waveform plots.  Body assembly is just contiguous concatenation of frame contributions in stream order (probe → meta@0x1002 → meta@0x1004 → samples → TERM); no stripping, no overlay, no special handling.  Histogram+Continuous mode deferred (5A stream for those events embeds histogram interval records that may need different handling — untested under v0.14.x). Extension mapping: extensions encode timestamp (AB0T for ACH, AB0 for direct), NOT recording mode. Filename format: `<prefix_letter><serial3><4-char-base36-stem><ext>`
+
+  **Serial encoding (CONFIRMED 2026-04-22):** `prefix_letter = chr(ord('B') + floor(serial_numeric / 1000))`, `serial3 = f"{serial_numeric % 1000:03d}"`. Examples: BE6907→H907, BE11529→M529, BE14036→P036, BE17353→S353, BE18003→T003. The prefix letter encodes the production generation (batch of 1000 units).
+
+  **Stem encoding (FULLY CONFIRMED 2026-04-22):** stem = 4-char base-36 of `floor(total_seconds / 1296)` where `total_seconds = (event_local_time − 1985-01-01T00:00:00_local)` in seconds. Epoch = `1985-01-01 00:00:00` device local time — confirmed against 3,248 files from 10-year production archive with zero errors. Decode: `event_time = datetime(1985,1,1) + timedelta(seconds=stem_int*1296 + ab_int)`. Example: P036L318.C80H → BE14036, 2025-05-26 15:00:08, Full Histogram.
+- **Blastware filename extension — NEW FIRMWARE FULLY DECODED (confirmed 2026-04-21, further confirmed 2026-04-22 from 10-year production archive frequency analysis):**
+
+  Extension format = `AB0T` (4 chars):
+  - `AB` = 2-char base-36 encoding of `total_seconds % 1296` (seconds within the 21.6-min window, 0–1295); `A = value // 36`, `B = value % 36`
+  - `0` = always literal digit zero (third character, invariant)
+  - `T` = event type: `W` = Full Waveform, `H` = Full Histogram
+
+  Combined with the 4-char stem, the full filename encodes a complete second-resolution timestamp. Verified against three S353L4H0.{3M0W,8S0H,9X0W} events (all match to the second) plus large-scale frequency analysis of a 10-year archive.
+
+  **3-day cycle property (confirmed 2026-04-22):** A unit recording at a fixed daily time cycles through exactly **3 extensions** with a 3-day period. Each calendar day shifts `total_seconds % 1296` by 864 (since `86400 % 1296 = 864`). The cycle repeats every 3 days because `gcd(1296, 864) = 432` and `1296 / 432 = 3`. The three extension values are spaced 432 seconds apart. Confirmed from 10-year archive: the top 3 extensions overall were `CE0H` (95 files), `0E0H` (93), `OE0H` (91) — all three are the 3-day cycle of a 06:00:14 daily call-in time (seconds-in-window = 14, 446, 878; all three have `E` as second character because `14 = E` in base-36 and adding 864 never changes `value % 36` since `864 = 24 × 36`).
+
+  **B character invariance:** For a unit recording at a fixed time of day, the second character `B` of the extension (`value % 36`) **never changes** — only the first character `A` cycles through 3 values. This means same-time-of-day files from different dates all share the same `B` character.
+
+  **Old firmware (S338, 3-char extensions ending in `0`):** encoding unknown. Extension is NOT recording mode. `blastware_filename()` returns `.N00` as a placeholder for old-firmware units.
+
+  **Micromate Series 4** uses a different extension format entirely (observed: `IDFH`, `IDFW`). The `AB0T` formula applies only to MiniMate Plus / V10.72 firmware.
 - Compliance config encoder — build raw write payloads from a `ComplianceConfig` object
+- **Test Histogram recording mode (0x03) write via SFM** — confirmed working for Single Shot / Continuous / Histogram+Continuous; Histogram (0x03) needs a live test from a non-Histogram starting state (bare 0x03 in write vs BW's DLE-escaped `10 03`)
+- **Compliance write anchor-9 cleanup** — when changing recording_mode via SFM, the byte at anchor-9 is not explicitly managed. A spurious `0x10` may persist after Histogram→other mode transitions. Does not affect device operation but differs from BW's byte-perfect output.
 - Locate "Sensor Check" byte in compliance config (need capture with Disabled vs Before-monitoring)
-- ACH inbound server — accept call-home connections from field units
+- Call Home — map time slots 3/4 offsets; add dial_string write support; confirm `modem_power_relay_enabled`
 - Modem manager — push RV50/RV55 configs via Sierra Wireless API
+- RV55 DCD/DTR issue — newer RV55 firmware doesn't assert DCD by default; units don't
+  resume monitoring after call-home disconnect (`--restart-monitoring` flag deferred)
+
+## BW capture reference
+
+`bridges/captures/` contains the following BW TX + S3 response captures for protocol analysis:
+
+| Folder / File | Contents |
+|---|---|
+| `1-2-26/` | First SUB 5A BW TX capture — established 5A frame format (raw offset_hi, DLE-aware checksum). 10 frames verified. |
+| `3-11-26/raw_bw_20260311_170151.bin` | Full compliance write + event download (SUBs 68→83 confirmed, frames 102–112) |
+| `3-31-26/` | Single-event download (148 BW / 147 S3 frames) — 1E/0A/0C/1F sequence confirmed (single event so token=0xFE appeared to work in either branch) |
+| `4-2-26/` | Download-mode BW TX capture — POLL×3 requirement confirmed (frames 68-73 between 1F and first 5A) |
+| `4-3-26-multi_event/` | Browse-mode S3 capture with 2+ events — all-zero params for 1F, null sentinel layout, 0A context requirement |
+| `4-8-26/` | Monitor status read, start/stop monitoring, SESSION_RESET signal, sensor check |
+| `4-11-26 (mitm/ach_mitm_20260411_001912/)` | Full ACH call-home MITM — erase protocol (0xA3/0x06/0xA2), monitor log partial records confirmed |
+| `4-20-26/raw_bw_*_recording_mode_*.bin` | Recording mode changes: Continuous→Single Shot, →Histogram, →Histogram+Continuous |
+| `4-20-26/histogram interval/` | Histogram interval changes: 1min, 5min, 15min, 15sec |
+| `4-20-26/geo sensitivity/` | Geo sensitivity changes: 1.25 in/s (Sensitive), 10 in/s (Normal) |
+| `4-20-26/call home settings/` | Call home config read/write captures |
+| `4-27-26/` | BW "open 2sec waveform" + "copy event to disk" + paired SFM "seismo_dl" — first proof of 5× SFM over-read. STRT end_key field located. |
+| **`5-1-26/comcheck/`** | **Triplet of captures that nailed the v0.14.0 walk:** SFM 3-sec download (`seismo_dl_…`), BW comms-check + 3-sec download (`bwcap3sec/`), BW second-event download + "Download All" (`raw_*_170945` / `_171216`). Confirmed: TERM frame formula across 3 events, metadata pages 0x1002/0x1004 are global session metadata, event-1 vs event-N chunk pattern split, WAVEHDR off=0x46 vs 0x2C disambiguates real events from boundaries. |
+| **`5-1-26/comcheck/bwcap3sec/`** | **The byte-perfect reference for v0.14.3.** All 17 BW 5A request frames (probe, 2 metadata, 13 samples, TERM) reproduce byte-for-byte from SFM's framing helpers — including the `10 10 00` DLE-stuffed counter for sample @ 0x1000 that was the long-standing failure mode. |
+| `5-4-26/` | BW MITM captures of "copy 3sec / 2sec / Download All" + paired SFM session (`seismo_dl_20260504_145701`) showing the +0x46 event-N probe bug producing 110-chunk runaway walk. Cross-references against 5-1-26 confirmed device behavior is identical. |
+
+To parse BW TX captures: use `bridges/captures/` scripts or adapt the `find_write_frames()` pattern
+in `/tmp/analyze_write_payload.py` — it correctly handles `0x10 0x03` DLE-escaped ETX bytes
+inside write frame data (the naive parser terminates early at the escaped `0x03`).

README.md

@@ -1,16 +1,24 @@
-# seismo-relay  `v0.6.0`
+# seismo-relay  `v0.15.0`
 
 A ground-up replacement for **Blastware** — Instantel's aging Windows-only
 software for managing MiniMate Plus seismographs.
 
-Built in Python. Runs on Windows. Connects to instruments over direct RS-232
-or cellular modem (Sierra Wireless RV50 / RV55).
+Built in Python. Runs on Windows, Linux, or macOS. Connects to instruments
+over direct RS-232 or cellular modem (Sierra Wireless RV50 / RV55).
 
-> **Status:** Active development. Full read pipeline working end-to-end:
-> device info, compliance config (with geo thresholds), event download with
-> true event-time metadata (project / client / operator / sensor location
-> sourced from the device at record-time via SUB 5A). Write commands in progress.
-> See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) for version history.
+> **Status:** Active development. Full read + write + erase + monitoring
+> pipeline working end-to-end over TCP/cellular. ACH Auto Call Home server
+> handles inbound unit connections, downloads events, and persists everything
+> to a SQLite database. SFM REST API exposes device control and DB queries.
+> **As of v0.14.3 (2026-05-05): SUB 5A bulk waveform protocol is verified
+> byte-perfect against Blastware captures across 2-sec, 3-sec, and 10-sec
+> events.** Generated `.G10` / `.AB0` files open cleanly in Blastware with
+> full Event Reports, frequency analysis, and waveform plots.
+> **v0.15.0 (2026-05-07)** adds layered per-event storage (BW binary +
+> raw 5A pickle + HDF5 + `.sfm.json` sidecar), a plot-ready
+> `sfm.plot.v1` JSON shape with server-side ADC-to-physical-units
+> conversion, and a BW-file importer for ingesting externally-produced
+> events.  See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) for full version history.
 
 ---
 
@@ -18,29 +26,32 @@ or cellular modem (Sierra Wireless RV50 / RV55).
 
 ```
 seismo-relay/
-├── seismo_lab.py              ← Main GUI (Bridge + Analyzer + Console tabs)
+├── seismo_lab.py              ← Main GUI (Bridge + Analyzer + Download + Console tabs)
 │
 ├── minimateplus/              ← MiniMate Plus client library
-│   ├── transport.py           ←   SerialTransport and TcpTransport
-│   ├── protocol.py            ←   DLE frame layer (read/write/parse)
-│   ├── client.py              ←   High-level client (connect, get_config, etc.)
-│   ├── framing.py             ←   Frame builder/parser primitives
-│   └── models.py              ←   DeviceInfo, EventRecord, etc.
+│   ├── transport.py           ←   SerialTransport, TcpTransport, SocketTransport
+│   ├── protocol.py            ←   DLE frame layer, SUB command dispatch
+│   ├── client.py              ←   High-level client (connect, get_events, delete_all_events, push_config, get_call_home_config, …)
+│   ├── framing.py             ←   Frame builders, DLE codec, S3FrameParser
+│   ├── models.py              ←   DeviceInfo, Event, ComplianceConfig, MonitorLogEntry, CallHomeConfig, …
+│   └── blastware_file.py      ←   Write events to Blastware-compatible .AB0 files
 │
-├── sfm/                       ← SFM REST API server (FastAPI)
-│   └── server.py              ←   /device/info, /device/events, /device/event
+├── sfm/                       ← SFM REST API server (FastAPI, port 8200)
+│   ├── server.py              ←   Live device endpoints + DB query endpoints + caching
+│   ├── database.py            ←   SeismoDb — SQLite persistence (events, monitor_log, ach_sessions, sessions table)
+│   └── sfm_webapp.html        ←   Embedded web UI with Call Home config tab
 │
 ├── bridges/
-│   ├── s3-bridge/
-│   │   └── s3_bridge.py       ←   RS-232 serial bridge (capture tool)
+│   ├── ach_server.py          ←   Inbound ACH call-home server (main production server)
+│   ├── ach_mitm.py            ←   Transparent MITM proxy for capturing BW sessions
+│   ├── s3-bridge/             ←   RS-232 serial bridge (capture tool)
 │   ├── tcp_serial_bridge.py   ←   Local TCP↔serial bridge (bench testing)
-│   ├── gui_bridge.py          ←   Standalone bridge GUI (legacy)
+│   ├── gui_bridge.py          ←   Standalone bridge GUI with raw capture checkboxes
 │   └── raw_capture.py         ←   Simple raw capture tool
 │
 ├── parsers/
-│   ├── s3_parser.py           ←   DLE frame extractor
 │   ├── s3_analyzer.py         ←   Session parser, differ, Claude export
-│   ├── gui_analyzer.py        ←   Standalone analyzer GUI (legacy)
+│   ├── gui_analyzer.py        ←   Standalone analyzer GUI
 │   └── frame_db.py            ←   SQLite frame database
 │
 └── docs/
@@ -51,123 +62,95 @@ seismo-relay/
 
 ## Quick start
 
-### Seismo Lab (main GUI)
+### ACH inbound server (production)
 
-The all-in-one tool. Three tabs: **Bridge**, **Analyzer**, **Console**.
+Listens for inbound unit call-homes, downloads all new events and monitor log
+entries, and writes everything to `bridges/captures/seismo_relay.db`.
 
+```bash
+python bridges/ach_server.py --port 12345 --output bridges/captures/
 ```
-python seismo_lab.py
+
+Point the unit's ACEmanager **Remote Host** to this machine's IP and **Remote Port** to `12345`.
+
+Options:
+```
+--port N            Listen port (default 12345)
+--output DIR        Capture directory (default bridges/captures/)
+--allow-ip IP       Allowlist an IP (repeat for multiple; default: accept all)
+--max-events N      Safety cap for first run (default: unlimited)
+--clear-after-download  Erase device memory after successful download
+--verbose           Debug logging
 ```
 
 ### SFM REST server
 
-Exposes MiniMate Plus commands as a REST API for integration with other systems.
+Exposes device control and DB queries as a REST API. Proxied by terra-view.
 
-```
-cd sfm
-uvicorn server:app --reload
+```bash
+python sfm/server.py               # default: 0.0.0.0:8200
+python -m uvicorn sfm.server:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8200 --reload
 ```
 
-**Endpoints:**
+Open `http://localhost:8200` for the embedded web UI, or `http://localhost:8200/docs`
+for the interactive API docs.
+
+### Seismo Lab GUI
+
+```bash
+python seismo_lab.py
+```
+
+---
+
+## SFM REST API
+
+### Live device endpoints
+
+Each call dials the device, does its work, and closes the connection. TCP
+connections are retried once on `ProtocolError` to handle cold-boot timing.
+
+**In-memory caching** — frequently-polled endpoints avoid redundant TCP round-trips
+via a thread-safe `_LiveCache` (plain Python dict + `threading.Lock`):
+
+| Method | URL | Cache Strategy |
+|--------|-----|---|
+| `GET` | `/device/info` | Indefinite; invalidated by `POST /device/config` |
+| `GET` | `/device/events` | Count-probe fast path (~2s); full download only when new events detected |
+| `GET` | `/device/event/{idx}/waveform` | Permanent per event index |
+| `GET` | `/device/monitor/status` | 30-second TTL; invalidated by monitor start/stop |
+| `GET` | `/device/call_home` | Fresh read from device (not cached) |
+| `POST` | `/device/connect` | — |
+| `POST` | `/device/config` | Writes compliance config; invalidates info + events cache |
+| `POST` | `/device/config/project` | Patches project/client/operator/sensor_location strings |
+| `POST` | `/device/monitor/start` | Sends SUB 0x96; immediately evicts status cache |
+| `POST` | `/device/monitor/stop` | Sends SUB 0x97; immediately evicts status cache |
+| `POST` | `/device/call_home` | Reads, patches specified fields, writes back to device |
+
+**Cache bypass** — All cached endpoints accept `?force=true` to skip the cache and
+force a fresh read from the device.
+
+**Cache stats** — `GET /cache/stats` returns hit/miss counts and TTL info; `DELETE /cache/device`
+clears the device cache immediately.
+
+Transport query params (supply one set):
+```
+Serial:  ?port=COM5&baud=38400
+TCP:     ?host=1.2.3.4&tcp_port=12345
+```
+
+### DB read endpoints
+
+Query the SQLite database written by `ach_server.py`. All read-only except
+`PATCH /db/events/{id}/false_trigger`.
 
 | Method | URL | Description |
 |--------|-----|-------------|
-| `GET` | `/device/info?port=COM5` | Device info via serial |
-| `GET` | `/device/info?host=1.2.3.4&tcp_port=9034` | Device info via cellular modem |
-| `GET` | `/device/events?port=COM5` | Event index |
-| `GET` | `/device/event?port=COM5&index=0` | Single event record |
-
----
-
-## Seismo Lab tabs
-
-### Bridge tab
-
-Captures live RS-232 traffic between Blastware and the seismograph. Sits in
-the middle as a transparent pass-through while logging everything to disk.
-
-```
-Blastware → COM4 (virtual) ↔ s3_bridge ↔ COM5 (physical) → MiniMate Plus
-```
-
-Set your COM ports and log directory, then hit **Start Bridge**. Use
-**Add Mark** to annotate the capture at specific moments (e.g. "changed
-trigger level"). When the bridge starts, the Analyzer tab automatically wires
-up to the live files and starts updating in real time.
-
-### Analyzer tab
-
-Parses raw captures into DLE-framed protocol sessions, diffs consecutive
-sessions to show exactly which bytes changed, and lets you query across all
-historical captures via the built-in SQLite database.
-
-- **Inventory** — all frames in a session, click to drill in
-- **Hex Dump** — full payload hex dump with changed-byte annotations
-- **Diff** — byte-level before/after diff between sessions
-- **Full Report** — plain text session report
-- **Query DB** — search across all captures by SUB, direction, or byte value
-
-Use **Export for Claude** to generate a self-contained `.md` report for
-AI-assisted field mapping.
-
-### Console tab
-
-Direct connection to a MiniMate Plus — no bridge, no Blastware. Useful for
-diagnosing field units over cellular without a full capture session.
-
-**Connection:** choose Serial (COM port + baud) or TCP (IP + port for
-cellular modem).
-
-**Commands:**
-| Button | What it does |
-|--------|-------------|
-| POLL | Startup handshake — confirms unit is alive and identifies model |
-| Serial # | Reads unit serial number |
-| Full Config | Reads full 166-byte config block (firmware version, channel scales, etc.) |
-| Event Index | Reads stored event list |
-
-Output is colour-coded: TX in blue, raw RX bytes in teal, decoded fields in
-green, errors in red. **Save Log** writes a timestamped `.log` file to
-`bridges/captures/`. **Send to Analyzer** injects the captured bytes into the
-Analyzer tab for deeper inspection.
-
----
-
-## Connecting over cellular (RV50 / RV55 modems)
-
-Field units connect via Sierra Wireless RV50 or RV55 cellular modems. Use
-TCP mode in the Console or SFM:
-
-```
-# Console tab
-Transport: TCP
-Host: <modem public IP>
-Port: 9034          ← Device Port in ACEmanager (call-up mode)
-```
-
-```python
-# In code
-from minimateplus.transport import TcpTransport
-from minimateplus.client import MiniMateClient
-
-client = MiniMateClient(transport=TcpTransport("1.2.3.4", 9034), timeout=30.0)
-info = client.connect()
-```
-
-### Required ACEmanager settings (Serial tab)
-
-These must match exactly — a single wrong setting causes the unit to beep
-on connect but never respond:
-
-| Setting | Value | Why |
-|---------|-------|-----|
-| Configure Serial Port | `38400,8N1` | Must match MiniMate baud rate |
-| Flow Control | `None` | Hardware flow control blocks unit TX if pins unconnected |
-| **Quiet Mode** | **Enable** | **Critical.** Disabled → modem injects `RING`/`CONNECT` onto serial line, corrupting the S3 handshake |
-| Data Forwarding Timeout | `1` (= 0.1 s) | Lower latency; `5` works but is sluggish |
-| TCP Connect Response Delay | `0` | Non-zero silently drops the first POLL frame |
-| TCP Idle Timeout | `2` (minutes) | Prevents premature disconnect |
-| DB9 Serial Echo | `Disable` | Echo corrupts the data stream |
+| `GET` | `/db/units` | All known serials with summary stats |
+| `GET` | `/db/events` | Triggered events (filter by serial, date range, false_trigger) |
+| `GET` | `/db/monitor_log` | Monitoring intervals |
+| `GET` | `/db/sessions` | ACH call-home session history |
+| `PATCH` | `/db/events/{id}/false_trigger?value=true` | Flag / unflag false triggers |
 
 ---
 
@@ -175,25 +158,95 @@ on connect but never respond:
 
 ```python
 from minimateplus import MiniMateClient
-from minimateplus.transport import SerialTransport, TcpTransport
+from minimateplus.transport import TcpTransport
 
 # Serial
 client = MiniMateClient(port="COM5")
 
 # TCP (cellular modem)
-client = MiniMateClient(transport=TcpTransport("1.2.3.4", 9034), timeout=30.0)
+client = MiniMateClient(transport=TcpTransport("1.2.3.4", 12345), timeout=30.0)
 
 with client:
-    info    = client.connect()        # DeviceInfo — model, serial, firmware, compliance config
-    serial  = client.get_serial()     # Serial number string
-    config  = client.get_config()     # Full config block (bytes)
-    events  = client.get_events()     # List[EventRecord] with true event-time metadata
+    # Read
+    info     = client.connect()               # DeviceInfo — serial, firmware, compliance config
+    count    = client.count_events()          # Number of stored events
+    keys     = client.list_event_keys()       # Fast browse walk — event keys only, no download
+    events   = client.get_events()            # Full download: headers + peaks + metadata
+    monitor  = client.get_monitor_status()    # Battery, memory, is_monitoring flag
+    log      = client.get_monitor_log_entries()  # Monitoring intervals (partial 0x2C records)
+    ach_cfg  = client.get_call_home_config()  # Auto Call Home settings (SUB 0x2C)
+
+    # Write
+    client.apply_config(
+        sample_rate=1024,
+        recording_mode="Continuous",         # Single Shot / Continuous / Histogram / Histogram+Continuous
+        histogram_interval_sec=15,            # 2, 5, 15, 60, 300, 900
+        trigger_level_geo=0.5,
+        geo_range="Normal",                   # Normal (10.000 in/s) / Sensitive (1.25 in/s)
+        project="Bridge Inspection 2026",
+        client_name="City of Portland",
+        operator="B. Harrison",
+    )
+    
+    client.set_call_home_config(
+        auto_call_home_enabled=True,
+        after_event_recorded=True,
+        at_specified_times=True,
+        time1_hour=18, time1_min=30,          # 6:30 PM
+        time2_hour=6, time2_min=0,            # 6:00 AM
+    )
+
+    # Control
+    client.start_monitoring()                # SUB 0x96
+    client.stop_monitoring()                 # SUB 0x97
+    client.delete_all_events()              # Erase all (SUB 0xA3 → 0x1C → 0x06 → 0xA2)
 ```
 
-`get_events()` runs the full download sequence per event: `1E → 0A → 0C → 5A → 1F`.
-The SUB 5A bulk waveform stream is used to retrieve `client`, `operator`, and
-`sensor_location` as they existed at record time — not backfilled from the current
-compliance config.
+`get_events()` runs the full per-event sequence:
+`1E → 0A → 1E(arm token=0xFE) → 0C → 1F(arm) → POLL×3 → 5A → 1F(browse)`.
+SUB 5A bulk stream walks chunks bounded by the `end_offset` extracted from
+the STRT record at byte 17 of the probe response — no over-reading, no
+chunk-count cap. Project / client / operator / sensor location strings come
+from the dedicated metadata pages at counter `0x1002` and `0x1004`,
+read once per session (they reflect the compliance setup at session start,
+not per individual event).
+
+---
+
+## Database
+
+`ach_server.py` writes to `bridges/captures/seismo_relay.db` (SQLite, WAL mode) using the
+`SeismoDb` persistence layer. Four tables, all unit-keyed by serial number:
+
+| Table | Key | Contents |
+|-------|-----|----------|
+| `ach_sessions` | UUID | Per-call-home audit record: serial, timestamp, peer IP, events_downloaded, monitor_entries, duration_seconds |
+| `events` | UUID, UNIQUE(serial, waveform_key) | Triggered events: timestamp, Tran/Vert/Long/VectorSum/Mic PPV, project/client/operator/sensor_location strings, sample_rate, record_type, false_trigger flag |
+| `monitor_log` | UUID, UNIQUE(serial, waveform_key) | Monitoring intervals: serial, waveform_key, start_time, stop_time, duration_seconds, geo_threshold_ips |
+| `events.false_trigger` | Boolean flag | PATCH endpoint to mark/unmark false triggers for review |
+
+Deduplication is by `(serial, waveform_key)` — repeat call-homes or re-runs never
+produce duplicate rows. Post-erase key reuse is handled automatically via the
+high-water mark in `ach_state.json`. Key-based state tracking allows correct
+handling of device erasures (external or post-download).
+
+---
+
+## Connecting over cellular (RV50 / RV55)
+
+Field units connect via Sierra Wireless RV50 or RV55 cellular modems.
+
+### Required ACEmanager settings
+
+| Setting | Value | Why |
+|---------|-------|-----|
+| Configure Serial Port | `38400,8N1` | Must match MiniMate baud rate |
+| Flow Control | `None` | Hardware FC blocks TX if pins unconnected |
+| **Quiet Mode** | **Enable** | **Critical** — disabled injects `RING`/`CONNECT` onto serial, corrupting the S3 handshake |
+| Data Forwarding Timeout | `1` (= 0.1 s) | Lower latency |
+| TCP Connect Response Delay | `0` | Non-zero silently drops the first POLL frame |
+| TCP Idle Timeout | `2` (minutes) | Prevents premature disconnect |
+| DB9 Serial Echo | `Disable` | Echo corrupts the data stream |
 
 ---
 
@@ -204,56 +257,109 @@ compliance config.
 | DLE | `0x10` | Data Link Escape |
 | STX | `0x02` | Start of frame |
 | ETX | `0x03` | End of frame |
-| ACK | `0x41` (`'A'`) | Frame-start marker sent before every frame |
+| ACK | `0x41` | Frame-start marker sent before every BW frame |
 | DLE stuffing | `10 10` on wire | Literal `0x10` in payload |
 
-**S3-side frame** (seismograph → Blastware): `ACK DLE+STX [payload] CHK DLE+ETX`
-
-**De-stuffed payload header:**
-```
-[0] CMD        0x10 = BW request, 0x00 = S3 response
-[1] ?          unknown (0x00 BW / 0x10 S3)
-[2] SUB        Command/response identifier  ← the key field
-[3] PAGE_HI    Page address high byte
-[4] PAGE_LO    Page address low byte
-[5+] DATA      Payload content
-```
-
-**Response SUB rule:** `response_SUB = 0xFF - request_SUB`
-Example: request SUB `0x08` (Event Index) → response SUB `0xF7`
+**Response SUB rule:** `response_SUB = 0xFF - request_SUB` (no exceptions)
 
 Full protocol documentation: [`docs/instantel_protocol_reference.md`](docs/instantel_protocol_reference.md)
 
 ---
 
+## Compliance Config Features
+
+The REST API and web UI expose full control over device compliance settings:
+
+- **Recording Mode** (Single Shot / Continuous / Histogram / Histogram+Continuous)
+- **Sample Rate** (1024 / 2048 / 4096 sps)
+- **Record Time** (float, seconds)
+- **Histogram Interval** (2s, 5s, 15s, 1m, 5m, 15m) — when recording mode includes histogram
+- **Geo Trigger Levels** (float, in/s per channel)
+- **Geo Maximum Range** (Normal 10.000 in/s / Sensitive 1.250 in/s per channel)
+- **Project / Client / Operator / Sensor Location** (ASCII strings)
+
+Auto Call Home config:
+- **Auto Call Home Enable** (bool)
+- **Dial String** (read-only; 40-byte ASCII)
+- **Trigger on Event** (bool)
+- **Scheduled Call-Ins** (two time slots with HH:MM each)
+- **Retry Settings** (count, delay, connection timeout, warm-up time)
+
+---
+
 ## Requirements
 
-```
+```bash
 pip install pyserial fastapi uvicorn
 ```
 
 Python 3.10+. Tkinter is included with the standard Python installer on
-Windows (make sure "tcl/tk and IDLE" is checked during install).
+Windows (check "tcl/tk and IDLE" during install).
 
 ---
 
 ## Virtual COM ports (bridge capture)
 
-The bridge needs two COM ports on the same PC — one that Blastware connects
-to, and one wired to the seismograph. Use a virtual COM port pair
-(**com0com** or **VSPD**) to give Blastware a port to talk to.
-
 ```
 Blastware → COM4 (virtual) ↔ s3_bridge.py ↔ COM5 (physical) → MiniMate Plus
 ```
 
+Use **com0com** or **VSPD** to create the virtual COM pair on Windows.
+
 ---
 
-## Roadmap
+## Key Features
 
-- [x] Event download — pull waveform records from the unit (`1E → 0A → 0C → 5A → 1F`)
-- [x] True event-time metadata — project / client / operator / sensor location from SUB 5A
-- [ ] Write commands — push config changes to the unit (compliance setup, channel config, trigger settings)
-- [ ] ACH inbound server — accept call-home connections from field units
-- [ ] Modem manager — push standard configs to RV50/RV55 fleet via Sierra Wireless API
-- [ ] Full Blastware parity — complete read/write/download cycle without Blastware
+**Device support:**
+- [x] Full read/write/erase pipelines
+- [x] Compliance config (recording mode, sample rate, histogram interval, geo sensitivity, project strings)
+- [x] Auto Call Home config (read/write ACH settings, dial string, time slots, retries)
+- [x] Monitor control (start/stop, status polling, battery/memory)
+- [x] Monitor log entries (continuous monitoring intervals without full waveform download)
+
+**Data persistence:**
+- [x] SQLite database (`seismo_relay.db`) with 4 tables: ach_sessions, events, monitor_log, plus false_trigger flag
+- [x] Deduplication by waveform key (handles re-runs and repeat call-homes)
+- [x] Post-erase key-reuse detection (tracks high-water mark)
+- [x] Session state (`ach_state.json`) with downloaded keys and max key
+
+**REST API:**
+- [x] Live device endpoints with in-memory caching (`_LiveCache`)
+- [x] Cache statistics (`/cache/stats`) and manual invalidation (`/cache/device`)
+- [x] DB query endpoints (units, events, monitor_log, sessions, false_trigger PATCH)
+- [x] Call Home config read/write endpoints
+- [x] Blastware file download endpoint (`/device/event/{index}/blastware_file`)
+
+**File output (v0.7+, byte-perfect as of v0.14.3):**
+- [x] Blastware-compatible `.AB0` / `.G10` file generation (waveform + metadata)
+- [x] Multi-channel waveform decode from SUB 5A bulk stream
+- [x] Second-resolution timestamp encoding in Blastware filename
+- [x] **Byte-perfect against BW reference captures** (verified across 2-sec / 3-sec / 10-sec event durations, both event 0 and event N continuation events)
+- [x] STRT-bounded chunk walk + correct event-N probe counter + partial DLE stuffing of `0x10` in 5A params (the four fixes that landed in v0.14.0–v0.14.3)
+
+**Capture tools:**
+- [x] Serial-to-TCP bridge with raw BW/S3 capture (s3_bridge.py, defaults to auto-capture)
+- [x] GUI bridge with raw capture checkboxes (gui_bridge.py)
+- [x] ACH inbound server with bidirectional capture (ach_server.py saves raw_tx + raw_rx)
+- [x] Transparent TCP MITM proxy for live BW session capture (ach_mitm.py)
+
+**Analysis tools:**
+- [x] s3_analyzer.py — session parser, frame differ, Claude export
+- [x] gui_analyzer.py — standalone analyzer GUI
+- [x] frame_db.py — SQLite frame database for capture analysis
+
+**seismo_lab.py GUI:**
+- [x] Bridge tab — Serial/TCP mode selector with raw capture options
+- [x] Analyzer tab — BW/S3 capture playback and differencing
+- [x] Download tab — Live wire-byte capture during event download
+- [x] Console tab — Logging and diagnostics
+
+## Roadmap (Future)
+
+- [ ] Verify 30-sec event download — body may exceed `0xFFFF` and force the device into a different `end_key` encoding (none of 2/3/10-sec test cases hit this boundary)
+- [ ] Terra-view integration — seismo-relay router, unit detail page, VISON-style event listing
+- [ ] Vibration summary reports — highest legit PPV per project → Word doc (false trigger filtering first)
+- [ ] Compliance config encoder — build raw write payloads from a `ComplianceConfig` object
+- [ ] Modem manager — push RV50/RV55 configs via Sierra Wireless API
+- [ ] Histogram mode recording support (5A stream analysis for mode 0x03)
+- [ ] Call Home dial_string write support (requires DLE escaping for embedded control characters)

bridges/ach_bridge.py

@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+ach_bridge.py — Transparent TCP bridge / splitter for Instantel MiniMate Plus
+                call-home (ACH) traffic.
+
+Modes
+-----
+  standalone   Accept connection, capture frames, do NOT forward anywhere.
+               Good for initial discovery with a test unit.
+
+  bridge       Forward to one upstream server while capturing.
+               Use this for the initial discovery phase with your test server.
+
+  splitter     Forward to the PRIMARY upstream (production ACH server) AND
+               mirror a copy to a SECONDARY server simultaneously.
+               The device never knows — it talks to the primary the whole time.
+               If the mirror fails, the primary connection is unaffected.
+
+               Think of it like a headphone splitter: one input, two outputs.
+               Primary → authoritative responses back to device.
+               Mirror  → gets all device bytes, its responses are discarded.
+
+Usage
+-----
+  # Standalone capture (test/discovery — no forwarding)
+  python bridges/ach_bridge.py --standalone [--port 12345]
+
+  # Bridge mode (forward to one server, e.g. your test server)
+  python bridges/ach_bridge.py --upstream HOST:PORT [--port 12345]
+
+  # Splitter mode (production: forward to prod + mirror to your server)
+  python bridges/ach_bridge.py --upstream PROD_HOST:PORT --mirror MY_HOST:PORT [--port 12345]
+
+Setup for discovery (test server, don't touch prod)
+----------------------------------------------------
+1. Stand up your test ACH server, note its IP and port (e.g. 192.168.1.50:12345).
+2. Take ONE test unit.  In ACEmanager → Call Home, point it at:
+     <this machine's LAN IP> : <--port>
+3. Run:  python bridges/ach_bridge.py --upstream TEST_SERVER:12345 --port 12345
+4. Trigger the unit.  Raw frames are saved to bridges/captures/ach_<ts>/.
+5. Revert the unit's ACEmanager setting when done.
+
+Setup for production splitter (when you're ready)
+-------------------------------------------------
+This does NOT touch the units.  Instead you re-route traffic at the network
+layer so that call-home packets arrive at a machine running this script first.
+Typical approach: update the DNS entry / host record your prod ACH server is
+registered under to point at this machine.  The units keep their existing
+ACEmanager settings.
+
+  python bridges/ach_bridge.py \\
+      --upstream PROD_ACH_HOST:12345 \\
+      --mirror   MY_NEW_SERVER:12345 \\
+      --port     12345
+
+Output (each connection gets its own timestamped sub-directory)
+------
+  bridges/captures/ach_<ts>/
+    raw_client_<ts>.bin   — raw bytes from the device (S3 side)
+    raw_server_<ts>.bin   — raw bytes from the primary upstream (BW side)
+    raw_mirror_<ts>.bin   — raw bytes from the mirror upstream (splitter mode only)
+    session_<ts>.log      — human-readable frame parse log
+    session_<ts>.jsonl    — JSON-lines frame log
+
+raw_client / raw_server are byte-for-byte compatible with parse_capture.py.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import asyncio
+import datetime
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+# Add project root to path
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+
+from minimateplus.framing import S3FrameParser, S3Frame
+
+log = logging.getLogger("ach_bridge")
+
+
+# ── Frame label helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+_KNOWN_RSP_SUBS = {
+    0xA4: "POLL_RSP",
+    0xA5: "BULK_WAVEFORM_RSP",
+    0xE0: "ADVANCE_EVENT_RSP",
+    0xE1: "EVENT_INDEX_FIRST_RSP",
+    0xE3: "MONITOR_STATUS_RSP",
+    0xEA: "SERIAL_NUM_RSP",
+    0xF3: "WAVEFORM_RECORD_RSP",
+    0xF5: "WAVEFORM_HEADER_RSP",
+    0xF7: "EVENT_INDEX_RSP",
+    0xF9: "UNK_06_RSP",
+    0xFE: "DEVICE_INFO_RSP",
+    # Write acks
+    0x97: "EVT_IDX_WRITE_ACK",
+    0x8C: "CONFIRM_B_ACK",
+    0x8E: "COMPLIANCE_WRITE_ACK",
+    0x8D: "CONFIRM_A_ACK",
+    0x7D: "TRIGGER_WRITE_ACK",
+    0x7C: "TRIGGER_CONFIRM_ACK",
+    0x96: "WAVEFORM_WRITE_ACK",
+    0x8B: "CONFIRM_C_ACK",
+    0x69: "START_MONITOR_ACK",
+    0x68: "STOP_MONITOR_ACK",
+}
+
+_KNOWN_REQ_SUBS = {
+    0x5B: "POLL",
+    0x5A: "BULK_WAVEFORM",
+    0x1F: "ADVANCE_EVENT",
+    0x1E: "EVENT_INDEX_FIRST",
+    0x1C: "MONITOR_STATUS",
+    0x15: "SERIAL_NUM",
+    0x0C: "WAVEFORM_RECORD",
+    0x0A: "WAVEFORM_HEADER",
+    0x08: "EVENT_INDEX",
+    0x06: "UNK_06",
+    0x01: "DEVICE_INFO",
+    # Write commands
+    0x68: "EVT_IDX_WRITE",
+    0x73: "CONFIRM_B",
+    0x71: "COMPLIANCE_WRITE",
+    0x72: "CONFIRM_A",
+    0x82: "TRIGGER_WRITE",
+    0x83: "TRIGGER_CONFIRM",
+    0x69: "WAVEFORM_WRITE",
+    0x74: "CONFIRM_C",
+    0x96: "START_MONITOR",
+    0x97: "STOP_MONITOR",
+}
+
+
+def _label_s3_frame(frame: S3Frame) -> str:
+    name = _KNOWN_RSP_SUBS.get(frame.sub, f"UNK_0x{frame.sub:02X}")
+    chk = "✓" if frame.checksum_valid else "✗CHK"
+    return (
+        f"S3→  SUB=0x{frame.sub:02X} ({name}) "
+        f"page=0x{frame.page_key:04X} data={len(frame.data)}B {chk}"
+    )
+
+
+def _label_bw_frame(data: bytes, prefix: str = "  →BW") -> str:
+    """Best-effort label for a raw BW request frame (wire bytes)."""
+    # Wire layout: 41 02 10 10 00 sub ...
+    if len(data) < 6:
+        return f"{prefix}  (short {len(data)}B)"
+    sub = data[5]
+    name = _KNOWN_REQ_SUBS.get(sub, f"UNK_0x{sub:02X}")
+    return f"{prefix}  SUB=0x{sub:02X} ({name}) {len(data)}B"
+
+
+# ── Per-session capture writer ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class CaptureSession:
+    """Writes raw bytes + parsed log for one TCP connection."""
+
+    def __init__(self, capture_dir: Path, peer: str, *, has_mirror: bool = False):
+        ts = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+        self.dir = capture_dir / f"ach_{ts}"
+        self.dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        self.peer = peer
+
+        self._raw_client = open(self.dir / f"raw_client_{ts}.bin", "wb")
+        self._raw_server = open(self.dir / f"raw_server_{ts}.bin", "wb")
+        self._raw_mirror = (
+            open(self.dir / f"raw_mirror_{ts}.bin", "wb") if has_mirror else None
+        )
+        self._log_fh   = open(self.dir / f"session_{ts}.log",   "w")
+        self._jsonl_fh = open(self.dir / f"session_{ts}.jsonl", "w")
+
+        self._s3_parser = S3FrameParser()
+        self._frame_count       = 0
+        self._byte_count_client = 0
+        self._byte_count_server = 0
+        self._byte_count_mirror = 0
+
+        self._log(
+            f"# ACH capture — peer={peer}  "
+            f"mirror={'yes' if has_mirror else 'no'}  "
+            f"started={datetime.datetime.now().isoformat()}"
+        )
+        self._log(f"# Output dir: {self.dir}")
+        log.info("Capture session opened: %s (peer=%s)", self.dir, peer)
+
+    # ── public API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def feed_client(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """Bytes FROM the device (S3 response frames)."""
+        self._raw_client.write(data)
+        self._raw_client.flush()
+        self._byte_count_client += len(data)
+
+        for byte in data:
+            frame = self._s3_parser.feed(bytes([byte]))
+            if frame:
+                frames = frame if isinstance(frame, list) else [frame]
+                for f in frames:
+                    self._frame_count += 1
+                    label = _label_s3_frame(f)
+                    self._log(f"[{self._frame_count:04d}] {label}")
+                    self._log(
+                        f"       hex: {f.data[:64].hex()}"
+                        + (" ..." if len(f.data) > 64 else "")
+                    )
+                    self._emit_json("s3", f)
+
+    def feed_server(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """Bytes FROM the primary upstream server (BW request frames)."""
+        self._raw_server.write(data)
+        self._raw_server.flush()
+        self._byte_count_server += len(data)
+        label = _label_bw_frame(data, prefix="  →BW[primary]")
+        self._log(f"       {label}")
+
+    def feed_mirror(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """Bytes FROM the mirror server (logged, not forwarded to device)."""
+        if self._raw_mirror:
+            self._raw_mirror.write(data)
+            self._raw_mirror.flush()
+        self._byte_count_mirror += len(data)
+        label = _label_bw_frame(data, prefix="  →BW[mirror] ")
+        self._log(f"       {label}  [MIRROR — not sent to device]")
+
+    def close(self, reason: str = "connection closed") -> None:
+        self._log(f"# Session ended: {reason}")
+        self._log(
+            f"# Totals — client={self._byte_count_client}B  "
+            f"server={self._byte_count_server}B  "
+            f"mirror={self._byte_count_mirror}B  "
+            f"s3_frames={self._frame_count}"
+        )
+        handles = [self._raw_client, self._raw_server, self._log_fh, self._jsonl_fh]
+        if self._raw_mirror:
+            handles.append(self._raw_mirror)
+        for fh in handles:
+            try:
+                fh.close()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        log.info(
+            "Session closed (%s): %dB client, %dB server, %dB mirror, %d S3 frames → %s",
+            reason,
+            self._byte_count_client, self._byte_count_server,
+            self._byte_count_mirror, self._frame_count,
+            self.dir,
+        )
+
+    # ── internals ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def _log(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        print(msg, file=self._log_fh, flush=True)
+        print(msg)
+
+    def _emit_json(self, direction: str, frame: S3Frame) -> None:
+        record = {
+            "dir":            direction,
+            "sub":            frame.sub,
+            "page_key":       frame.page_key,
+            "data_len":       len(frame.data),
+            "data_hex":       frame.data.hex(),
+            "checksum_valid": frame.checksum_valid,
+        }
+        print(json.dumps(record), file=self._jsonl_fh, flush=True)
+
+
+# ── Bridge / splitter connection handler ──────────────────────────────────────
+
+class BridgeHandler:
+    """
+    Handles inbound device connections.
+
+    Modes (determined by which upstreams are configured):
+      standalone  — no upstream_host / no mirror_host
+      bridge      — upstream_host set, no mirror_host
+      splitter    — upstream_host AND mirror_host both set
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        capture_dir:   Path,
+        upstream_host: Optional[str],
+        upstream_port: Optional[int],
+        mirror_host:   Optional[str] = None,
+        mirror_port:   Optional[int] = None,
+    ):
+        self.capture_dir   = capture_dir
+        self.upstream_host = upstream_host
+        self.upstream_port = upstream_port
+        self.mirror_host   = mirror_host
+        self.mirror_port   = mirror_port
+
+    async def handle(
+        self,
+        client_reader: asyncio.StreamReader,
+        client_writer: asyncio.StreamWriter,
+    ) -> None:
+        peer = client_writer.get_extra_info("peername", ("?", 0))
+        peer_str = f"{peer[0]}:{peer[1]}"
+        log.info("Inbound connection from %s", peer_str)
+
+        has_mirror = bool(self.mirror_host)
+        session = CaptureSession(self.capture_dir, peer_str, has_mirror=has_mirror)
+
+        if not self.upstream_host:
+            # ── Standalone mode ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+            log.info("Standalone mode — recording inbound traffic only")
+            try:
+                while True:
+                    data = await client_reader.read(4096)
+                    if not data:
+                        break
+                    session.feed_client(data)
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                pass
+            except Exception as exc:
+                log.warning("Standalone read error: %s", exc)
+            finally:
+                session.close("standalone capture ended")
+                try:
+                    client_writer.close()
+                    await client_writer.wait_closed()
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+            return
+
+        # ── Bridge / splitter mode ───────────────────────────────────────────
+        # Connect to primary upstream (required)
+        try:
+            up_reader, up_writer = await asyncio.open_connection(
+                self.upstream_host, self.upstream_port
+            )
+            log.info("Connected to primary %s:%s", self.upstream_host, self.upstream_port)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            log.error("Failed to connect to primary upstream: %s", exc)
+            session.close(f"primary connect failed: {exc}")
+            client_writer.close()
+            return
+
+        # Connect to mirror upstream (optional — failure is non-fatal)
+        mir_reader: Optional[asyncio.StreamReader] = None
+        mir_writer: Optional[asyncio.StreamWriter] = None
+        if self.mirror_host:
+            try:
+                mir_reader, mir_writer = await asyncio.open_connection(
+                    self.mirror_host, self.mirror_port
+                )
+                log.info("Connected to mirror %s:%s", self.mirror_host, self.mirror_port)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                log.warning(
+                    "Mirror connect failed — continuing without mirror: %s", exc
+                )
+                session._log(f"# WARNING: mirror connect failed: {exc}")
+
+        # Build relay tasks
+        #
+        # ┌──────────┐  device bytes  ┌─────────────┐
+        # │  Device  │ ─────────────► │   PRIMARY   │  responses ──► device
+        # └──────────┘                └─────────────┘
+        #      │
+        #      │ device bytes (copy)
+        #      ▼
+        # ┌─────────────┐
+        # │   MIRROR    │  responses discarded (logged only)
+        # └─────────────┘
+        #
+        tasks = [
+            asyncio.create_task(
+                self._relay_device(client_reader, up_writer, mir_writer, session),
+                name="device→upstreams",
+            ),
+            asyncio.create_task(
+                self._relay_simple(up_reader, client_writer, session, "server"),
+                name="primary→device",
+            ),
+        ]
+        if mir_reader is not None:
+            tasks.append(asyncio.create_task(
+                self._relay_drain(mir_reader, session),
+                name="mirror→drain",
+            ))
+
+        try:
+            # Wait for the device-to-upstreams relay to exit first (device
+            # disconnected or primary dropped).  Then cancel the rest.
+            done, pending = await asyncio.wait(
+                tasks,
+                return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED,
+            )
+            for t in pending:
+                t.cancel()
+                try:
+                    await t
+                except (asyncio.CancelledError, Exception):
+                    pass
+        except Exception as exc:
+            log.warning("Bridge relay error: %s", exc)
+        finally:
+            session.close("relay ended")
+            for writer in filter(None, [client_writer, up_writer, mir_writer]):
+                try:
+                    writer.close()
+                    await writer.wait_closed()
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+
+    # ── Relay helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async def _relay_device(
+        self,
+        reader:       asyncio.StreamReader,
+        primary_writer: asyncio.StreamWriter,
+        mirror_writer:  Optional[asyncio.StreamWriter],
+        session:      CaptureSession,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Read bytes from the device, write to the primary server, and also
+        write a copy to the mirror server (if connected).  Mirror write
+        failures are non-fatal — we log and continue.
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                data = await reader.read(4096)
+                if not data:
+                    break
+                session.feed_client(data)
+
+                # Primary write — failure IS fatal (lose primary = lose prod)
+                primary_writer.write(data)
+                await primary_writer.drain()
+
+                # Mirror write — failure is non-fatal
+                if mirror_writer is not None:
+                    try:
+                        mirror_writer.write(data)
+                        await mirror_writer.drain()
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        log.warning("Mirror write failed (non-fatal): %s", exc)
+                        session._log(f"# WARNING: mirror write failed: {exc}")
+                        mirror_writer = None  # stop trying
+
+        except (asyncio.IncompleteReadError, ConnectionResetError, BrokenPipeError):
+            pass
+
+    async def _relay_simple(
+        self,
+        reader:    asyncio.StreamReader,
+        writer:    asyncio.StreamWriter,
+        session:   CaptureSession,
+        direction: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Standard single-pipe relay (primary→device or vice-versa)."""
+        try:
+            while True:
+                data = await reader.read(4096)
+                if not data:
+                    break
+                if direction == "server":
+                    session.feed_server(data)
+                else:
+                    session.feed_client(data)
+                writer.write(data)
+                await writer.drain()
+        except (asyncio.IncompleteReadError, ConnectionResetError, BrokenPipeError):
+            pass
+
+    async def _relay_drain(
+        self,
+        reader:  asyncio.StreamReader,
+        session: CaptureSession,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Read mirror server responses, log them to session, do NOT forward to
+        device.  The device only ever sees primary server responses.
+        """
+        try:
+            while True:
+                data = await reader.read(4096)
+                if not data:
+                    break
+                session.feed_mirror(data)
+        except (asyncio.IncompleteReadError, ConnectionResetError, BrokenPipeError):
+            pass
+
+
+# ── Main ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+async def main(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
+    capture_dir = Path(__file__).parent / "captures"
+    capture_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    upstream_host: Optional[str] = None
+    upstream_port: Optional[int] = None
+    mirror_host:   Optional[str] = None
+    mirror_port:   Optional[int] = None
+
+    if not args.standalone:
+        if not args.upstream:
+            print("ERROR: --upstream HOST:PORT is required unless --standalone is set.")
+            sys.exit(1)
+        parts = args.upstream.rsplit(":", 1)
+        if len(parts) != 2:
+            print("ERROR: --upstream must be HOST:PORT (e.g. 203.0.113.5:12345)")
+            sys.exit(1)
+        upstream_host = parts[0]
+        upstream_port = int(parts[1])
+
+    if args.mirror:
+        parts = args.mirror.rsplit(":", 1)
+        if len(parts) != 2:
+            print("ERROR: --mirror must be HOST:PORT (e.g. 192.168.1.50:12345)")
+            sys.exit(1)
+        mirror_host = parts[0]
+        mirror_port = int(parts[1])
+
+    handler = BridgeHandler(
+        capture_dir,
+        upstream_host, upstream_port,
+        mirror_host,   mirror_port,
+    )
+
+    server = await asyncio.start_server(
+        handler.handle,
+        host="0.0.0.0",
+        port=args.port,
+    )
+
+    # ── Startup banner ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    if args.standalone:
+        mode = "STANDALONE capture (no forwarding)"
+    elif mirror_host:
+        mode = f"SPLITTER  primary={upstream_host}:{upstream_port}  mirror={mirror_host}:{mirror_port}"
+    else:
+        mode = f"BRIDGE → {upstream_host}:{upstream_port}"
+
+    addrs = ", ".join(str(s.getsockname()) for s in server.sockets)
+    print(f"\n{'='*70}")
+    print(f"  ACH bridge/splitter  listening on {addrs}")
+    print(f"  Mode:  {mode}")
+    print(f"  Captures: {capture_dir}/ach_<timestamp>/")
+    print(f"{'='*70}")
+
+    if upstream_host and not mirror_host:
+        print(f"\n  DISCOVERY PHASE")
+        print(f"  Point your TEST unit's ACEmanager call-home destination to:")
+        print(f"    <this machine's LAN IP> : {args.port}")
+        print(f"  All traffic will be forwarded to {upstream_host}:{upstream_port}")
+    elif mirror_host:
+        print(f"\n  SPLITTER MODE — PRODUCTION SAFE")
+        print(f"  Units connect as normal.  Every byte is forwarded to:")
+        print(f"    PRIMARY (authoritative): {upstream_host}:{upstream_port}")
+        print(f"    MIRROR  (your server):   {mirror_host}:{mirror_port}")
+        print(f"  Only PRIMARY responses reach the device.")
+        print(f"  Mirror failures are logged and do not affect the device.")
+    else:
+        print(f"\n  STANDALONE MODE — capture only, nothing forwarded")
+        print(f"  Point a unit at <this machine's LAN IP> : {args.port}")
+
+    print(f"\n  Waiting for inbound connections...  (Ctrl-C to stop)\n")
+
+    async with server:
+        await server.serve_forever()
+
+
+def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=(
+            "Transparent TCP bridge / splitter for Instantel MiniMate Plus "
+            "call-home (ACH) traffic."
+        ),
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+        epilog=__doc__,
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--upstream", "-u",
+        metavar="HOST:PORT",
+        help=(
+            "Primary upstream ACH server to forward to "
+            "(e.g. 203.0.113.5:12345). "
+            "Omit with --standalone for capture-only mode."
+        ),
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--mirror", "-m",
+        metavar="HOST:PORT",
+        help=(
+            "Mirror / secondary server to receive a copy of all device bytes "
+            "(splitter mode).  Mirror responses are logged but NOT forwarded "
+            "to the device.  Mirror failures are non-fatal."
+        ),
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--port", "-p",
+        type=int,
+        default=12345,
+        help="Local port to listen on (default: 12345).",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--standalone", "-s",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Capture-only mode: accept connection, do not forward anywhere.",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--verbose", "-v",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Enable debug logging.",
+    )
+    return p.parse_args()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    args = parse_args()
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level=logging.DEBUG if args.verbose else logging.INFO,
+        format="%(asctime)s  %(levelname)-7s  %(name)s  %(message)s",
+    )
+    try:
+        asyncio.run(main(args))
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nStopped.")

bridges/ach_mitm.py

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+ach_mitm.py — TCP man-in-the-middle proxy for capturing Blastware ACH sessions.
+
+The unit calls home to THIS proxy instead of directly to Blastware.  The proxy
+forwards every byte in both directions to the real Blastware ACH server and saves
+the traffic to separate raw capture files that the Analyzer can load directly.
+
+Setup
+-----
+  1.  Start Blastware's ACH server on the BW PC as normal (it listens on its port).
+  2.  Run this proxy on any machine the unit can reach:
+
+        python bridges/ach_mitm.py --bw-host 192.168.1.50 --bw-port 9999
+
+  3.  Point the unit's ACEmanager call-home destination to THIS machine's IP and
+      the --listen-port (default 9999).
+  4.  Trigger a call-home (or wait for the unit to call in).
+  5.  The proxy transparently forwards everything and saves two files per session:
+
+        ach_mitm_<ts>/raw_bw_<ts>.bin   -- bytes Blastware sent to unit (BW TX)
+        ach_mitm_<ts>/raw_s3_<ts>.bin   -- bytes unit sent to Blastware (S3 TX)
+
+  Both files load directly in the Analyzer (File > Open Capture).
+
+  The proxy exits cleanly when either side drops the connection.
+
+Use case: capturing Blastware operations we haven't reverse-engineered yet,
+e.g. event deletion, factory reset, firmware update.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import datetime
+import logging
+import socket
+import sys
+import threading
+from pathlib import Path
+
+log = logging.getLogger("ach_mitm")
+
+
+def _pipe(src: socket.socket, dst: socket.socket, label: str, outfile) -> None:
+    """Forward bytes from src to dst, writing everything to outfile."""
+    try:
+        while True:
+            data = src.recv(4096)
+            if not data:
+                break
+            dst.sendall(data)
+            outfile.write(data)
+            outfile.flush()
+            log.debug("%s  %d bytes", label, len(data))
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+    finally:
+        log.info("%s  pipe closed", label)
+        # Signal the other direction to stop by shutting down our end.
+        try:
+            dst.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+        except OSError:
+            pass
+
+
+def handle(unit_sock: socket.socket, peer: str, bw_host: str, bw_port: int,
+           output_dir: Path) -> None:
+    ts = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+    session_dir = output_dir / f"ach_mitm_{ts}"
+    session_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    log.info("Session %s  unit=%s  forwarding to %s:%d", ts, peer, bw_host, bw_port)
+
+    # Connect upstream to Blastware.
+    bw_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    try:
+        bw_sock.connect((bw_host, bw_port))
+    except OSError as exc:
+        log.error("Cannot reach Blastware at %s:%d: %s", bw_host, bw_port, exc)
+        unit_sock.close()
+        return
+
+    log.info("Connected to Blastware at %s:%d", bw_host, bw_port)
+
+    bw_path   = session_dir / f"raw_bw_{ts}.bin"   # Blastware → unit  (BW TX)
+    s3_path   = session_dir / f"raw_s3_{ts}.bin"   # unit → Blastware  (S3 TX)
+
+    with open(bw_path, "wb") as bw_fh, open(s3_path, "wb") as s3_fh:
+        # Two threads: one per direction.
+        t_bw = threading.Thread(
+            target=_pipe, args=(bw_sock, unit_sock, "BW->unit", bw_fh), daemon=True
+        )
+        t_s3 = threading.Thread(
+            target=_pipe, args=(unit_sock, bw_sock, "unit->BW", s3_fh), daemon=True
+        )
+        t_bw.start()
+        t_s3.start()
+        t_bw.join()
+        t_s3.join()
+
+    bw_bytes = bw_path.stat().st_size
+    s3_bytes = s3_path.stat().st_size
+    log.info(
+        "Session %s done  BW->unit: %d bytes  unit->BW: %d bytes  -> %s",
+        ts, bw_bytes, s3_bytes, session_dir,
+    )
+
+    unit_sock.close()
+    bw_sock.close()
+
+
+def serve(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
+    output_dir = Path(args.output)
+    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+    server.bind(("0.0.0.0", args.listen_port))
+    server.listen(5)
+    server.settimeout(1.0)
+
+    print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+    print(f"  ACH MITM proxy")
+    print(f"  Listening on     0.0.0.0:{args.listen_port}")
+    print(f"  Forwarding to    {args.bw_host}:{args.bw_port}")
+    print(f"  Captures in      {output_dir.resolve()}/ach_mitm_<ts>/")
+    print(f"{'='*60}")
+    print(f"\n  Point the unit's ACEmanager call-home to this machine on port {args.listen_port}")
+    print(f"  Ctrl-C to stop\n")
+
+    try:
+        while True:
+            try:
+                client_sock, addr = server.accept()
+            except socket.timeout:
+                continue
+            peer = f"{addr[0]}:{addr[1]}"
+            log.info("Accepted connection from %s", peer)
+            t = threading.Thread(
+                target=handle,
+                args=(client_sock, peer, args.bw_host, args.bw_port, output_dir),
+                daemon=True,
+            )
+            t.start()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nStopping.")
+    finally:
+        server.close()
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__,
+                                 formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
+    ap.add_argument("--bw-host",     required=True,
+                    help="IP or hostname of the Blastware ACH server")
+    ap.add_argument("--bw-port",     type=int, default=9999,
+                    help="Port Blastware is listening on (default: 9999)")
+    ap.add_argument("--listen-port", type=int, default=9999,
+                    help="Port this proxy listens on (default: 9999)")
+    ap.add_argument("--output",      default="bridges/captures/mitm",
+                    help="Directory for capture files")
+    ap.add_argument("--log-level",   default="INFO",
+                    choices=["DEBUG", "INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR"])
+    args = ap.parse_args()
+
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level=getattr(logging, args.log_level),
+        format="%(asctime)s  %(levelname)-7s  %(name)s  %(message)s",
+        stream=sys.stdout,
+    )
+
+    serve(args)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

bridges/ach_server.py

@@ -0,0 +1,903 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+ach_server.py — Minimal inbound ACH (Auto Call Home) server for MiniMate Plus.
+
+This IS your test server.  Run it on any machine on the same network, point a
+unit's ACEmanager call-home destination at it, and it will speak the full BW
+protocol to the device: handshake, pull device info, download all events, save
+everything as JSON.
+
+The key thing this script tells you that no amount of packet sniffing can:
+  - Does the device speak first (push) or wait for us to send POLL (pull)?
+
+If startup() completes normally → it's pull protocol, same as Blastware.
+If startup() times out → the device sent something first; check raw_rx.bin.
+
+Usage
+-----
+  python bridges/ach_server.py [--port 12345] [--output bridges/captures/]
+
+Setup
+-----
+  1.  Run this script on a machine on your local network.
+  2.  In ACEmanager → Application → ALEOS Application Framework  (or equivalent)
+      find the Call Home / ACH settings.  Set:
+        Remote Host: <this machine's LAN IP>
+        Remote Port: 12345
+  3.  Trigger the unit (wait for a vibration event, or use the manual call-home
+      button if your firmware version has one).
+  4.  The unit connects.  This script handshakes, downloads all events,
+      and saves a timestamped session directory.
+
+Output per session
+------------------
+  bridges/captures/ach_inbound_<ts>/
+    device_info.json   — serial number, firmware version, calibration date, etc.
+    events.json        — all events: timestamp, PPV per channel, peaks, metadata
+    raw_rx_<ts>.bin    — raw bytes from the device (S3 side) for Analyzer
+    raw_tx_<ts>.bin    — raw bytes we sent to the device (BW side) for Analyzer
+    session_<ts>.log   — detailed protocol log
+
+What to look for
+----------------
+  Push vs pull: Check session_<ts>.log.  If the first line after "Connected"
+    shows bytes arriving BEFORE the POLL probe was sent, it's push.  If POLL
+    gets a clean response, it's pull.
+
+  Frequency: Look at raw_rx.bin in the Analyzer.  SUB 5A (0xA5 responses) carry
+    bulk waveform data — if frequency is sent pre-computed there will be float32
+    values before the ADC sample blocks.
+
+  ACH-specific framing: Does the unit send anything extra before the DLE+STX
+    framing starts?  raw_rx.bin will show raw bytes including any preamble.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import datetime
+import json
+import logging
+import socket
+import sys
+import threading
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+
+from minimateplus.transport import SocketTransport
+from minimateplus.client import MiniMateClient
+from minimateplus.models import DeviceInfo, Event, MonitorLogEntry
+from sfm.database import SeismoDb
+from sfm.waveform_store import WaveformStore
+
+log = logging.getLogger("ach_server")
+
+# ── Per-unit state (downloaded events index) ──────────────────────────────────
+# Persisted as <output_dir>/ach_state.json
+# Format (current — v2):
+#   {
+#     "BE11529": {
+#       "downloaded_events": {              # key_hex → ISO timestamp string
+#         "01110000": "2026-04-11T00:42:17",
+#         "0111245a": "2026-04-11T01:04:30"
+#       },
+#       "max_downloaded_key": "0111245a",
+#       "last_seen": "2026-04-11T01:04:36",
+#       "serial":    "BE11529",
+#       "peer":      "63.43.212.232:51920"
+#     }
+#   }
+#
+# Why (key, timestamp) and not key alone:
+#   The device's event-key counter resets to 0x01110000 after every memory
+#   erase (internal or external).  A bare-key dedup (the v1 format) cannot
+#   distinguish a re-recorded event with the same key from one we already
+#   downloaded.  The 0C waveform record's timestamp IS unique per physical
+#   event, so we pair (key, timestamp) and treat a key with a different
+#   timestamp as a new event regardless of `max_downloaded_key`.
+#
+# Legacy v1 format (`downloaded_keys: list[str]` only) is auto-migrated on
+# read: the keys are kept under a sentinel of "" (empty string) timestamp so
+# the (key, timestamp) compare always sees a mismatch and forces a one-time
+# re-download.  After that pass the state is rewritten in v2 form.
+
+_state_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+
+def _load_state(state_path: Path) -> dict:
+    """
+    Load ach_state.json, transparently migrating any legacy
+    `downloaded_keys: list` entries into the v2 `downloaded_events: dict`
+    schema.  Returns the migrated state.
+    """
+    if not state_path.exists():
+        return {}
+    try:
+        with open(state_path) as f:
+            state = json.load(f)
+    except Exception:
+        return {}
+
+    # Per-unit migration: legacy list → dict-with-empty-timestamps
+    for unit_key, unit_state in list(state.items()):
+        if not isinstance(unit_state, dict):
+            continue
+        if "downloaded_events" in unit_state:
+            continue
+        legacy_keys = unit_state.get("downloaded_keys")
+        if isinstance(legacy_keys, list):
+            unit_state["downloaded_events"] = {k: "" for k in legacy_keys}
+            log.info(
+                "ach_state: migrated %s from v1 (downloaded_keys list) → v2 "
+                "(downloaded_events dict, %d keys with empty timestamps; "
+                "they will re-validate on next session)",
+                unit_key, len(legacy_keys),
+            )
+        else:
+            unit_state["downloaded_events"] = {}
+        # keep legacy field for one cycle; cleared on next save
+        unit_state.pop("downloaded_keys", None)
+
+    return state
+
+
+def _save_state(state_path: Path, state: dict) -> None:
+    with _state_lock:
+        with open(state_path, "w") as f:
+            json.dump(state, f, indent=2)
+
+
+# ── Per-session handler ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class AchSession:
+    """
+    Handles one inbound unit connection in its own thread.
+    Wraps the socket in a SocketTransport → MiniMateClient, then runs the
+    standard connect → get_device_info → get_events sequence.
+
+    State tracking (ach_state.json in output_dir):
+      On each successful download we record the SET of event keys downloaded.
+      On the next call-home we compare: if all device keys are already in the
+      set, there's nothing new.  If any key is new (including after the device
+      was wiped and re-recorded), we download and save only those events.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sock: socket.socket,
+        peer: str,
+        output_dir: Path,
+        timeout: float,
+        events_only: bool,
+        max_events: Optional[int],
+        state_path: Path,
+        db: "SeismoDb",
+        store: "WaveformStore",
+        clear_after_download: bool = False,
+        restart_monitoring: bool = False,
+        force_redownload: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.sock                 = sock
+        self.peer                 = peer
+        self.output_dir           = output_dir
+        self.timeout              = timeout
+        self.events_only          = events_only
+        self.max_events           = max_events
+        self.state_path           = state_path
+        self.db                   = db
+        self.store                = store
+        self.clear_after_download = clear_after_download
+        self.restart_monitoring   = restart_monitoring
+        # `force_redownload` tells this session to ignore ach_state and
+        # re-download every event currently on the device, regardless of any
+        # (key, timestamp) match.  Useful as a manual override when state has
+        # become inconsistent with what's actually on disk / in the DB.
+        self.force_redownload     = force_redownload
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        ts = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+
+        # Session dir and file handler are created lazily — only after startup
+        # succeeds.  This prevents internet scanners and dropped connections from
+        # littering the output directory with empty session folders.
+        try:
+            self._run_inner(ts)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            log.error("Session failed (%s): %s", self.peer, exc, exc_info=True)
+        finally:
+            try:
+                self.sock.close()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+    def _run_inner(self, ts: str) -> None:
+        transport = SocketTransport(self.sock, peer=self.peer)
+
+        # Collect raw bytes in memory until startup succeeds, then flush to disk.
+        raw_rx_buf: list[bytes] = []   # device → us  (S3 side)
+        raw_tx_buf: list[bytes] = []   # us → device  (BW side)
+        _orig_read  = transport.read
+        _orig_write = transport.write
+
+        def tapped_read(n: int) -> bytes:
+            data = _orig_read(n)
+            if data:
+                raw_rx_buf.append(data)
+            return data
+
+        def tapped_write(data: bytes) -> None:
+            _orig_write(data)
+            if data:
+                raw_tx_buf.append(data)
+
+        transport.read  = tapped_read   # type: ignore[method-assign]
+        transport.write = tapped_write  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+
+        serial: Optional[str] = None
+
+        # ── Step 1: startup handshake ─────────────────────────────────────────
+        # Do this BEFORE creating the session directory so that scanner probes
+        # and dropped connections leave no trace on disk.
+        try:
+            from minimateplus.protocol import MiniMateProtocol
+            client = MiniMateClient(transport=transport, timeout=self.timeout)
+            client.open()
+            proto = MiniMateProtocol(transport, recv_timeout=self.timeout)
+            proto.startup()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            log.warning("Startup failed from %s: %s -- ignoring", self.peer, exc)
+            return  # no session dir created
+
+        # Startup succeeded — this is a real unit.  Create session dir now.
+        session_dir = self.output_dir / f"ach_inbound_{ts}"
+        session_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        log_path   = session_dir / f"session_{ts}.log"
+        raw_rx_path = session_dir / f"raw_rx_{ts}.bin"   # device → us  (S3 side)
+        raw_tx_path = session_dir / f"raw_tx_{ts}.bin"   # us → device  (BW side)
+
+        # Flush buffered bytes to files and switch to direct file writes.
+        raw_rx_fh = open(raw_rx_path, "wb")
+        raw_tx_fh = open(raw_tx_path, "wb")
+        for chunk in raw_rx_buf:
+            raw_rx_fh.write(chunk)
+        for chunk in raw_tx_buf:
+            raw_tx_fh.write(chunk)
+        raw_rx_buf.clear()
+        raw_tx_buf.clear()
+
+        def tapped_read_file(n: int) -> bytes:
+            data = _orig_read(n)
+            if data:
+                raw_rx_fh.write(data)
+                raw_rx_fh.flush()
+            return data
+
+        def tapped_write_file(data: bytes) -> None:
+            _orig_write(data)
+            if data:
+                raw_tx_fh.write(data)
+                raw_tx_fh.flush()
+
+        transport.read  = tapped_read_file   # type: ignore[method-assign]
+        transport.write = tapped_write_file  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+
+        # Wire up file handler now that the session dir exists.
+        fh = logging.FileHandler(log_path, encoding="utf-8")
+        fh.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s  %(levelname)-7s  %(name)s  %(message)s"))
+        root_logger = logging.getLogger()
+        root_logger.addHandler(fh)
+
+        try:
+            # ── Step 2: device info ───────────────────────────────────────────
+            device_info = None
+            if not self.events_only:
+                log.info("Step 2/3: reading device info")
+                try:
+                    device_info = client.connect()
+                    serial = device_info.serial
+                    _save_json(session_dir / "device_info.json", _device_info_to_dict(device_info))
+                    log.info(
+                        "  [OK] Device: serial=%s  firmware=%s  model=%s  events=%d",
+                        serial,
+                        device_info.firmware_version,
+                        device_info.model,
+                        device_info.event_count or 0,
+                    )
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    log.error("  [FAIL] Device info failed: %s", exc)
+            else:
+                log.info("Step 2/3: skipping device info (--events-only)")
+
+            # ── Step 3: check for new events by comparing key sets ────────────
+            log.info("Step 3/3: checking for new events")
+
+            state = _load_state(self.state_path)
+            unit_key = serial or self.peer  # fall back to IP if no serial
+            unit_state = state.get(unit_key, {})
+
+            # downloaded_events is the v2 (key_hex → timestamp_iso) dict.
+            # Empty-string timestamps are migrated v1 entries — they force a
+            # one-time re-download because the (key, timestamp) compare always
+            # mismatches against any non-empty timestamp from a fresh 0C read.
+            seen_events: dict[str, str] = dict(unit_state.get("downloaded_events", {}))
+            max_seen_key: str = unit_state.get("max_downloaded_key", "00000000")
+
+            if self.force_redownload:
+                log.info("  --force-redownload-all set — ignoring %d cached "
+                         "(key, timestamp) entries for this session",
+                         len(seen_events))
+                seen_events = {}
+
+            # Walk the event index (browse-mode, no 5A) to get the actual current
+            # key list.  The SUB 08 event_count field is a lifetime "total events
+            # ever recorded" counter that does NOT decrement on erase — confirmed
+            # 2026-04-13.  list_event_keys() via the 1E/1F chain is the only
+            # reliable way to know what is actually stored on the device right now.
+            log.info("  Checking device key list (browse walk, no waveform download)...")
+            try:
+                device_keys = client.list_event_keys()
+            except Exception as exc:
+                log.warning("  list_event_keys failed: %s -- falling back to full download", exc)
+                device_keys = None
+
+            current_count = len(device_keys) if device_keys is not None else 0
+
+            log.info("  Unit has %d stored event(s); %d (key, ts) entr(ies) previously downloaded",
+                     current_count, len(seen_events))
+
+            if device_keys is not None and current_count == 0:
+                log.info("  [OK] No events on device -- nothing to download")
+                log.info("Session complete (no events) -> %s", session_dir)
+                return
+
+            if device_keys is not None:
+                # ── Post-erase detection (best-effort, key-only signal) ───────
+                # After erase the device's key counter resets to 01110000.
+                # If the device's current max key is below our high-water mark
+                # we know erase happened.  This catches the cleanest case but
+                # does NOT catch erase-then-record-many-events (where the new
+                # max may climb past the old max).  The (key, timestamp) check
+                # in get_events() is what handles those.
+                if device_keys and max_seen_key != "00000000":
+                    max_device_key = max(device_keys)
+                    if max_device_key < max_seen_key:
+                        log.info(
+                            "  Post-erase reset detected: "
+                            "device max key %s < historical max %s "
+                            "-- discarding stale (key, ts) state for this session",
+                            max_device_key, max_seen_key,
+                        )
+                        seen_events = {}
+
+                # Note: no early-exit "all already downloaded" short-circuit
+                # here.  Without per-event timestamps we cannot tell whether
+                # device_keys ⊆ seen_events.keys() actually means we have
+                # those physical events.  get_events() will read 0C on its
+                # skip path and decide per event.
+
+            # Apply max_events cap
+            # stop_idx: when we know the count from list_event_keys, use it as
+            # an upper bound.  When list_event_keys failed (device_keys is None),
+            # pass None — get_events will run until the null sentinel naturally.
+            stop_idx: Optional[int] = (current_count - 1) if device_keys is not None else None
+            if self.max_events is not None:
+                cap = self.max_events - 1
+                stop_idx = cap if stop_idx is None else min(stop_idx, cap)
+                if device_keys is not None and self.max_events < current_count:
+                    log.warning(
+                        "  max_events=%d cap: will download events 0-%d only "
+                        "(unit has %d total)",
+                        self.max_events, stop_idx, current_count,
+                    )
+
+            try:
+                # Pass `seen_events` (key → ISO timestamp) so the client can
+                # read 0C on its skip path and only skip 5A when the per-event
+                # timestamp matches what we already have on disk.  When force_-
+                # redownload is set, seen_events was already cleared above.
+                #
+                # Filter out empty-string timestamps (legacy v1 entries) — the
+                # client's 0C-on-skip-path only trusts entries with a
+                # populated timestamp; otherwise it falls through to a full
+                # 5A download.
+                skip_dict = {k: ts for k, ts in seen_events.items() if ts}
+
+                all_events = client.get_events(
+                    full_waveform=True,
+                    stop_after_index=stop_idx,
+                    skip_waveform_for_events=skip_dict if skip_dict else None,
+                )
+
+                # New events are those that came back with _a5_frames populated
+                # (= 5A actually ran on this session).  Skipped events have
+                # _a5_frames = None because the client matched (key, timestamp)
+                # against skip_dict and bypassed 5A.
+                new_events = [
+                    e for e in all_events
+                    if getattr(e, "_a5_frames", None)
+                ]
+                skipped = len(all_events) - len(new_events)
+
+                log.info("  [OK] Walked %d event(s): %d downloaded, %d skipped (matched (key, ts) in state)",
+                         len(all_events), len(new_events), skipped)
+
+                # ── Persist event file + A5 sidecar to the waveform store ──
+                # Saves ride alongside the existing JSON dump so the on-disk
+                # event file and events.json reference the same set of events.
+                waveform_records: dict[str, dict] = {}
+                for ev in new_events:
+                    if not ev._a5_frames:
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        rec = self.store.save(
+                            ev,
+                            serial=serial or "UNKNOWN",
+                            a5_frames=ev._a5_frames,
+                        )
+                        if ev._waveform_key is not None:
+                            waveform_records[ev._waveform_key.hex()] = rec
+                        log.info(
+                            "  [WAVE] saved %s (%d bytes)",
+                            rec["filename"], rec["filesize"],
+                        )
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        key_hex = ev._waveform_key.hex() if ev._waveform_key else "????????"
+                        log.warning(
+                            "  [WARN] Waveform store save failed for %s: %s",
+                            key_hex, exc,
+                        )
+
+                if new_events:
+                    _save_json(
+                        session_dir / "events.json",
+                        [_event_to_dict(e, waveform_records) for e in new_events],
+                    )
+
+                    for ev in new_events:
+                        pv = ev.peak_values
+                        pi = ev.project_info
+                        key_hex = ev._waveform_key.hex() if ev._waveform_key else "????????"
+                        log.info(
+                            "  NEW [%s] %s  Tran=%.4f  Vert=%.4f  Long=%.4f  VS=%.4f  project=%r",
+                            key_hex,
+                            str(ev.timestamp) if ev.timestamp else "?",
+                            pv.tran            if pv else 0,
+                            pv.vert            if pv else 0,
+                            pv.long            if pv else 0,
+                            pv.peak_vector_sum if pv else 0,
+                            pi.project         if pi else "",
+                        )
+                else:
+                    log.info("  [OK] No new events since last call-home -- nothing to save")
+
+                # ── Monitor log entries (partial records / continuous monitoring) ──
+                # Browse walk (0A + 1F only) to collect monitor log entries for
+                # recording intervals where no threshold was crossed.  This is a
+                # second 1E-based pass over the device's record list, separate from
+                # the get_events() download loop above.
+                log.info("  Collecting monitor log entries (browse walk)...")
+                new_monitor_entries: list[MonitorLogEntry] = []
+                try:
+                    new_monitor_entries = client.get_monitor_log_entries(
+                        skip_keys=seen_keys if seen_keys else None,
+                    )
+                    if new_monitor_entries:
+                        _save_json(
+                            session_dir / "monitor_log.json",
+                            [_monitor_log_entry_to_dict(e) for e in new_monitor_entries],
+                        )
+                        log.info(
+                            "  [OK] %d new monitor log entry(s) saved",
+                            len(new_monitor_entries),
+                        )
+                        for ml in new_monitor_entries:
+                            log.info(
+                                "  MONLOG [%s] %s → %s (%s)",
+                                ml.key,
+                                ml.start_time.isoformat() if ml.start_time else "?",
+                                ml.stop_time.isoformat()  if ml.stop_time  else "?",
+                                f"{ml.duration_seconds:.0f}s" if ml.duration_seconds is not None else "?s",
+                            )
+                    else:
+                        log.info("  [OK] No new monitor log entries")
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    log.warning(
+                        "  [WARN] Monitor log collection failed: %s -- continuing",
+                        exc,
+                    )
+
+                # ── Persist to SQLite DB ─────────────────────────────────────
+                _session_start = datetime.datetime.now()
+                try:
+                    _ev_ins, _ev_skip = self.db.insert_events(
+                        new_events,
+                        serial=serial or self.peer,
+                        session_id=None,
+                        waveform_records=waveform_records,
+                    )
+                    _ml_ins, _ml_skip = self.db.insert_monitor_log(
+                        new_monitor_entries, session_id=None
+                    )
+                    _session_id = self.db.insert_ach_session(
+                        serial=serial or self.peer,
+                        peer=self.peer,
+                        events_downloaded=_ev_ins,
+                        monitor_entries=_ml_ins,
+                        duration_seconds=(datetime.datetime.now() - _session_start).total_seconds(),
+                        session_time=_session_start,
+                    )
+                    log.info(
+                        "  [DB] session=%s  events +%d (skip %d)  monitor +%d (skip %d)",
+                        _session_id[:8], _ev_ins, _ev_skip, _ml_ins, _ml_skip,
+                    )
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    log.warning("  [WARN] DB write failed: %s -- continuing", exc)
+
+                # ── Optional: erase device memory after successful download ────
+                erased_successfully = False
+                if self.clear_after_download and new_events:
+                    log.info("  Clearing device memory (--clear-after-download)...")
+                    try:
+                        client.delete_all_events()
+                        log.info("  [OK] Device memory cleared")
+                        erased_successfully = True
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        log.error(
+                            "  [WARN] Event deletion failed: %s -- events NOT cleared",
+                            exc,
+                        )
+
+                # ── Update persistent state ───────────────────────────────────
+                # Build a fresh (key → ISO timestamp) map from THIS session's
+                # results.  For each event currently on the device, prefer the
+                # timestamp we just observed (from 0C); fall back to whatever
+                # was already in seen_events for that key (so we don't lose an
+                # entry just because get_events skipped it on the (key, ts)
+                # match path).
+                def _ts_iso(ev) -> str:
+                    ts = getattr(ev, "timestamp", None)
+                    if ts is None:
+                        return ""
+                    try:
+                        return datetime.datetime(
+                            ts.year, ts.month, ts.day,
+                            ts.hour or 0, ts.minute or 0, ts.second or 0,
+                        ).isoformat()
+                    except Exception:
+                        return str(ts)
+
+                current_events_map: dict[str, str] = {}
+                for ev in all_events:
+                    if ev._waveform_key is None:
+                        continue
+                    key_hex = ev._waveform_key.hex()
+                    ts_iso  = _ts_iso(ev) or seen_events.get(key_hex, "")
+                    current_events_map[key_hex] = ts_iso
+
+                # Monitor-log entries don't have a 0C-style timestamp, but
+                # they DO have a start_time; use that so the monitor-log keys
+                # are properly entered into the (key, ts) map.
+                for ml in new_monitor_entries:
+                    key_hex = ml.key
+                    ts = ml.start_time
+                    ts_iso = ts.isoformat() if ts else seen_events.get(key_hex, "")
+                    # If a triggered event already populated this key, keep
+                    # whichever has a non-empty timestamp.
+                    if key_hex not in current_events_map or not current_events_map[key_hex]:
+                        current_events_map[key_hex] = ts_iso
+
+                if erased_successfully:
+                    updated_events: dict[str, str] = {}
+                    new_max_key  = "00000000"
+                    log.info(
+                        "  State reset after erase -- next session will download "
+                        "from key 0 (device counter resets after erase)"
+                    )
+                else:
+                    # Merge: keep prior (key, ts) entries we still have evidence
+                    # of (for survivors of any partial failure), plus this
+                    # session's authoritative (key, ts) pairs.
+                    updated_events = dict(seen_events)
+                    updated_events.update(current_events_map)
+                    new_max_key  = (
+                        max(updated_events.keys())
+                        if updated_events else max_seen_key
+                    )
+
+                state[unit_key] = {
+                    "downloaded_events":  updated_events,
+                    "max_downloaded_key": new_max_key,
+                    "last_seen":          datetime.datetime.now().isoformat(),
+                    "serial":             serial,
+                    "peer":               self.peer,
+                }
+                _save_state(self.state_path, state)
+
+            except Exception as exc:
+                log.error("  [FAIL] Event download failed: %s", exc, exc_info=True)
+
+            # ── Optional: restart monitoring after successful download ─────────
+            if self.restart_monitoring:
+                log.info("  Restarting monitoring on device (--restart-monitoring)...")
+                try:
+                    client.start_monitoring()
+                    log.info("  [OK] Monitoring restarted")
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    log.warning("  [WARN] Failed to restart monitoring: %s", exc)
+
+        finally:
+            raw_rx_fh.close()
+            raw_tx_fh.close()
+            client.close()  # closes transport / socket cleanly
+            root_logger.removeHandler(fh)
+            fh.close()
+
+        log.info("Session complete -> %s", session_dir)
+        log.info("="*60)
+
+
+# ── JSON helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def _save_json(path: Path, obj: object) -> None:
+    with open(path, "w") as f:
+        json.dump(obj, f, indent=2, default=str)
+    log.debug("Saved %s", path)
+
+
+def _device_info_to_dict(d: DeviceInfo) -> dict:
+    cc = d.compliance_config
+    return {
+        "serial":            d.serial,
+        "firmware_version":  d.firmware_version,
+        "dsp_version":       d.dsp_version,
+        "model":             d.model,
+        "event_count":       d.event_count,
+        # compliance config fields (None if 1A read failed)
+        "setup_name":        cc.setup_name        if cc else None,
+        "sample_rate":       cc.sample_rate        if cc else None,
+        "record_time":       cc.record_time        if cc else None,
+        "trigger_level_geo": cc.trigger_level_geo  if cc else None,
+        "alarm_level_geo":   cc.alarm_level_geo    if cc else None,
+        "geo_adc_scale": cc.geo_adc_scale if cc else None,  # hw scale factor (in/s)/V
+        "geo_range":     cc.geo_range     if cc else None,  # 0x01=Normal 10in/s, 0x00=Sensitive 1.25in/s (unconfirmed)
+        "project":           cc.project            if cc else None,
+        "client":            cc.client             if cc else None,
+        "operator":          cc.operator           if cc else None,
+        "sensor_location":   cc.sensor_location    if cc else None,
+    }
+
+
+def _event_to_dict(
+    e: Event,
+    waveform_records: Optional[dict[str, dict]] = None,
+) -> dict:
+    pv = e.peak_values
+    pi = e.project_info
+    peaks = {}
+    if pv:
+        peaks = {
+            "transverse":    pv.tran,
+            "vertical":      pv.vert,
+            "longitudinal":  pv.long,
+            "vector_sum":    pv.peak_vector_sum,
+            "mic":           pv.micl,
+        }
+    samples = {}
+    if e.raw_samples:
+        samples = {
+            ch: vals[:20]  # first 20 sample-sets to keep the file sane
+            for ch, vals in e.raw_samples.items()
+        }
+        samples["__note__"] = "first 20 sample-sets only; see raw_rx.bin for full waveform"
+
+    rec: dict = {}
+    if waveform_records and e._waveform_key is not None:
+        rec = waveform_records.get(e._waveform_key.hex(), {}) or {}
+
+    return {
+        "timestamp":       str(e.timestamp) if e.timestamp else None,
+        "project":         pi.project         if pi else None,
+        "client":          pi.client          if pi else None,
+        "operator":        pi.operator        if pi else None,
+        "sensor_location": pi.sensor_location if pi else None,
+        "peaks":           peaks,
+        "raw_samples_preview": samples,
+        "blastware_filename":   rec.get("filename"),
+        "blastware_filesize":   rec.get("filesize"),
+        "a5_pickle_filename":   rec.get("a5_pickle_filename"),
+    }
+
+
+def _monitor_log_entry_to_dict(e: MonitorLogEntry) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "key":               e.key,
+        "start_time":        e.start_time.isoformat() if e.start_time else None,
+        "stop_time":         e.stop_time.isoformat()  if e.stop_time  else None,
+        "duration_seconds":  e.duration_seconds,
+        "serial":            e.serial,
+        "geo_threshold_ips": e.geo_threshold_ips,
+    }
+
+
+# ── Main server loop ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def serve(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
+    output_dir = Path(args.output)
+    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    state_path = output_dir / "ach_state.json"
+    db = SeismoDb(output_dir / "seismo_relay.db")
+    store = WaveformStore(output_dir / "waveforms")
+
+    server_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    server_sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+    server_sock.bind(("0.0.0.0", args.port))
+    server_sock.listen(5)
+    # Wake up every second so Ctrl-C is handled promptly on Windows.
+    # Without this, accept() blocks indefinitely and ignores KeyboardInterrupt.
+    server_sock.settimeout(1.0)
+
+    max_ev = args.max_events
+    print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+    print(f"  ACH inbound server  listening on 0.0.0.0:{args.port}")
+    print(f"  Output:     {output_dir.resolve()}/ach_inbound_<timestamp>/")
+    print(f"  State file: {state_path}")
+    print(f"  Max events per session: {max_ev if max_ev else 'unlimited'}")
+    print(f"  Clear device after download: {'YES' if args.clear_after_download else 'no'}")
+    print(f"  Restart monitoring after download: {'YES' if args.restart_monitoring else 'no'}")
+    print(f"  Force re-download all (ignore state): {'YES' if args.force_redownload_all else 'no'}")
+    print(f"{'='*60}")
+    print(f"\n  Point your test unit's ACEmanager call-home settings to:")
+    print(f"    Remote Host: <this machine's LAN IP>")
+    print(f"    Remote Port: {args.port}")
+    print(f"\n  Waiting for inbound connections...  (Ctrl-C to stop)\n")
+
+    allow_ips = set(args.allow_ips)
+    if allow_ips:
+        print(f"  Allowlist:  {', '.join(sorted(allow_ips))}")
+    else:
+        print("  Allowlist:  NONE -- accepting all IPs (add --allow-ip to restrict)")
+
+    try:
+        while True:
+            try:
+                client_sock, addr = server_sock.accept()
+            except socket.timeout:
+                continue  # no connection this second; loop back and check for Ctrl-C
+            try:
+                peer_ip = addr[0]
+                peer = f"{addr[0]}:{addr[1]}"
+
+                if allow_ips and peer_ip not in allow_ips:
+                    log.info("Rejected connection from %s (not in allowlist)", peer)
+                    client_sock.close()
+                    continue
+
+                log.info("Accepted connection from %s", peer)
+                session = AchSession(
+                    sock=client_sock,
+                    peer=peer,
+                    output_dir=output_dir,
+                    timeout=args.timeout,
+                    events_only=args.events_only,
+                    max_events=max_ev,
+                    state_path=state_path,
+                    db=db,
+                    store=store,
+                    clear_after_download=args.clear_after_download,
+                    restart_monitoring=args.restart_monitoring,
+                    force_redownload=args.force_redownload_all,
+                )
+                t = threading.Thread(target=session.run, daemon=True, name=f"ach-{peer}")
+                t.start()
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                raise
+            except Exception as exc:
+                log.error("Accept error: %s", exc)
+    finally:
+        server_sock.close()
+        print("\nServer stopped.")
+
+
+def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Minimal inbound ACH server — speak BW protocol to calling MiniMate Plus units.",
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+        epilog=__doc__,
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--port", "-p",
+        type=int,
+        default=12345,
+        help="Port to listen on (default: 12345).",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--output", "-o",
+        default=str(Path(__file__).parent / "captures"),
+        metavar="DIR",
+        help="Directory to write session captures (default: bridges/captures/).",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--timeout", "-t",
+        type=float,
+        default=30.0,
+        help="Protocol receive timeout in seconds (default: 30.0).",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--events-only",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Skip the device-info step and go straight to event download.",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--max-events",
+        type=int,
+        default=None,
+        metavar="N",
+        help=(
+            "Safety cap: download at most N events per session (default: unlimited). "
+            "Useful if a unit has many old events stored — prevents a very long first run."
+        ),
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--allow-ip",
+        metavar="IP",
+        action="append",
+        dest="allow_ips",
+        default=[],
+        help=(
+            "Only accept connections from this IP address (repeat for multiple). "
+            "Example: --allow-ip 63.43.212.232  "
+            "If not specified, all IPs are accepted (not recommended for public servers)."
+        ),
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--restart-monitoring",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help=(
+            "After downloading events, send SUB 0x96 (start monitoring) before "
+            "disconnecting. Required for RV55 units whose firmware does not assert "
+            "DCD on disconnect — without this the unit stays idle after a call-home."
+        ),
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--clear-after-download",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help=(
+            "After successfully downloading new events, erase all events from the "
+            "device memory (SUB 0xA3 → 0x1C → 0x06 → 0xA2 sequence, confirmed from "
+            "4-11-26 MITM capture). Only fires when at least one new event was saved. "
+            "This mirrors the standard Blastware ACH workflow."
+        ),
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--force-redownload-all",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help=(
+            "Manual override: ignore ach_state.json's downloaded_events map "
+            "for this session and re-download every event currently on the "
+            "device, regardless of (key, timestamp) match.  Useful when state "
+            "has become inconsistent with the on-disk waveform store / DB."
+        ),
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--verbose", "-v",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Enable debug logging.",
+    )
+    return p.parse_args()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    args = parse_args()
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level=logging.DEBUG if args.verbose else logging.INFO,
+        format="%(asctime)s  %(levelname)-7s  %(name)s  %(message)s",
+    )
+    try:
+        serve(args)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nStopped.")

bridges/gui_bridge.py

@@ -58,16 +58,24 @@ class BridgeGUI(tk.Tk):
         tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.logdir_var, width=24).grid(row=1, column=3, sticky="we", **pad)
         tk.Button(self, text="Browse", command=self._choose_dir).grid(row=1, column=4, sticky="w", **pad)
 
-        # Row 2: Raw taps
-        self.raw_bw_var = tk.StringVar(value="")
-        self.raw_s3_var = tk.StringVar(value="")
-        tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Save BW->S3 raw", command=self._toggle_raw_bw, onvalue="1", offvalue="").grid(row=2, column=0, sticky="w", **pad)
-        tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.raw_bw_var, width=28).grid(row=2, column=1, columnspan=3, sticky="we", **pad)
-        tk.Button(self, text="...", command=lambda: self._choose_file(self.raw_bw_var, "bw")).grid(row=2, column=4, **pad)
+        # Row 2: Raw taps — ON by default; "auto" = timestamped name; blank checkbox = disabled
+        self.raw_bw_enabled = tk.IntVar(value=1)
+        self.raw_s3_enabled = tk.IntVar(value=1)
+        # Path fields: empty means "auto" (bridge picks a timestamped name)
+        self.raw_bw_path_var = tk.StringVar(value="")
+        self.raw_s3_path_var = tk.StringVar(value="")
 
-        tk.Checkbutton(self, text="Save S3->BW raw", command=self._toggle_raw_s3, onvalue="1", offvalue="").grid(row=3, column=0, sticky="w", **pad)
-        tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.raw_s3_var, width=28).grid(row=3, column=1, columnspan=3, sticky="we", **pad)
-        tk.Button(self, text="...", command=lambda: self._choose_file(self.raw_s3_var, "s3")).grid(row=3, column=4, **pad)
+        tk.Checkbutton(self, text="BW→S3 raw (auto)", variable=self.raw_bw_enabled,
+                       command=self._toggle_raw_bw).grid(row=2, column=0, sticky="w", **pad)
+        tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.raw_bw_path_var, width=28,
+                 fg="grey").grid(row=2, column=1, columnspan=3, sticky="we", **pad)
+        tk.Button(self, text="...", command=lambda: self._choose_file(self.raw_bw_path_var, "bw")).grid(row=2, column=4, **pad)
+
+        tk.Checkbutton(self, text="S3→BW raw (auto)", variable=self.raw_s3_enabled,
+                       command=self._toggle_raw_s3).grid(row=3, column=0, sticky="w", **pad)
+        tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.raw_s3_path_var, width=28,
+                 fg="grey").grid(row=3, column=1, columnspan=3, sticky="we", **pad)
+        tk.Button(self, text="...", command=lambda: self._choose_file(self.raw_s3_path_var, "s3")).grid(row=3, column=4, **pad)
 
         # Row 4: Status + buttons
         self.status_var = tk.StringVar(value="Idle")
@@ -102,13 +110,11 @@ class BridgeGUI(tk.Tk):
             var.set(filename)
 
     def _toggle_raw_bw(self) -> None:
-        if not self.raw_bw_var.get():
-            # default name
-            self.raw_bw_var.set(os.path.join(self.logdir_var.get(), "raw_bw.bin"))
+        # Checkbox toggled — no path action needed; enabled state drives the flag.
+        pass
 
     def _toggle_raw_s3(self) -> None:
-        if not self.raw_s3_var.get():
-            self.raw_s3_var.set(os.path.join(self.logdir_var.get(), "raw_s3.bin"))
+        pass
 
     def start_bridge(self) -> None:
         if self.process and self.process.poll() is None:
@@ -126,23 +132,22 @@ class BridgeGUI(tk.Tk):
 
         args = [sys.executable, BRIDGE_PATH, "--bw", bw, "--s3", s3, "--baud", baud, "--logdir", logdir]
 
-        ts = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+        # Raw tap flags.
+        # Checkbox on + empty path → pass "auto" (bridge generates timestamped name).
+        # Checkbox on + explicit path → pass that path.
+        # Checkbox off → pass "" to disable (overrides bridge's auto default).
+        raw_bw_explicit = self.raw_bw_path_var.get().strip()
+        raw_s3_explicit = self.raw_s3_path_var.get().strip()
 
-        raw_bw = self.raw_bw_var.get().strip()
-        raw_s3 = self.raw_s3_var.get().strip()
+        if self.raw_bw_enabled.get():
+            args += ["--raw-bw", raw_bw_explicit if raw_bw_explicit else "auto"]
+        else:
+            args += ["--raw-bw", ""]   # explicit disable
 
-        # If the user left the default generic name, replace with a timestamped one
-        # so each session gets its own file.
-        if raw_bw:
-            if os.path.basename(raw_bw) in ("raw_bw.bin", "raw_bw"):
-                raw_bw = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(raw_bw) or logdir, f"raw_bw_{ts}.bin")
-                self.raw_bw_var.set(raw_bw)
-            args += ["--raw-bw", raw_bw]
-        if raw_s3:
-            if os.path.basename(raw_s3) in ("raw_s3.bin", "raw_s3"):
-                raw_s3 = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(raw_s3) or logdir, f"raw_s3_{ts}.bin")
-                self.raw_s3_var.set(raw_s3)
-            args += ["--raw-s3", raw_s3]
+        if self.raw_s3_enabled.get():
+            args += ["--raw-s3", raw_s3_explicit if raw_s3_explicit else "auto"]
+        else:
+            args += ["--raw-s3", ""]   # explicit disable
 
         try:
             self.process = subprocess.Popen(

bridges/s3-bridge/s3_bridge.py

@@ -93,8 +93,11 @@ class SessionLogger:
         self._bin_fh = open(bin_path, "ab", buffering=0)
         self._lock = threading.Lock()
         # Optional pure-byte taps (no headers). BW=Blastware tx, S3=device tx.
+        # These can be opened/closed on demand via start_raw_capture/stop_raw_capture.
         self._raw_bw = open(raw_bw_path, "ab", buffering=0) if raw_bw_path else None
         self._raw_s3 = open(raw_s3_path, "ab", buffering=0) if raw_s3_path else None
+        self._cap_bw_path: Optional[str] = raw_bw_path
+        self._cap_s3_path: Optional[str] = raw_s3_path
 
     def log_line(self, line: str) -> None:
         with self._lock:
@@ -124,6 +127,43 @@ class SessionLogger:
         self.log_line(f"[{ts}] [INFO] {msg}")
         self.bin_write_record(REC_INFO, msg.encode("utf-8", errors="replace"))
 
+    def start_raw_capture(self, label: str, logdir: str) -> tuple:
+        """Open new raw tap files for a named capture.  Returns (bw_path, s3_path)."""
+        ts = _dt.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+        safe = "".join(c if c.isalnum() or c in "-_" else "_" for c in label)[:40] if label else ""
+        suffix = f"_{safe}" if safe else ""
+        bw_path = os.path.join(logdir, f"raw_bw_{ts}{suffix}.bin")
+        s3_path = os.path.join(logdir, f"raw_s3_{ts}{suffix}.bin")
+        with self._lock:
+            # Close any previously open taps first
+            if self._raw_bw:
+                self._raw_bw.close()
+            if self._raw_s3:
+                self._raw_s3.close()
+            self._raw_bw = open(bw_path, "ab", buffering=0)
+            self._raw_s3 = open(s3_path, "ab", buffering=0)
+            self._cap_bw_path = bw_path
+            self._cap_s3_path = s3_path
+        self.log_info(f"raw capture started: label={label!r} bw={bw_path} s3={s3_path}")
+        return bw_path, s3_path
+
+    def stop_raw_capture(self) -> tuple:
+        """Close raw tap files.  Returns (bw_path, s3_path) for the capture just closed."""
+        with self._lock:
+            bw = self._cap_bw_path
+            s3 = self._cap_s3_path
+            if self._raw_bw:
+                self._raw_bw.close()
+                self._raw_bw = None
+            if self._raw_s3:
+                self._raw_s3.close()
+                self._raw_s3 = None
+            self._cap_bw_path = None
+            self._cap_s3_path = None
+        if bw:
+            self.log_info(f"raw capture stopped: bw={bw} s3={s3}")
+        return bw, s3
+
     def close(self) -> None:
         with self._lock:
             try:
@@ -291,8 +331,18 @@ def forward_loop(
             time.sleep(0.002)
 
 
-def annotation_loop(logger: SessionLogger, stop: threading.Event) -> None:
-    print("[MARK] Type 'm' + Enter to annotate the capture. Ctrl+C to stop.")
+def annotation_loop(logger: SessionLogger, logdir: str, stop: threading.Event) -> None:
+    """
+    Reads stdin commands while the bridge runs.
+
+    Commands:
+      m                      — prompt for a mark label (interactive)
+      CAP_START:<label>      — begin a raw tap capture with the given label
+      CAP_STOP               — stop the current raw tap capture
+    Responses (printed to stdout, parsed by the GUI):
+      [CAP_START] <bw_path>\\t<s3_path>
+      [CAP_STOP]  <bw_path>\\t<s3_path>
+    """
     while not stop.is_set():
         try:
             line = input()
@@ -303,7 +353,21 @@ def annotation_loop(logger: SessionLogger, stop: threading.Event) -> None:
         if not line:
             continue
 
-        if line.lower() == "m":
+        if line.startswith("CAP_START:"):
+            label = line[10:].strip()
+            bw_path, s3_path = logger.start_raw_capture(label, logdir)
+            print(f"[CAP_START] {bw_path}\t{s3_path}")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+
+        elif line == "CAP_STOP":
+            bw_path, s3_path = logger.stop_raw_capture()
+            if bw_path:
+                print(f"[CAP_STOP] {bw_path}\t{s3_path}")
+            else:
+                print("[CAP_STOP] no active capture")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+
+        elif line.lower() == "m":
             try:
                 sys.stdout.write("  Label: ")
                 sys.stdout.flush()
@@ -315,8 +379,9 @@ def annotation_loop(logger: SessionLogger, stop: threading.Event) -> None:
                 print(f"  [MARK written] {label}")
             else:
                 print("  (empty label — mark cancelled)")
+
         else:
-            print("  (type 'm' + Enter to annotate)")
+            print(f"  (unknown command: {line!r})")
 
 
 def main() -> int:
@@ -325,8 +390,14 @@ def main() -> int:
     ap.add_argument("--s3", default="COM5", help="S3-side COM port (default: COM5)")
     ap.add_argument("--baud", type=int, default=38400, help="Baud rate (default: 38400)")
     ap.add_argument("--logdir", default=".", help="Directory to write session logs into (default: .)")
-    ap.add_argument("--raw-bw", default=None, help="Optional file to append raw bytes sent from BW->S3 (no headers)")
-    ap.add_argument("--raw-s3", default=None, help="Optional file to append raw bytes sent from S3->BW (no headers)")
+    ap.add_argument("--raw-bw", default="auto",
+                    help="File to append raw bytes sent from BW->S3 (no headers). "
+                         "Default 'auto' generates a timestamped name in --logdir. "
+                         "Pass an empty string to disable.")
+    ap.add_argument("--raw-s3", default="auto",
+                    help="File to append raw bytes sent from S3->BW (no headers). "
+                         "Default 'auto' generates a timestamped name in --logdir. "
+                         "Pass an empty string to disable.")
     ap.add_argument("--quiet", action="store_true", help="No console heartbeat output")
     ap.add_argument("--status-every", type=float, default=0.0, help="Seconds between console heartbeat lines (default: 0 = off)")
     args = ap.parse_args()
@@ -349,12 +420,16 @@ def main() -> int:
     # If raw tap flags were passed without a path (bare --raw-bw / --raw-s3),
     # or if the sentinel value "auto" is used, generate a timestamped name.
     # If a specific path was provided, use it as-is (caller's responsibility).
-    raw_bw_path = args.raw_bw
-    raw_s3_path = args.raw_s3
-    if raw_bw_path in (None, "", "auto"):
-        raw_bw_path = os.path.join(args.logdir, f"raw_bw_{ts}.bin") if args.raw_bw is not None else None
-    if raw_s3_path in (None, "", "auto"):
-        raw_s3_path = os.path.join(args.logdir, f"raw_s3_{ts}.bin") if args.raw_s3 is not None else None
+    # Resolve raw tap paths.
+    # "auto" (default) → timestamped file in logdir (always captured).
+    # Explicit path     → use verbatim.
+    # None or ""        → disabled (pass --raw-bw "" to suppress capture).
+    raw_bw_path: Optional[str] = args.raw_bw if args.raw_bw else None
+    raw_s3_path: Optional[str] = args.raw_s3 if args.raw_s3 else None
+    if raw_bw_path == "auto":
+        raw_bw_path = os.path.join(args.logdir, f"raw_bw_{ts}.bin")
+    if raw_s3_path == "auto":
+        raw_s3_path = os.path.join(args.logdir, f"raw_s3_{ts}.bin")
 
     logger = SessionLogger(log_path, bin_path, raw_bw_path=raw_bw_path, raw_s3_path=raw_s3_path)
 
@@ -391,7 +466,7 @@ def main() -> int:
     t_ann = threading.Thread(
         target=annotation_loop,
         name="Annotator",
-        args=(logger, stop),
+        args=(logger, args.logdir, stop),
         daemon=True,
     )
 

bridges/serial_watch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+serial_watch.py — Instantel Series-3 serial monitor with S3 frame parsing.
+
+Taps the RS-232 line between the MiniMate Plus and its modem (RV50/RV55).
+Saves raw binary captures compatible with the rest of the analysis toolchain,
+plus a human-readable frame log.
+
+Usage
+-----
+  python bridges/serial_watch.py                        # interactive COM picker
+  python bridges/serial_watch.py --port COM3            # specify port
+  python bridges/serial_watch.py --port COM3 --ack-ok   # reply OK to AT commands
+                                                         # (useful if modem is absent
+                                                         #  and you want the device to
+                                                         #  proceed past AT negotiation)
+  python bridges/serial_watch.py --list                  # list available ports
+
+Output
+------
+  bridges/captures/serial_<ISO-timestamp>/
+    raw_s3_<ts>.bin    — raw bytes from device (feeds directly into S3FrameParser)
+    session_<ts>.log   — human-readable frame + control-line log
+    session_<ts>.jsonl — JSON-lines frame log
+
+The raw_s3_*.bin file is byte-for-byte compatible with the existing capture
+format used by bridges/parse_capture.py and all analysis scripts.
+
+What to look for in a call-home capture
+----------------------------------------
+1. Does the device talk first after CONNECT, or does it wait?
+   - If raw_s3_*.bin has bytes before any AT/POLL exchange → PUSH protocol
+   - If it stays silent → PULL protocol (same as Blastware manual download)
+
+2. Look for "Operating System" ASCII at the start — the device sends this 16-byte
+   boot string on cold start before entering DLE-framed mode.
+
+3. RING/CONNECT from the modem appear as ASCII before the DLE frames — the parser
+   handles these automatically (scans forward to DLE+STX).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+
+try:
+    import serial
+    from serial.tools import list_ports
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    print(
+        "pyserial not found. Install with:\n  python -m pip install pyserial",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+# Add project root so we can import the frame parser
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from minimateplus.framing import S3FrameParser, S3Frame
+
+import json
+
+
+# ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def _ts() -> str:
+    return datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f")[:-3]
+
+
+def _hexdump(b: bytes) -> str:
+    return " ".join(f"{x:02X}" for x in b)
+
+
+def _printable(b: bytes) -> str:
+    return b.decode("latin1", errors="replace")
+
+
+_KNOWN_SUBS = {
+    0xA4: "POLL_RSP",        0xA5: "BULK_WAVEFORM_RSP", 0xE0: "ADVANCE_EVENT_RSP",
+    0xE1: "EVENT_IDX_FIRST_RSP", 0xE3: "MONITOR_STATUS_RSP", 0xEA: "SERIAL_NUM_RSP",
+    0xF3: "WAVEFORM_RECORD_RSP", 0xF5: "WAVEFORM_HEADER_RSP", 0xF7: "EVENT_INDEX_RSP",
+    0xF9: "UNK_06_RSP",      0xFE: "DEVICE_INFO_RSP",
+    0x69: "START_MONITOR_ACK", 0x68: "STOP_MONITOR_ACK",
+    0x97: "EVT_IDX_WRITE_ACK", 0x8C: "CONFIRM_B_ACK",  0x8E: "COMPLIANCE_WRITE_ACK",
+    0x8D: "CONFIRM_A_ACK",   0x7D: "TRIGGER_WRITE_ACK", 0x7C: "TRIGGER_CONFIRM_ACK",
+    0x96: "WAVEFORM_WRITE_ACK", 0x8B: "CONFIRM_C_ACK",
+}
+
+
+def _label_frame(frame: S3Frame) -> str:
+    name = _KNOWN_SUBS.get(frame.sub, f"UNK_0x{frame.sub:02X}")
+    chk  = "✓" if frame.checksum_valid else "✗ BAD_CHK"
+    peek = frame.data[:24].hex() + ("…" if len(frame.data) > 24 else "")
+    return (
+        f"S3 SUB=0x{frame.sub:02X} ({name:<22})  "
+        f"page=0x{frame.page_key:04X}  data={len(frame.data):4d}B  {chk}  {peek}"
+    )
+
+
+# ── Logger ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class Logger:
+    def __init__(self, log_path: Path, jsonl_path: Path, raw_path: Path) -> None:
+        self._log  = log_path.open("a", encoding="utf-8", newline="")
+        self._jl   = jsonl_path.open("a", encoding="utf-8", newline="")
+        self._raw  = raw_path.open("ab")
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+        self._frame_count = 0
+
+    def info(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        line = f"[{_ts()}] INFO  | {msg}"
+        with self._lock:
+            print(line)
+            print(line, file=self._log, flush=True)
+
+    def ctrl(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        line = f"[{_ts()}] CTRL  | {msg}"
+        with self._lock:
+            print(line)
+            print(line, file=self._log, flush=True)
+
+    def data_hex(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        line = f"[{_ts()}] HEX   | {msg}"
+        with self._lock:
+            print(line)
+            print(line, file=self._log, flush=True)
+
+    def data_ascii(self, msg: str) -> None:
+        line = f"[{_ts()}] DATA  | {msg}"
+        with self._lock:
+            print(line)
+            print(line, file=self._log, flush=True)
+
+    def frame(self, f: S3Frame) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            self._frame_count += 1
+            label = f"[{_ts()}] FRAME | #{self._frame_count:04d}  {_label_frame(f)}"
+            print(label)
+            print(label, file=self._log, flush=True)
+            record = {
+                "frame": self._frame_count,
+                "sub": f.sub,
+                "page_key": f.page_key,
+                "data_len": len(f.data),
+                "data_hex": f.data.hex(),
+                "checksum_valid": f.checksum_valid,
+            }
+            print(json.dumps(record), file=self._jl, flush=True)
+
+    def write_raw(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            self._raw.write(data)
+            self._raw.flush()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            for fh in (self._log, self._jl, self._raw):
+                try:
+                    fh.flush()
+                    fh.close()
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+
+
+# ── Control-line monitor thread ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def _monitor_control_lines(
+    ser: serial.Serial,
+    logger: Logger,
+    stop: threading.Event,
+    interval: float,
+) -> None:
+    prev = dict(CTS=None, DSR=None, DCD=None, RI=None)
+    try:
+        prev.update(CTS=ser.cts, DSR=ser.dsr, DCD=ser.cd)
+        try:
+            prev["RI"] = ser.ri
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+    except Exception as exc:
+        logger.ctrl(f"Init error: {exc}")
+        return
+
+    logger.ctrl(
+        f"Initial: CTS={prev['CTS']} DSR={prev['DSR']} DCD={prev['DCD']} RI={prev['RI']}"
+    )
+    while not stop.is_set():
+        try:
+            cur = dict(CTS=ser.cts, DSR=ser.dsr, DCD=ser.cd, RI=None)
+            try:
+                cur["RI"] = ser.ri
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+            for name, val in cur.items():
+                if val != prev[name]:
+                    logger.ctrl(f"{name} → {val}")
+                    prev[name] = val
+        except serial.SerialException as exc:
+            logger.ctrl(f"Poll error: {exc}")
+            break
+        stop.wait(interval)
+
+
+# ── Serial open ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+_PARITY = {
+    "N": serial.PARITY_NONE, "E": serial.PARITY_EVEN, "O": serial.PARITY_ODD,
+    "M": serial.PARITY_MARK, "S": serial.PARITY_SPACE,
+}
+_STOPBITS = {
+    1: serial.STOPBITS_ONE, 1.5: serial.STOPBITS_ONE_POINT_FIVE, 2: serial.STOPBITS_TWO,
+}
+
+
+def _open_serial(args: argparse.Namespace, logger: Logger) -> serial.Serial | None:
+    for attempt in range(1, args.open_retries + 2):
+        logger.info(
+            f"Opening {args.port} @ {args.baud},{args.bytesize}{args.parity}{args.stopbits} "
+            f"rtscts={args.rtscts} xonxoff={args.xonxoff} dsrdtr={args.dsrdtr} "
+            f"(attempt {attempt})"
+        )
+        try:
+            ser = serial.Serial(
+                port=args.port,
+                baudrate=args.baud,
+                bytesize=args.bytesize,
+                parity=_PARITY[args.parity],
+                stopbits=_STOPBITS[args.stopbits],
+                timeout=args.timeout,
+                xonxoff=args.xonxoff,
+                rtscts=args.rtscts,
+                dsrdtr=args.dsrdtr,
+                write_timeout=0,
+            )
+            try:
+                ser.setDTR(args.dtr == "on")
+                ser.setRTS(args.rts == "on")
+                logger.ctrl(f"Set DTR={args.dtr} RTS={args.rts}")
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.ctrl(f"DTR/RTS set failed: {exc}")
+
+            if args.send_break > 0:
+                try:
+                    ser.break_condition = True
+                    time.sleep(args.send_break / 1000.0)
+                    ser.break_condition = False
+                    logger.ctrl(f"BREAK held {args.send_break} ms")
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    logger.ctrl(f"BREAK failed: {exc}")
+
+            return ser
+
+        except serial.SerialException as exc:
+            logger.info(f"Open failed: {exc}")
+            if attempt <= args.open_retries:
+                time.sleep(args.open_retry_delay)
+
+    return None
+
+
+# ── Port picker ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def _list_ports() -> list:
+    ports = list(list_ports.comports())
+    if not ports:
+        print("No serial ports found.")
+        return []
+    print("Available serial ports:")
+    for i, p in enumerate(ports, 1):
+        print(f"  {i:2d})  {p.device:<12}  {p.description or ''}")
+    return ports
+
+
+def _pick_port() -> str:
+    ports = _list_ports()
+    if not ports:
+        sys.exit(1)
+    if len(ports) == 1:
+        print(f"Auto-selecting: {ports[0].device}")
+        return ports[0].device
+    while True:
+        sel = input("Select port (number or name, e.g. COM3): ").strip()
+        if sel.isdigit() and 1 <= int(sel) <= len(ports):
+            return ports[int(sel) - 1].device
+        for p in ports:
+            if p.device.upper() == sel.upper():
+                return p.device
+        print("Not recognised. Enter list number or exact port name.")
+
+
+# ── Main loop ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def main() -> None:
+    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Monitor Instantel Series-3 serial traffic with S3 frame parsing."
+    )
+    ap.add_argument("--port", "-p",
+                    help="COM port (e.g. COM3). Omit to be prompted.")
+    ap.add_argument("--baud", "-b", type=int, default=38400)
+    ap.add_argument("--bytesize", type=int, choices=[5, 6, 7, 8], default=8)
+    ap.add_argument("--parity", choices=["N", "E", "O", "M", "S"], default="N")
+    ap.add_argument("--stopbits", type=float, choices=[1, 1.5, 2], default=1)
+    ap.add_argument("--rtscts", action="store_true")
+    ap.add_argument("--xonxoff", action="store_true")
+    ap.add_argument("--dsrdtr", action="store_true")
+    ap.add_argument("--dtr", choices=["on", "off"], default="on")
+    ap.add_argument("--rts", choices=["on", "off"], default="on")
+    ap.add_argument("--send-break", type=int, default=0,
+                    help="Hold BREAK for N ms after open.")
+    ap.add_argument("--show", choices=["ascii", "hex", "both", "frames"],
+                    default="frames",
+                    help="'frames' (default) shows only parsed S3 frames. "
+                         "'ascii'/'hex'/'both' also show raw bytes.")
+    ap.add_argument("--encoding", default="latin1")
+    ap.add_argument("--read-chunk", type=int, default=4096)
+    ap.add_argument("--timeout", type=float, default=0.05)
+    ap.add_argument("--poll-lines-interval", type=float, default=0.2)
+    ap.add_argument("--open-retries", type=int, default=0)
+    ap.add_argument("--open-retry-delay", type=float, default=0.8)
+    ap.add_argument("--ack-ok", action="store_true",
+                    help="Auto-reply OK to AT* commands (except ATDT). "
+                         "Useful for testing without a real modem.")
+    ap.add_argument("--list", action="store_true",
+                    help="List available serial ports and exit.")
+    args = ap.parse_args()
+
+    if args.list:
+        _list_ports()
+        return
+
+    args.port = args.port or _pick_port()
+
+    # Build output paths
+    ts_str = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+    out_dir = Path(__file__).parent / "captures" / f"serial_{ts_str}"
+    out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    log_path   = out_dir / f"session_{ts_str}.log"
+    jsonl_path = out_dir / f"session_{ts_str}.jsonl"
+    raw_path   = out_dir / f"raw_s3_{ts_str}.bin"
+
+    logger = Logger(log_path, jsonl_path, raw_path)
+    logger.info(f"Output directory: {out_dir}")
+    logger.info(f"raw_s3 → {raw_path.name}  (compatible with parse_capture.py)")
+
+    ser = _open_serial(args, logger)
+    if ser is None:
+        logger.info("Could not open serial port. Exiting.")
+        logger.close()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    s3_parser = S3FrameParser()
+    rx_buf    = bytearray()
+    stop_evt  = threading.Event()
+
+    ctrl_thread = threading.Thread(
+        target=_monitor_control_lines,
+        args=(ser, logger, stop_evt, args.poll_lines_interval),
+        daemon=True,
+    )
+    ctrl_thread.start()
+    logger.info("Monitoring started. Waiting for call-home. Press Ctrl+C to stop.")
+
+    try:
+        while True:
+            try:
+                data = ser.read(args.read_chunk)
+            except serial.SerialException as exc:
+                logger.info(f"Read error: {exc}")
+                break
+
+            if not data:
+                continue
+
+            # 1. Save raw bytes
+            logger.write_raw(data)
+
+            # 2. Optional raw display
+            if args.show in ("ascii", "both"):
+                txt = _printable(data)
+                for line in txt.splitlines():
+                    logger.data_ascii(line)
+            if args.show in ("hex", "both"):
+                logger.data_hex(_hexdump(data))
+
+            # 3. Parse S3 frames
+            for byte in data:
+                result = s3_parser.feed(bytes([byte]))
+                if result:
+                    frames = result if isinstance(result, list) else [result]
+                    for f in frames:
+                        logger.frame(f)
+
+            # 4. AT command handling for --ack-ok
+            if args.ack_ok:
+                rx_buf.extend(data)
+                while b"\r" in rx_buf or b"\n" in rx_buf:
+                    for sep in (b"\r", b"\n"):
+                        idx = rx_buf.find(sep)
+                        if idx != -1:
+                            line_bytes = bytes(rx_buf[:idx])
+                            del rx_buf[:idx + 1]
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        break
+
+                    line_str = line_bytes.decode("latin1", errors="ignore").strip().upper()
+                    if line_str.startswith("AT") and not line_str.startswith("ATDT"):
+                        try:
+                            ser.write(b"\r\nOK\r\n")
+                            ser.flush()
+                            logger.info(f"AT ack: {line_str!r} → OK")
+                        except Exception as exc:
+                            logger.info(f"AT ack write failed: {exc}")
+
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        logger.info("Ctrl+C — stopping.")
+
+    finally:
+        stop_evt.set()
+        try:
+            ser.close()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        ctrl_thread.join(timeout=1.0)
+        logger.info(f"Capture saved to: {out_dir}")
+        logger.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

experiments.py

@@ -0,0 +1,634 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+experiments.py — Protocol minimization experiments for MiniMate Plus.
+
+Goal: figure out which steps in Blastware's sequences are truly required vs.
+cargo-culted, so we can build a faster, smarter client.
+
+Each experiment is self-contained (opens its own TCP connection) and reports
+PASS / FAIL / INCONCLUSIVE with timing and notes.
+
+Usage:
+    python experiments.py [--host IP] [--port PORT] [exp1 exp2 ...]
+
+    Run all:       python experiments.py
+    Run specific:  python experiments.py cold_status fast_event_count no_5a
+
+Available experiments
+---------------------
+  cold_status       EXP1  Monitor status (1C) with NO prior POLL
+  fast_event_count  EXP2  Event count via POLL+08 only — skip identity reads
+  no_5a             EXP3  Event record (0C) without bulk waveform stream (5A)
+  skip_1e           EXP4  0A/0C directly with cached key — skip initial 1E
+  fewer_polls       EXP5  Only 1 POLL before 5A instead of Blastware's 3
+  compliance_only   EXP6  Write compliance ONLY (71x3→72), skip event index+trigger+waveform
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import logging
+import struct
+import sys
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Optional
+
+logging.basicConfig(
+    level=logging.WARNING,          # experiment output is via print(); set DEBUG for wire trace
+    format="%(asctime)s  %(levelname)-7s  %(name)-20s  %(message)s",
+    datefmt="%H:%M:%S",
+)
+log = logging.getLogger("experiments")
+
+# ── Imports ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+from minimateplus.transport import TcpTransport
+from minimateplus.protocol import (
+    MiniMateProtocol,
+    ProtocolError,
+    TimeoutError as ProtoTimeout,
+    SUB_MONITOR_STATUS,
+    SUB_SERIAL_NUMBER,
+    SUB_FULL_CONFIG,
+    SUB_EVENT_INDEX,
+    SUB_COMPLIANCE,
+    SUB_WRITE_CONFIRM_A,
+    SUB_WRITE_CONFIRM_B,
+)
+from minimateplus.framing import build_bw_frame, SESSION_RESET
+from minimateplus.client import (
+    MiniMateClient,
+    _decode_compliance_config_into,
+    _encode_compliance_config,
+)
+from minimateplus.models import DeviceInfo
+
+
+DEFAULT_HOST = "63.43.212.232"
+DEFAULT_PORT = 9034
+
+
+# ── Result container ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@dataclass
+class Result:
+    name:     str
+    outcome:  str        # "PASS" | "FAIL" | "INCONCLUSIVE"
+    elapsed:  float = 0.0
+    notes:    str   = ""
+    details:  dict  = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        sym = {"PASS": "✅", "FAIL": "❌", "INCONCLUSIVE": "⚠️ "}.get(self.outcome, "?")
+        lines = [f"  {sym}  {self.outcome:13s}  {self.name}  ({self.elapsed:.1f}s)"]
+        if self.notes:
+            lines.append(f"       {self.notes}")
+        for k, v in self.details.items():
+            lines.append(f"       {k}: {v}")
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+# ── Connection helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def connect_proto(host: str, port: int, timeout: float = 15.0) -> tuple[TcpTransport, MiniMateProtocol]:
+    """Open a raw TCP connection and return (transport, proto) without any handshake."""
+    t = TcpTransport(host, port)
+    t.connect()
+    proto = MiniMateProtocol(t, recv_timeout=timeout)
+    return t, proto
+
+
+def connect_client(host: str, port: int, timeout: float = 30.0) -> tuple[MiniMateClient, DeviceInfo]:
+    """Open a MiniMateClient and run the full connect() handshake."""
+    transport = TcpTransport(host, port)
+    client = MiniMateClient(transport=transport, timeout=timeout)
+    client.open()
+    info = client.connect()
+    return client, info
+
+
+# ── Experiment runner ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def run(name: str, fn, *args, **kwargs) -> Result:
+    print(f"\n{'─'*60}")
+    print(f"  Running: {name}")
+    print(f"{'─'*60}")
+    t0 = time.time()
+    try:
+        outcome, notes, details = fn(*args, **kwargs)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        outcome = "FAIL"
+        notes   = f"Uncaught exception: {exc}"
+        details = {}
+        log.exception("Experiment %s raised:", name)
+    elapsed = time.time() - t0
+    r = Result(name=name, outcome=outcome, elapsed=elapsed, notes=notes, details=details)
+    print(str(r))
+    return r
+
+
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#  EXP1 — Monitor status (1C) with NO prior POLL
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#
+#  Blastware always does a full POLL handshake before any other command.
+#  We want to know: can we query SUB 1C (battery, memory, monitoring state)
+#  cold, with only a SESSION_RESET signal and no POLL at all?
+#
+#  If PASS: status checks become near-instant (no ~1s POLL round-trip).
+#  If FAIL: we need POLL first, but maybe we can cache it.
+
+def exp_cold_status(host: str, port: int) -> tuple[str, str, dict]:
+    """SUB 1C without any POLL — just SESSION_RESET + 1C probe + 1C data."""
+    t, proto = connect_proto(host, port)
+    try:
+        print("  Sending SESSION_RESET only (no POLL)")
+        t.write(SESSION_RESET)
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+
+        print("  Sending SUB 1C probe (no POLL first)…")
+        rsp_sub = (0xFF - SUB_MONITOR_STATUS) & 0xFF   # 0xE3
+        t.write(build_bw_frame(SUB_MONITOR_STATUS, 0x00))
+        probe = proto._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub, timeout=8.0)
+        print(f"  1C probe OK  page_key=0x{probe.page_key:04X}  data={probe.data.hex()}")
+
+        t.write(build_bw_frame(SUB_MONITOR_STATUS, 0x2C))
+        data_rsp = proto._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub, timeout=8.0)
+
+        section = data_rsp.data
+        print(f"  1C data OK  {len(section)} bytes  hex: {section.hex()}")
+
+        # Decode battery + memory from the end of the section
+        details = {"raw_bytes": len(section)}
+        if len(section) >= 10:
+            batt_raw = struct.unpack_from(">H", section, len(section) - 10)[0]
+            mem_total = struct.unpack_from(">I", section, len(section) - 8)[0]
+            mem_free  = struct.unpack_from(">I", section, len(section) - 4)[0]
+            is_monitoring = (section[1] == 0x10)
+            details["battery_v"]     = f"{batt_raw / 100:.2f} V"
+            details["memory_total"]  = f"{mem_total:,} bytes"
+            details["memory_free"]   = f"{mem_free:,} bytes"
+            details["monitoring"]    = is_monitoring
+            print(f"  battery={batt_raw/100:.2f}V  mem_free={mem_free:,}  monitoring={is_monitoring}")
+
+        return "PASS", "SUB 1C responded without any POLL — cold status read works!", details
+
+    except ProtoTimeout:
+        return "FAIL", "Device did not respond to 1C without POLL (timeout)", {}
+    except ProtocolError as exc:
+        return "FAIL", f"Protocol error: {exc}", {}
+    finally:
+        t.disconnect()
+
+
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#  EXP2 — Fast event count: POLL + SUB 08 only (skip identity reads)
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#
+#  Blastware's connect() does: POLL → 15 → 01 → 1A → 08
+#  We want to know: can we skip 15/01/1A and go straight from POLL to 08?
+#
+#  Reading identity (15, 01) and full compliance (1A, ~2126 bytes over TCP)
+#  takes several seconds each connect. If we only need event count, skipping
+#  them would be a huge win.
+#
+#  If PASS: fast status poll = POLL + 08 only (~2 round trips vs ~8+).
+
+def exp_fast_event_count(host: str, port: int) -> tuple[str, str, dict]:
+    """POLL startup → SUB 08 only, skip serial/config/compliance reads."""
+    t, proto = connect_proto(host, port)
+    try:
+        print("  Running startup (POLL only)…")
+        proto.startup()
+        print("  POLL OK — now reading SUB 08 (event index) directly…")
+
+        idx_raw = proto.read_event_index()
+        print(f"  SUB 08 OK  {len(idx_raw)} bytes")
+
+        # Try to decode event count from SUB 08 payload
+        # The raw block is 88 bytes; bytes [3:7] may be a count (uint32 BE)
+        details = {"idx_raw_len": len(idx_raw)}
+        if len(idx_raw) >= 7:
+            count_candidate = struct.unpack_from(">I", idx_raw, 3)[0]
+            details["count_candidate"] = count_candidate
+            print(f"  idx[3:7] as uint32 BE = {count_candidate} (may or may not be event count)")
+
+        # Also verify we can read 1E without the identity reads having been done
+        print("  Reading 1E (event header) to confirm event access works…")
+        key4, data8 = proto.read_event_first()
+        is_empty = data8[4:8] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+        details["first_key"] = key4.hex()
+        details["is_empty"]  = is_empty
+        print(f"  1E OK  key={key4.hex()}  empty={is_empty}")
+
+        return "PASS", "POLL+08+1E all work without identity reads (15/01/1A skipped)", details
+
+    except ProtocolError as exc:
+        return "FAIL", f"Protocol error: {exc}", {}
+    finally:
+        t.disconnect()
+
+
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#  EXP3 — Get event record (0C) without bulk waveform stream (5A)
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#
+#  Blastware's event download = 1E → 0A → 1E-arm → 0C → 1F(dl) → POLL×3 → 5A → 1F(browse)
+#
+#  The 5A bulk stream is the slow part (several large frames, ~1s+ per event).
+#  We only need 5A for: client, operator, seis_loc, notes (not in 0C).
+#  If you don't need those fields, can we do: 1E → 0A → 0C → 1F(browse) ?
+#
+#  Two variants tested:
+#    3a: Skip 1E-arm AND 5A — just 0A → 0C → 1F(browse)
+#    3b: Include 1E-arm but skip 5A+POLL — 0A → 1E-arm → 0C → 1F(browse)
+#
+#  If PASS: event peak values available without the slow bulk stream.
+#  If FAIL on 3a but PASS on 3b: 1E-arm required even without 5A.
+
+def exp_no_5a(host: str, port: int) -> tuple[str, str, dict]:
+    """Event record via 0A→0C without 5A or POLL×3. Tests both with and without 1E-arm."""
+    t, proto = connect_proto(host, port)
+    try:
+        print("  Startup (POLL)…")
+        proto.startup()
+
+        # Get the first event key via 1E
+        key4, data8 = proto.read_event_first()
+        if data8[4:8] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x00":
+            return "INCONCLUSIVE", "Device has no stored events — cannot test", {}
+        print(f"  First event key: {key4.hex()}")
+
+        details: dict = {"key": key4.hex()}
+
+        # ── Variant 3a: 0A → 0C → 1F(browse), no 1E-arm ─────────────────────
+        print("\n  [3a] 0A → 0C → 1F(browse)  (NO 1E-arm, NO 5A)")
+        try:
+            _hdr, rec_len = proto.read_waveform_header(key4)
+            print(f"  0A OK  rec_len=0x{rec_len:02X}")
+            record_3a = proto.read_waveform_record(key4)
+            print(f"  0C OK  {len(record_3a)} bytes")
+            # Check for recognizable content
+            has_tran = b"Tran" in record_3a
+            has_vert = b"Vert" in record_3a
+            has_long = b"Long" in record_3a
+            print(f"  0C content check: Tran={has_tran}  Vert={has_vert}  Long={has_long}")
+            details["3a_0c_bytes"] = len(record_3a)
+            details["3a_has_peaks"] = has_tran and has_vert and has_long
+
+            # Now try browse 1F without any 5A
+            key4_next, data8_next = proto.advance_event(browse=True)
+            null_sentinel = data8_next[4:8] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            print(f"  1F(browse) → key={key4_next.hex()}  null={null_sentinel}")
+            details["3a_1f_ok"]   = True
+            details["3a_outcome"] = "PASS"
+        except ProtocolError as exc:
+            print(f"  3a FAILED: {exc}")
+            details["3a_outcome"] = f"FAIL: {exc}"
+            # Try to recover by reconnecting for 3b
+            t.disconnect()
+            t2, proto2 = connect_proto(host, port)
+            proto2.startup()
+            key4, data8 = proto2.read_event_first()
+            if data8[4:8] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x00":
+                return "FAIL", f"3a failed and device empty on retry: {exc}", details
+            t, proto = t2, proto2
+
+        # ── Variant 3b: 0A → 1E-arm → 0C → 1F(browse), no 5A ───────────────
+        print("\n  [3b] 0A → 1E-arm(0xFE) → 0C → 1F(browse)  (NO POLL×3, NO 5A)")
+        try:
+            _hdr, rec_len = proto.read_waveform_header(key4)
+            print(f"  0A OK  rec_len=0x{rec_len:02X}")
+
+            # 1E download-arm (token=0xFE) between 0A and 0C
+            proto.read_event_first(token=0xFE)
+            print("  1E-arm OK")
+
+            record_3b = proto.read_waveform_record(key4)
+            print(f"  0C OK  {len(record_3b)} bytes")
+            has_tran = b"Tran" in record_3b
+            print(f"  0C content check: Tran={has_tran}  Vert={b'Vert' in record_3b}")
+            details["3b_0c_bytes"] = len(record_3b)
+            details["3b_has_peaks"] = has_tran
+
+            # Browse 1F without 5A / POLL×3
+            key4_next2, data8_next2 = proto.advance_event(browse=True)
+            null_sentinel2 = data8_next2[4:8] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            print(f"  1F(browse) → key={key4_next2.hex()}  null={null_sentinel2}")
+            details["3b_1f_ok"]   = True
+            details["3b_outcome"] = "PASS"
+        except ProtocolError as exc:
+            print(f"  3b FAILED: {exc}")
+            details["3b_outcome"] = f"FAIL: {exc}"
+
+        # Summarize
+        a_ok = details.get("3a_outcome") == "PASS"
+        b_ok = details.get("3b_outcome") == "PASS"
+        if a_ok:
+            return "PASS", "3a: 0A→0C works with NO 1E-arm and NO 5A. Huge speedup possible!", details
+        elif b_ok:
+            return "PASS", "3b: 0A→1E-arm→0C works without 5A (1E-arm still needed before 0C)", details
+        else:
+            return "FAIL", "Both 3a and 3b failed — 5A may be required for device state", details
+
+    except ProtocolError as exc:
+        return "FAIL", f"Protocol error during setup: {exc}", {}
+    finally:
+        try:
+            t.disconnect()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#  EXP4 — Skip initial 1E if we already know the event key
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#
+#  In Blastware, every session starts with 1E to discover the first key.
+#  But if we already fetched and cached the event keys from a previous session,
+#  can we skip 1E entirely and go straight to 0A(cached_key)?
+#
+#  Practical use case: we poll the device every N minutes. We already know
+#  all the event keys from last time. On re-connect, can we go direct to 0A?
+#
+#  If PASS: subsequent polls that don't add new events can skip 1E discovery.
+
+def exp_skip_1e(host: str, port: int) -> tuple[str, str, dict]:
+    """Get the first event key, disconnect, reconnect, go straight to 0A (skip 1E)."""
+    # Phase 1: get the key
+    t, proto = connect_proto(host, port)
+    try:
+        proto.startup()
+        key4, data8 = proto.read_event_first()
+        if data8[4:8] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x00":
+            return "INCONCLUSIVE", "No events stored — cannot test", {}
+        print(f"  Phase 1: got event key = {key4.hex()}")
+    finally:
+        t.disconnect()
+    time.sleep(0.5)
+
+    # Phase 2: fresh connection, skip 1E, go straight to 0A with cached key
+    t2, proto2 = connect_proto(host, port)
+    try:
+        print("  Phase 2: fresh connection — startup + 0A directly (no 1E)")
+        proto2.startup()
+
+        _hdr, rec_len = proto2.read_waveform_header(key4)
+        print(f"  0A OK  rec_len=0x{rec_len:02X}")
+
+        record = proto2.read_waveform_record(key4)
+        has_peaks = b"Tran" in record
+        print(f"  0C OK  {len(record)} bytes  has_peaks={has_peaks}")
+
+        details = {
+            "cached_key":  key4.hex(),
+            "0c_bytes":    len(record),
+            "has_peaks":   has_peaks,
+        }
+        return "PASS", "0A works with cached key — 1E discovery can be skipped on known sessions", details
+
+    except ProtocolError as exc:
+        return "FAIL", f"0A failed with cached key (device needs 1E first?): {exc}", {"key": key4.hex()}
+    finally:
+        t2.disconnect()
+
+
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#  EXP5 — Fewer POLLs before 5A (try POLL×1 instead of Blastware's POLL×3)
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#
+#  Blastware always sends 3 full POLL probe+data cycles between 1F and 5A.
+#  Each POLL is a round trip. Can we get away with just 1?
+#
+#  WARNING: If POLL×1 fails, the device may be in a bad state. We try to
+#  recover with an extra POLL×2 and a fresh 5A attempt. Even on failure we
+#  try to leave the device in a usable state.
+#
+#  Strategy: run the full event sequence up to 1F(download), then try 5A
+#  with only 1 POLL. If 5A responds → PASS. If timeout → try 2 more POLLs
+#  and check if the device recovers.
+
+def exp_fewer_polls(host: str, port: int) -> tuple[str, str, dict]:
+    """Full sequence to 1F, then only 1 POLL before 5A (Blastware does 3)."""
+    t, proto = connect_proto(host, port)
+    try:
+        proto.startup()
+
+        key4, data8 = proto.read_event_first()
+        if data8[4:8] == b"\x00\x00\x00\x00":
+            return "INCONCLUSIVE", "No events stored — cannot test", {}
+        print(f"  Event key: {key4.hex()}")
+
+        # Full setup: 0A → 1E-arm → 0C → 1F(download)
+        _hdr, rec_len = proto.read_waveform_header(key4)
+        print(f"  0A OK  rec_len=0x{rec_len:02X}")
+        proto.read_event_first(token=0xFE)   # 1E-arm
+        print("  1E-arm OK")
+        proto.read_waveform_record(key4)
+        print("  0C OK")
+        arm_key4, _ = proto.advance_event(browse=False)  # 1F(download) — arms 5A
+        print(f"  1F(download) OK  arm_key={arm_key4.hex()}")
+
+        # Only 1 POLL (Blastware does 3)
+        print("  Sending 1 POLL (instead of 3)…")
+        proto.poll()
+        print("  POLL ok — now probing 5A…")
+
+        try:
+            frames = proto.read_bulk_waveform_stream(key4, stop_after_metadata=True, max_chunks=12)
+            print(f"  5A OK after 1 POLL  — {len(frames)} frames received")
+            details = {"poll_count": 1, "frames": len(frames)}
+            return "PASS", "5A works with only 1 POLL (saved 2 round-trips per event)!", details
+
+        except ProtoTimeout:
+            print("  5A timed out after 1 POLL — device needs more POLLs")
+            # Attempt recovery: send 2 more POLLs and see if 5A then works
+            print("  Attempting recovery: 2 more POLLs…")
+            try:
+                proto.poll()
+                proto.poll()
+                frames2 = proto.read_bulk_waveform_stream(key4, stop_after_metadata=True, max_chunks=12)
+                print(f"  5A worked after total 3 POLLs ({len(frames2)} frames)")
+                return "FAIL", "5A needs 3 POLLs — 1 is not enough (recovery confirmed 3 still works)", {
+                    "poll_count_tried": 1, "recovery_polls": 3, "recovery_frames": len(frames2)
+                }
+            except ProtocolError as exc2:
+                return "FAIL", f"5A failed even after 3 total POLLs — device may need reconnect: {exc2}", {}
+
+    except ProtocolError as exc:
+        return "FAIL", f"Setup failed: {exc}", {}
+    finally:
+        t.disconnect()
+
+
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#  EXP6 — Compliance-only write (71×3→72), skip event index + trigger + waveform
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#
+#  Blastware's full write sequence: 68→73 | 71×3→72 | 82→83 | 69→74→72
+#  We want to know: can we write ONLY the compliance block (71×3→72)?
+#
+#  Test procedure:
+#    1. Read current compliance config (SUB 1A)
+#    2. Patch the "notes" field to a test marker
+#    3. Write ONLY 71×3→72 (skip 68, 73, 82, 83, 69, 74, final 72)
+#    4. Read back (SUB 1A) and verify the change was written
+#    5. Restore original value
+#
+#  If PASS: we can push individual config fields without touching event index,
+#           trigger config, or waveform data — huge simplification.
+#  If FAIL: the device needs the full write sequence (may reject partial write).
+#
+#  SAFETY: We restore original data in a finally block. If the restore write
+#  fails, the device will have the test marker in "notes" — harmless but visible.
+
+_EXP6_MARKER = "[exp6-test]"
+
+def exp_compliance_only(host: str, port: int) -> tuple[str, str, dict]:
+    """Write compliance block alone (71×3→72), verify, and restore."""
+    client, info = connect_client(host, port)
+    original_raw: Optional[bytes] = None
+    try:
+        proto = client._proto
+        if proto is None:
+            return "FAIL", "Could not get protocol handle from client", {}
+
+        # 1. Read current compliance
+        print("  Reading current compliance config (SUB 1A)…")
+        original_raw = proto.read_compliance_config()
+        print(f"  Got {len(original_raw)} bytes of compliance config")
+
+        # Find current notes value for display
+        info_obj = DeviceInfo()
+        _decode_compliance_config_into(original_raw, info_obj)
+        cc = info_obj.compliance_config
+        orig_notes = cc.notes if cc else "(unknown)"
+        print(f"  Current notes field: {orig_notes!r}")
+
+        # 2. Build modified payload with test marker in notes
+        test_notes = _EXP6_MARKER
+        modified_raw = _encode_compliance_config(
+            original_raw,
+            notes=test_notes,
+        )
+        print(f"  Encoded modified compliance payload ({len(modified_raw)} bytes)")
+        print(f"  Patching notes: {orig_notes!r} → {test_notes!r}")
+
+        # 3. Write ONLY the compliance block: 71×3 → 72
+        print("  Writing compliance ONLY (71×3→72) — skipping 68/73/82/83/69/74…")
+        proto.write_compliance_config_raw(modified_raw)
+        print("  Write complete — device acked 71×3→72")
+
+        # 4. Read back and verify
+        print("  Reading back compliance config to verify…")
+        readback_raw = proto.read_compliance_config()
+        readback_info = DeviceInfo()
+        _decode_compliance_config_into(readback_raw, readback_info)
+        rb_cc = readback_info.compliance_config
+        readback_notes = rb_cc.notes if rb_cc else "(decode failed)"
+        print(f"  Read-back notes: {readback_notes!r}")
+
+        write_worked = (readback_notes == test_notes)
+        print(f"  Write verified: {write_worked}")
+
+        details = {
+            "original_notes":  orig_notes,
+            "written_notes":   test_notes,
+            "readback_notes":  readback_notes,
+            "write_verified":  write_worked,
+        }
+
+        if write_worked:
+            return "PASS", "Compliance-only write works! No event index or trigger writes needed.", details
+        else:
+            return "FAIL", f"Write was not reflected in read-back (got {readback_notes!r})", details
+
+    except ProtocolError as exc:
+        return "FAIL", f"Protocol error: {exc}", {}
+
+    finally:
+        # Restore original compliance data regardless of outcome
+        if original_raw is not None:
+            print("  Restoring original compliance config…")
+            try:
+                proto2 = client._proto
+                if proto2:
+                    proto2.write_compliance_config_raw(
+                        _encode_compliance_config(original_raw)  # no-op patch = verbatim
+                    )
+                    print("  Restore complete")
+                else:
+                    print("  WARNING: protocol handle gone — could not restore")
+            except Exception as exc_r:
+                print(f"  WARNING: restore failed: {exc_r}")
+        client.close()
+
+
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+#  Registry + main
+# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+EXPERIMENTS = {
+    "cold_status":        ("EXP1", exp_cold_status,        "Monitor status (1C) with no POLL"),
+    "fast_event_count":   ("EXP2", exp_fast_event_count,   "Event count via POLL+08, skip identity reads"),
+    "no_5a":              ("EXP3", exp_no_5a,              "Event record (0C) without bulk waveform (5A)"),
+    "skip_1e":            ("EXP4", exp_skip_1e,            "0A/0C with cached key — skip initial 1E"),
+    "fewer_polls":        ("EXP5", exp_fewer_polls,        "1 POLL before 5A instead of Blastware's 3"),
+    "compliance_only":    ("EXP6", exp_compliance_only,    "Compliance-only write (71×3→72), no other blocks"),
+}
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="MiniMate Plus protocol minimization experiments")
+    ap.add_argument("--host", default=DEFAULT_HOST)
+    ap.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=DEFAULT_PORT)
+    ap.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true", help="Enable DEBUG wire logging")
+    ap.add_argument("experiments", nargs="*",
+                    help=f"Which to run (default: all). Choices: {', '.join(EXPERIMENTS)}")
+    args = ap.parse_args()
+
+    if args.debug:
+        logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+
+    which = args.experiments or list(EXPERIMENTS.keys())
+    unknown = [e for e in which if e not in EXPERIMENTS]
+    if unknown:
+        print(f"Unknown experiments: {unknown}")
+        print(f"Available: {', '.join(EXPERIMENTS)}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    print(f"\n{'═'*60}")
+    print(f"  MiniMate Plus Protocol Minimization Experiments")
+    print(f"  Target: {args.host}:{args.port}")
+    print(f"  Running: {', '.join(which)}")
+    print(f"{'═'*60}")
+
+    results: list[Result] = []
+    for key in which:
+        tag, fn, desc = EXPERIMENTS[key]
+        label = f"{tag}: {desc}"
+        r = run(label, fn, args.host, args.port)
+        results.append(r)
+        time.sleep(1.5)   # brief pause between experiments — let device settle
+
+    print(f"\n\n{'═'*60}")
+    print("  SUMMARY")
+    print(f"{'═'*60}")
+    for r in results:
+        sym = {"PASS": "✅", "FAIL": "❌", "INCONCLUSIVE": "⚠️ "}.get(r.outcome, "?")
+        print(f"  {sym}  {r.outcome:13s}  {r.name}")
+    print(f"{'═'*60}")
+
+    passed = sum(1 for r in results if r.outcome == "PASS")
+    failed = sum(1 for r in results if r.outcome == "FAIL")
+    skipped = sum(1 for r in results if r.outcome == "INCONCLUSIVE")
+    print(f"  {passed} passed  {failed} failed  {skipped} inconclusive")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    try:
+        main()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nInterrupted.")
+        sys.exit(0)

minimateplus/__init__.py

@@ -20,8 +20,16 @@ Typical usage (TCP / modem):
 """
 
 from .client import MiniMateClient
-from .models import DeviceInfo, Event
-from .transport import SerialTransport, TcpTransport
+from .models import DeviceInfo, Event, MonitorLogEntry
+from .transport import CapturingTransport, SerialTransport, TcpTransport
 
 __version__ = "0.1.0"
-__all__ = ["MiniMateClient", "DeviceInfo", "Event", "SerialTransport", "TcpTransport"]
+__all__ = [
+    "MiniMateClient",
+    "DeviceInfo",
+    "Event",
+    "MonitorLogEntry",
+    "SerialTransport",
+    "TcpTransport",
+    "CapturingTransport",
+]

minimateplus/blastware_file.py

@@ -0,0 +1,974 @@
+"""
+blastware_file.py — Blastware binary file codec for bidirectional interoperability.
+
+Reads and writes the proprietary Instantel/Blastware file formats:
+  Waveform events (.CE0W, .VM0H, .440, .7M0, etc.) (extension encoding UNKNOWN — see below)
+  .MLG                        — Monitor log (monitoring session history)
+
+All waveform formats share a common 22-byte file header prefix and identical
+internal binary structure (same type tag 00 12 03 00, same STRT record layout).
+Blastware identifies the file type by extension, not by a magic marker.
+
+EXTENSION ENCODING — V10.72 firmware FULLY CONFIRMED 2026-04-22:
+
+  Direct / manual download:   AB0    (3-char, no type character)
+  Call-home (ACH) download:   AB0W or AB0H  (4-char, W=waveform H=histogram)
+
+  AB = 2-char base-36 of (total_seconds % 1296), where
+  total_seconds = (event_local_time − 1985-01-01T00:00:00_local).
+  0 = always literal digit zero.
+  Verified against 3,248 call-home files from a 10-year production archive.
+
+  The 10-year archive contains only ACH files (all end in W or H).
+  Manual Blastware downloads produce 3-char AB0 extensions — same encoding
+  but without the trailing type character.
+
+  Old firmware (S338, 3-char extensions): encoding unknown / same as manual?
+  Micromate Series 4 uses a different scheme (literal datetime in filename).
+
+─── File structure overview ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+Waveform file structure (confirmed from example-events/4-3-26-multi/M529LIY6 (example event)):
+
+  [22B header] [21B STRT record] [body bytes] [26B footer]
+
+  Header (22 bytes):
+    10 00 01 80 00 00  — fixed prefix
+    49 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 65 6c 00  — b'Instantel\x00'
+    07 2c              — fixed
+    00 12 03 00        — waveform file type tag (shared by all waveform extensions)
+
+  STRT record (21 bytes, immediately follows header):
+    53 54 52 54  — b'STRT'
+    ff fe        — fixed (2 bytes)
+    [key4]       — 4-byte waveform event key
+    [key4]       — 4-byte waveform event key (repeated)
+    [zeros]      — 7 bytes padding
+    [rectime]    — uint8 record time in seconds
+
+  Body (variable — reconstructed from A5 frame data):
+    The body bytes are derived from the raw A5 frame wire content, specifically
+    from the DLE-decoded representation of each frame's contribution.  See the
+    _frame_body_bytes() helper for the exact algorithm.
+
+  Footer (26 bytes):
+    0e 08
+    [ts1: 8B big-endian timestamp]  — start timestamp
+    [ts2: 8B big-endian timestamp]  — stop timestamp
+    00 01 00 02 00 00
+    [crc: 2B]  — CRC (algorithm unconfirmed; written as 0x00 0x00 placeholder)
+
+  Timestamp format (big-endian, 8 bytes):
+    [day] [month] [year_HI] [year_LO] [0x00] [hour] [min] [sec]
+
+MLG (monitor log, confirmed from example-events/4-3-26-multi/BE11529.MLG):
+
+  [308B header] [N × 292B records]
+
+  Header (308 bytes):
+    Offset 0x00: 10 00 01 80 00 00 Instantel\x00 07 2c 22 01 0e a0  — fixed (16B)
+    Offset 0x10: ... (unknown structure, written as zeros + serial)
+    Offset 0x2A: serial number (8 bytes, null-padded ASCII, e.g. "BE11529")
+    ... zero-padded to 308 bytes total
+
+  Record (292 bytes each):
+    [2B CRC]  — unknown algorithm; written as 0x00 0x00
+    22 01 0e 80  — record marker
+    [ts1: 8B big-endian timestamp]  — start time
+    [ts2: 8B big-endian timestamp]  — stop time (zeros if no stop)
+    [4B flags]  — see MLG_FLAGS_* constants below
+    [10B serial]  — null-padded serial number ASCII
+    [text]  — for trigger records: [0x08][8B ts1_copy] then ASCII "Geo: X.XXX in/s"
+             for monitoring records: b'' (or minimal separator)
+    [zero-padded to 292 bytes]
+
+─── Critical implementation notes ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+Waveform body reconstruction algorithm (confirmed 2026-04-21 from verification against
+M529LIY6 (example event) using raw_s3_20260403_153508.bin capture):
+
+  The waveform body bytes come from the A5 frame content, stripped of DLE-framing
+  artifacts.  Each A5 frame contributes a different slice of its data section,
+  with DLE+{0x02,0x03,0x04} byte pairs stripped.
+
+  Skip amounts per frame index (offsets into frame.data):
+    A5[0] (probe):     data[strt_pos + 21 + 7]  (skip header + STRT record)
+                       strt_pos found by searching frame.data[7:] for b'STRT';
+                       the contribution starts at strt_pos + 21 within data[7:]
+                       which equals strt_pos + 21 + 7 within frame.data.
+    A5[1]:             data[13]   (skip 7-byte frame.data prefix + 6 header bytes)
+    A5[2..N]:          data[12]   (skip 7-byte frame.data prefix + 5 header bytes)
+    Terminator A5:     data[11]   (1 byte less than chunk frames; terminator inner header
+                                   is 4 bytes instead of 5 — confirmed 2026-04-21)
+
+  DLE strip rule (applied AFTER slicing):
+    Strip any 0x10 byte that is immediately followed by 0x02, 0x03, or 0x04.
+    This undoes the DLE-escape that S3FrameParser preserves as literal pairs.
+    Applied to frame.data[skip:] + bytes([frame.chk_byte]) together, then
+    conditionally exclude the trailing chk_byte from the output.
+
+  chk_byte absorption:
+    When frame.data[-1] == 0x10 AND frame.chk_byte ∈ {0x02, 0x03, 0x04},
+    the last byte of frame.data is the DLE prefix of a split DLE+chk pair.
+    Including chk_byte in the strip buffer allows the pair to be stripped as
+    a unit.  After stripping, the trailing chk_byte is ALWAYS removed — because
+    _strip_inner_frame_dles keeps the byte after the DLE (the chk_byte value),
+    and that value is the checksum, never payload.  This applies to all three
+    cases (chk ∈ {0x02, 0x03, 0x04}) identically.
+
+MLG CRC:
+  The algorithm that produces the 2-byte CRC at the start of each MLG record
+  is unknown.  All examined records use non-zero values that do not match
+  CRC-16/CCITT, CRC-16/IBM, CRC-32 (truncated), word sums, XOR variants, or
+  any of the 40+ polynomial/init combinations tested.  The writer emits 0x0000.
+  This produces files that Blastware may reject or display without the CRC check —
+  the exact impact on BW import is unknown (TODO: test).
+
+─── Public API ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  blastware_filename(event, serial)
+      Return the correct Blastware filename for an event (e.g. "M529LIY6.CE0W").
+      Full AB0T extension encoding confirmed 2026-04-22 against 3,248 archive files.
+      Extension matches what Blastware itself would generate for the same event.
+
+  write_blastware_file(event, a5_frames, path)
+      Create a Blastware waveform file from an Event and the full A5 frame list.
+      All waveform extensions share the same binary format — the extension is set
+      by blastware_filename() based on the event timestamp and type.
+
+  read_blastware_file(path) → Event
+      Parse a Blastware waveform file into an Event object with waveform data populated.
+      (Not yet implemented — placeholder raises NotImplementedError.)
+
+  write_mlg(entries, serial, path)
+      Create a .MLG file from a list of MonitorLogEntry objects.
+
+  read_mlg(path) → list[MonitorLogEntry]
+      Parse a .MLG file into MonitorLogEntry objects.
+      (Not yet implemented — placeholder raises NotImplementedError.)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import logging
+import struct
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .framing import S3Frame
+from .models import Event, MonitorLogEntry, Timestamp
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# ── File header constants ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+# Common 16-byte prefix shared by waveform files and MLG (confirmed from binary inspection).
+_FILE_HEADER_PREFIX = bytes.fromhex("1000018000004973") + b"tantel\x00\x07\x2c"
+# = 10 00 01 80 00 00 49 73 74 61 6e 74 65 6c 00 07 2c  (17 bytes)
+# Confirmed breakdown: 10 00 01 80 00 00 = fixed; "Instantel\x00" = 10B; 07 2c = fixed
+
+# Simpler construction:
+_FILE_HEADER_PREFIX = b"\x10\x00\x01\x80\x00\x00Instantel\x00\x07\x2c"  # 17 bytes
+
+# Waveform file type tag (4 bytes after common prefix) — shared by ALL waveform extensions
+_WAVEFORM_TYPE_TAG = b"\x00\x12\x03\x00"   # confirmed from M529LIY6 (example event) — same tag for .CE0W, .VM0H, etc.
+
+# MLG type tag (4 bytes after common prefix)
+_MLG_TYPE_TAG = b"\x22\x01\x0e\xa0"   # confirmed from BE11529.MLG  offset 0x11..0x14
+
+# Total header sizes
+_WAVEFORM_HEADER_SIZE = 22    # 17 + 4 = 21... wait. Let me recalculate.
+# From binary: first 22 bytes = header, then STRT at byte 22.
+# 17-byte common prefix + 4-byte type tag = 21 bytes. But observed header is 22B.
+# Checking: 6 fixed + 10 "Instantel\x00" + 2 "07 2c" = 18B prefix, then 4B type tag = 22B.
+# Re-count: b"\x10\x00\x01\x80\x00\x00" = 6B + b"Instantel\x00" = 10B + b"\x07\x2c" = 2B = 18B prefix.
+_FILE_HEADER_PREFIX = b"\x10\x00\x01\x80\x00\x00Instantel\x00\x07\x2c"  # 18 bytes
+_WAVEFORM_HEADER_SIZE = 22    # 18 + 4 = 22 bytes ✅
+_MLG_HEADER_SIZE = 308   # confirmed from BE11529.MLG
+
+# MLG record marker (4 bytes after 2-byte CRC at start of each record)
+_MLG_RECORD_MARKER = b"\x22\x01\x0e\x80"
+_MLG_RECORD_SIZE   = 292   # bytes per record (confirmed from BE11529.MLG)
+
+# MLG record flags (4 bytes at record[22:26])
+# Confirmed from BE11529.MLG binary inspection:
+MLG_FLAGS_START_ONLY = b"\xff\xff\x00\x00"   # monitoring start with no stop
+MLG_FLAGS_TRIGGER    = b"\x01\x00\x02\x00"   # triggered event (has ts1 + ts2)
+MLG_FLAGS_INTERVAL   = b"\x02\x00\x00\x00"   # monitoring interval (has ts1 + ts2)
+
+
+# ── Timestamp helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def _encode_ts_be(ts: Optional[datetime.datetime]) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Encode a datetime as an 8-byte big-endian Blastware timestamp.
+
+    Format (waveform file and MLG record timestamps):
+      [day][month][year_HI][year_LO][0x00][hour][min][sec]
+
+    Big-endian year confirmed from M529LIY6 (example event) footer:
+      footer bytes [2..9] = 01 04 07 ea 00 00 1c 08
+      → day=1 month=4 year=0x07ea=2026 hour=0 min=28 sec=8  ✅
+
+    Returns 8 zero bytes if ts is None.
+    """
+    if ts is None:
+        return bytes(8)
+    return bytes([
+        ts.day,
+        ts.month,
+        (ts.year >> 8) & 0xFF,
+        ts.year & 0xFF,
+        0x00,
+        ts.hour,
+        ts.minute,
+        ts.second,
+    ])
+
+
+def _decode_ts_be(raw: bytes) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
+    """
+    Decode an 8-byte big-endian Blastware timestamp.
+
+    Returns None if the bytes are all zero or structurally invalid.
+    """
+    if len(raw) < 8 or raw == bytes(8):
+        return None
+    day   = raw[0]
+    month = raw[1]
+    year  = (raw[2] << 8) | raw[3]
+    hour  = raw[5]
+    minute = raw[6]
+    sec   = raw[7]
+    try:
+        return datetime.datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, sec)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+
+
+def _ts_from_model(ts: Optional[Timestamp]) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
+    """Convert a models.Timestamp to datetime.datetime, or None."""
+    if ts is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        return datetime.datetime(ts.year, ts.month, ts.day, ts.hour, ts.minute, ts.second)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        return None
+
+
+# ── DLE strip helper ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def _strip_inner_frame_dles(data: bytes) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Strip DLE (0x10) framing markers from A5 inner-frame content.
+
+    The A5 (bulk waveform stream) response body contains DLE-encoded sub-frame
+    structure.  S3FrameParser preserves DLE+XX pairs as two literal bytes in
+    frame.data.  Only the DLE marker byte needs to be removed; the following
+    byte is actual payload content.
+
+    Rule: when 0x10 is immediately followed by {0x02, 0x03, 0x04}, strip the
+    0x10 (DLE marker) and keep the following byte as payload.
+
+    Lone 0x10 bytes not followed by {0x02, 0x03, 0x04} are kept as-is.
+
+    Confirmed correct by verifying reconstructed waveform body against M529LIY6 (example event):
+      - 0x10 0x02 in terminator → 0x02 kept ✓
+      - 0x10 0x04 in terminator (month byte) → 0x04 kept ✓
+    """
+    out = bytearray()
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(data):
+        b = data[i]
+        if b == 0x10 and i + 1 < len(data) and data[i + 1] in {0x02, 0x03, 0x04}:
+            # Strip the DLE marker; the next byte is payload and will be appended
+            # in the next loop iteration.
+            i += 1
+            continue
+        out.append(b)
+        i += 1
+    return bytes(out)
+
+
+def _frame_body_bytes(frame: S3Frame, skip: int) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Extract the waveform body contribution from one A5 S3Frame.
+
+    The contribution is frame.data[skip:] with inner-frame DLE pairs stripped
+    per _strip_inner_frame_dles().  The chk_byte is temporarily appended before
+    stripping to handle the split-pair edge case where a DLE at the end of
+    frame.data is paired with chk_byte.
+
+    Split-pair edge case (confirmed for A5[8] of M529LIY6 (example event), 2026-04-21):
+
+    S3FrameParser appends DLE+XX pairs as two literal bytes when XX ∉ {DLE, ETX}.
+    When the LAST occurrence of such a pair straddles the payload/checksum boundary
+    (i.e., DLE is the last byte of raw_payload and XX is the checksum), the parser
+    splits them:
+      - DLE ends up as the last byte of frame.data  (frame.data[-1] == 0x10)
+      - XX is stored as frame.chk_byte
+
+    To strip the pair correctly, we reunite the bytes before calling the strip
+    function.  Since chk_byte is the checksum (not payload data), it is excluded
+    from the final output regardless of whether it was part of a pair.
+
+    Post-strip chk_byte removal (ALL cases):
+      _strip_inner_frame_dles strips the 0x10 and KEEPS chk_byte in all cases.
+      Chk_byte is always the checksum (not payload), so always strip it off.
+
+    Args:
+        frame: S3Frame with frame.data and frame.chk_byte populated.
+        skip:  Number of leading bytes in frame.data to exclude (frame header).
+
+    Returns:
+        bytes — the waveform body contribution for this frame.
+    """
+    if skip >= len(frame.data):
+        return b""
+
+    relevant = frame.data[skip:]
+
+    # Detect split DLE+chk pair at the frame boundary.
+    has_split_pair = (
+        len(relevant) > 0
+        and relevant[-1] == 0x10
+        and frame.chk_byte in {0x02, 0x03, 0x04}
+    )
+
+    if has_split_pair:
+        # Reunite the split pair so the strip function sees both bytes together.
+        buf = relevant + bytes([frame.chk_byte])
+        stripped = _strip_inner_frame_dles(buf)
+        # _strip_inner_frame_dles strips the DLE (0x10) and KEEPS chk_byte.
+        # chk_byte is the received checksum — never payload — so remove it.
+        # This is correct for all values in {0x02, 0x03, 0x04}.
+        if stripped:
+            stripped = stripped[:-1]
+        return stripped
+    else:
+        return _strip_inner_frame_dles(relevant)
+
+
+# ── Filename helper ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+_INSTANTEL_EPOCH = datetime.datetime(1985, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
+"""
+Instantel timestamp epoch — January 1, 1985, 00:00:00 local time.
+Confirmed 2026-04-21: stem values for 6 independent events (April 1–9, 2026)
+all converge to this epoch when decoded as floor(seconds_since_epoch / 1296).
+1985 is the year Instantel was founded.
+"""
+
+_STEM_UNIT_SEC = 1296  # = 36^2 seconds ≈ 21.6 minutes per stem unit
+
+_STEM_CHARS = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+
+# ── Waveform file extension encoding ─────────────────────────────────────────
+#
+# NEW FIRMWARE (V10.72+) — FULLY DECODED (confirmed 2026-04-21, 10-year archive):
+#
+#   Extension format: AB0T  (4 characters)
+#     AB = 2-char base-36 encoding of (seconds_since_epoch % 1296)
+#          i.e. the number of seconds into the current 21.6-minute stem window
+#          Range: 0 ("00") to 1295 ("ZZ")
+#     0  = always literal '0'
+#     T  = event type:  'W' = Full Waveform,  'H' = Full Histogram
+#
+#   Combined with the 4-char stem (which encodes seconds_since_epoch // 1296),
+#   the FULL filename gives a second-resolution timestamp:
+#     total_seconds = stem_val * 1296 + ab_val
+#     timestamp = EPOCH + timedelta(seconds=total_seconds)
+#
+#   Verified against three S353L4H0 events (all three match to the second):
+#     S353L4H0.3M0W  Full Waveform   2025-06-23 13:57:22  AB=3M=130  ✓
+#     S353L4H0.8S0H  Full Histogram  2025-06-23 14:00:28  AB=8S=316  ✓
+#     S353L4H0.9X0W  Full Waveform   2025-06-23 14:01:09  AB=9X=357  ✓
+#
+# OLD FIRMWARE (S338, 3-char extensions ending in '0') — UNKNOWN:
+#   Observed (old firmware / manual downloads): .440, .470, .7M0, .9T0, .EI0, etc.
+#   The V10.72 formula does NOT apply to these.
+#   Extension is NOT recording mode (refuted 2026-04-21: continuous → .EI0, not .9T0).
+#   blastware_filename() computes the correct AB0 extension for V10.72 firmware.
+#
+# WRONG earlier assumption (do not re-introduce):
+#   Extension was believed to encode recording mode × sample rate.
+#   Refuted by continuous-mode event producing .EI0 instead of .9T0.
+
+
+def _make_stem(ts_local: datetime.datetime) -> str:
+    """
+    Encode a local timestamp as a 4-character uppercase base-36 stem.
+
+    Algorithm (confirmed 2026-04-21 from 6 known file/timestamp pairs):
+      stem_int = floor((ts_local - Jan_1_1985_midnight_local) / 1296_seconds)
+      stem = 4-char uppercase base-36 encoding of stem_int
+
+    Unit = 36² = 1296 seconds ≈ 21.6 minutes.  Events within the same 1296-second
+    window receive the same stem; their extension distinguishes them.
+    """
+    delta_sec = int((ts_local - _INSTANTEL_EPOCH).total_seconds())
+    n = delta_sec // _STEM_UNIT_SEC
+    s = ""
+    for _ in range(4):
+        s = _STEM_CHARS[n % 36] + s
+        n //= 36
+    return s
+
+
+def blastware_filename(event: Event, serial: str, ach: bool = False) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the correct Blastware filename for an event.
+
+    CONFIRMED 2026-04-22 — verified against 3,248 files from a 10-year archive.
+
+    Filename format: <prefix_letter><serial3><stem><AB>0[T]
+    where:
+
+      prefix_letter = chr(ord('B') + floor(serial_numeric / 1000))
+        — encodes the production generation (batch of 1000 units)
+        — e.g. BE6907→H, BE11529→M, BE14036→P, BE18003→T
+
+      serial3 = f"{serial_numeric % 1000:03d}"
+        — last 3 digits of numeric serial, zero-padded
+
+      stem = 4-char base-36 of floor(total_seconds / 1296)
+        — encodes which 21.6-minute window the event fell in
+
+      AB = 2-char base-36 of (total_seconds % 1296)
+        — encodes seconds within the window (0–1295)
+
+      0 = always literal digit zero
+
+      T = 'W' or 'H' — ONLY appended for call-home (ACH) downloads (ach=True).
+        Manual / direct downloads produce a 3-char extension (AB0) with no type char.
+        Call-home downloads produce a 4-char extension (AB0W or AB0H).
+
+      total_seconds = (event_local_time − 1985-01-01T00:00:00_local) in seconds
+
+    The 10-year production archive contains only call-home files (all end in W or H).
+    Manual Blastware downloads produce 3-char extensions — the same AB0 prefix but
+    without the trailing type character.
+
+    Micromate Series 4 uses a completely different naming scheme (literal datetime
+    in filename); this function does not apply to Micromate units.
+
+    Args:
+        event:  Event object with timestamp set.
+        serial: Device serial number string (e.g. "BE11529").
+        ach:    If True, append W/H type character (call-home style).
+                If False (default), omit type character (direct download style).
+
+    Returns:
+        Filename string, e.g. "M529LIY6.CE0" (direct) or "M529LIY6.CE0H" (ACH).
+    """
+    # ── Serial prefix ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    serial_digits = "".join(c for c in serial if c.isdigit())
+    if len(serial_digits) >= 1:
+        serial_numeric = int(serial_digits)
+        generation = serial_numeric // 1000
+        prefix_letter = chr(ord('B') + generation)
+        serial3 = f"{serial_numeric % 1000:03d}"
+    else:
+        prefix_letter = "M"   # fallback
+        serial3 = "000"
+    prefix = prefix_letter + serial3
+
+    # ── Stem + AB extension from timestamp ────────────────────────────────────
+    if event.timestamp is not None:
+        try:
+            ts_local = datetime.datetime(
+                event.timestamp.year, event.timestamp.month, event.timestamp.day,
+                event.timestamp.hour, event.timestamp.minute, event.timestamp.second,
+            )
+            delta_sec = int((ts_local - _INSTANTEL_EPOCH).total_seconds())
+            stem = _make_stem(ts_local)
+            ab_val = delta_sec % _STEM_UNIT_SEC
+            ab_str = _STEM_CHARS[ab_val // 36] + _STEM_CHARS[ab_val % 36]
+        except (ValueError, TypeError, AttributeError):
+            stem = "0000"
+            ab_str = "00"
+    else:
+        stem = "0000"
+        ab_str = "00"
+
+    # ── Type character (ACH only) ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+    if ach:
+        if getattr(event, 'recording_mode', None) in (3, 4):  # Histogram / Hist+Cont
+            type_char = 'H'
+        else:
+            type_char = 'W'
+        ext = f".{ab_str}0{type_char}"
+    else:
+        ext = f".{ab_str}0"
+
+    return prefix + stem + ext
+
+
+# ── A5 frame classifier ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+# ASCII markers that identify a compliance-config / metadata frame.
+# These strings appear in the A5 bulk stream as part of the device's
+# compliance setup payload.  They should NEVER appear in raw ADC waveform
+# frames (which are binary-heavy, < 20 % printable ASCII).
+_METADATA_FRAME_MARKERS = (
+    b"Project:",
+    b"Client:",
+    b"Standard Recording Setup",
+    b"Extended Notes",
+    b"User Name:",
+    b"Seis Loc:",
+)
+
+
+def classify_frame(frame: S3Frame) -> str:
+    """
+    Classify an A5 bulk waveform stream frame by its content.
+
+    Returns one of:
+        "terminator"    — page_key == 0x0000
+        "probe_or_strt" — data contains b"STRT\xff\xfe" (the initial probe response)
+        "metadata"      — data contains ASCII compliance-config markers
+        "waveform"      — predominantly binary (< 20 % printable ASCII)
+        "unknown"       — none of the above criteria matched
+
+    Used by write_blastware_file() to filter non-waveform frames out of
+    the reconstructed body so that metadata blocks (Project:, Client:, …)
+    and spurious STRT records do not corrupt the output file.
+    """
+    if frame.page_key == 0x0000:
+        return "terminator"
+    data = bytes(frame.data)
+    if b"STRT\xff\xfe" in data:
+        return "probe_or_strt"
+    if any(m in data for m in _METADATA_FRAME_MARKERS):
+        return "metadata"
+    if len(data) > 0:
+        printable = sum(1 for b in data if 32 <= b < 127)
+        if printable / len(data) < 0.20:
+            return "waveform"
+    return "unknown"
+
+
+# ── Waveform file writer ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def write_blastware_file(
+    event: Event,
+    a5_frames: list[S3Frame],
+    path: Union[str, Path],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Write a Blastware waveform file from a downloaded event.
+
+    Args:
+        event:     Event object (populated by get_events() or download_waveform()).
+                   Used for the STRT record (key, rectime) and footer timestamps.
+        a5_frames: Complete A5 frame list INCLUDING the terminator frame
+                   (page_key=0x0000).  Pass include_terminator=True to
+                   read_bulk_waveform_stream() when collecting frames.
+                   Must have at least 2 frames (probe + terminator).
+        path:      Destination file path.  Parent directory must exist.
+                   Extension should be set via blastware_filename().
+
+    File layout:
+        [22B header] [21B STRT] [body bytes] [26B footer]
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: if a5_frames is empty or has no terminator (page_key=0).
+        OSError: if the file cannot be written.
+
+    Confirmed correct waveform body reconstruction against M529LIY6 (example event) (2026-04-21).
+    """
+    if not a5_frames:
+        raise ValueError("a5_frames must not be empty")
+
+    path = Path(path)
+
+    # ── Extract STRT record from probe frame ────────────────────────────────
+    # The STRT record (21 bytes) lives verbatim inside A5[0].data[7:].
+    # It is stored as-is in the waveform file — do NOT reconstruct it from Event
+    # fields, as bytes [10:14] and [14:20] contain device-specific values
+    # (not simply key4 repeated or zero-padded).  Confirmed 2026-04-21.
+    #
+    # STRT layout (21 bytes, observed in M529LIY6 files):
+    #   [0:4]   b'STRT'
+    #   [4:6]   0xff 0xfe (fixed)
+    #   [6:10]  key4 (event key)
+    #   [10:14] device-specific field (NOT a key4 repeat)
+    #   [14:20] device-specific fields (NOT zeros)
+    #   [20]    rectime uint8 seconds
+    # Extract STRT from the DLE-stripped probe frame.
+    #
+    # frame.data[7:] is the raw wire representation; it may contain DLE+{02,03,04}
+    # inner-frame pairs that S3FrameParser preserves as two literal bytes.  The
+    # Blastware file stores the stripped form, so we must strip before extracting.
+    #
+    # Example (M529LK0Y, 2026-04-21): STRT contains value 0x02 encoded as [10 02]
+    # on the wire.  Without stripping, STRT is 22 raw bytes → write_blastware_file writes the
+    # DLE prefix into the file AND begins the body 1 byte too early (probe_skip off
+    # by 1).  Stripping fixes both.
+    #
+    # probe_skip must be computed in the RAW frame.data domain (it is used as the
+    # `skip` argument to _frame_body_bytes which operates on raw frame.data).
+    # We walk the raw bytes counting stripped bytes until we have passed
+    # strt_pos + 21 stripped bytes, giving the raw offset of the first body byte.
+    w0_raw = bytes(a5_frames[0].data[7:])
+    w0_stripped = _strip_inner_frame_dles(w0_raw)
+    strt_pos_stripped = w0_stripped.find(b"STRT")
+
+    if strt_pos_stripped >= 0:
+        strt = bytes(w0_stripped[strt_pos_stripped : strt_pos_stripped + 21])
+
+        # Walk raw bytes to find the raw-domain end of the STRT (= body start).
+        target_stripped = strt_pos_stripped + 21
+        stripped_so_far = 0
+        raw_i = 0
+        while stripped_so_far < target_stripped and raw_i < len(w0_raw):
+            if (w0_raw[raw_i] == 0x10
+                    and raw_i + 1 < len(w0_raw)
+                    and w0_raw[raw_i + 1] in {0x02, 0x03, 0x04}):
+                raw_i += 2   # DLE pair → 1 stripped byte, 2 raw bytes
+            else:
+                raw_i += 1   # normal byte → 1 stripped byte, 1 raw byte
+            stripped_so_far += 1
+        probe_skip = 7 + raw_i  # raw bytes to skip: 7 header + raw STRT length
+    else:
+        # Fallback: construct a minimal STRT if probe frame lacks it
+        key4 = event._waveform_key if hasattr(event, '_waveform_key') and event._waveform_key else bytes(4)
+        rectime = event.rectime_seconds if event.rectime_seconds is not None else 0
+        strt = b"STRT" + b"\xff\xfe" + key4 + bytes(14) + bytes([rectime & 0xFF])
+        probe_skip = 7 + 21
+
+    log.debug(
+        "write_blastware_file: strt_pos_stripped=%d  probe_skip=%d  "
+        "probe_data_len=%d  strt_hex=%s",
+        strt_pos_stripped if strt_pos_stripped >= 0 else -1,
+        probe_skip,
+        len(a5_frames[0].data),
+        strt.hex() if len(strt) >= 4 else "(short)",
+    )
+
+    if len(strt) != 21:
+        raise ValueError(f"STRT record must be 21 bytes, got {len(strt)}")
+
+    # ── Build waveform file header ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    header = _FILE_HEADER_PREFIX + _WAVEFORM_TYPE_TAG
+    assert len(header) == _WAVEFORM_HEADER_SIZE, f"Waveform header must be {_WAVEFORM_HEADER_SIZE} bytes"
+
+    # ── Build body from A5 frames ────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # The waveform body is reconstructed from ALL A5 frames (data + terminator).
+    # The terminator frame's contribution includes the 26-byte footer at its end.
+    #
+    # Reconstruction layout (confirmed from M529LIY6 captures, 2026-04-21):
+    #   all_bytes = contributions from A5[0..N] + terminator_contribution
+    #   body      = all_bytes[:-26]   (everything except the last 26 bytes)
+    #   footer    = all_bytes[-26:]   (last 26 bytes = the waveform file footer)
+    #
+    # The footer bytes come directly from the terminator frame's inner content —
+    # using them verbatim ensures timestamps match the device's recorded values.
+
+    # Separate terminator from data frames.
+    # Search from the FRONT for the first terminator (page_key == 0x0000).
+    # Do NOT use a5_frames[-1] — if _a5_frames contains stray frames from a
+    # subsequent event (a known get_events side-effect), the last frame will
+    # not be the terminator and the footer will be mis-identified.
+    # TERM detection (v0.14.0): last frame if page_key != 0x0010 (sample marker)
+    term_idx: Optional[int] = None
+    if a5_frames and a5_frames[-1].page_key != 0x0010:
+        term_idx = len(a5_frames) - 1
+
+    if term_idx is not None:
+        body_frames = a5_frames[:term_idx]
+        term_frame  = a5_frames[term_idx]
+    else:
+        body_frames = a5_frames
+        term_frame  = None
+
+    # Frame contribution loop (v0.14.0 BW-exact walk).
+    # Skip values:
+    #   probe (fi=0):           probe_skip
+    #   meta@0x1002 (fi=1):     13 (6-byte inner header)
+    #   meta@0x1004 (fi=2):     13 (6-byte inner header)
+    #   sample chunks (fi=3+):  12 (5-byte inner header)
+    last_fi = len(body_frames) - 1
+
+    log.debug(
+        "write_blastware_file: %d body_frames  last_fi=%d",
+        len(body_frames), last_fi,
+    )
+
+    all_bytes = bytearray()
+
+    for fi, frame in enumerate(body_frames):
+        if fi == 0:
+            skip = probe_skip
+        elif fi in (1, 2):
+            skip = 13   # metadata pages
+        else:
+            skip = 12   # sample chunks
+
+        contribution = _frame_body_bytes(frame, skip)
+        log.debug("write_blastware_file: fi=%d skip=%d raw_data=%d contribution=%d",
+                  fi, skip, len(frame.data), len(contribution))
+        all_bytes.extend(contribution)
+
+    # Terminator contributes its content, which ends with the 26-byte footer.
+    # skip=11 (not 12) because the terminator's inner frame header is 4 bytes,
+    # one shorter than chunk frames' 5-byte inner header.  Confirmed 2026-04-21.
+    if term_frame is not None:
+        term_contribution = _frame_body_bytes(term_frame, 11)
+        log.debug(
+            "write_blastware_file: term_frame data_len=%d  skip=11  "
+            "contribution_len=%d  first8=%s",
+            len(term_frame.data),
+            len(term_contribution),
+            term_contribution[:8].hex() if len(term_contribution) >= 8 else term_contribution.hex(),
+        )
+        all_bytes.extend(term_contribution)
+
+    log.debug(
+        "write_blastware_file: all_bytes total=%d  last28=%s",
+        len(all_bytes),
+        bytes(all_bytes[-28:]).hex() if len(all_bytes) >= 28 else bytes(all_bytes).hex(),
+    )
+
+    # NOTE: The "duplicate header+STRT strip" logic from v0.13.x has been
+    # REMOVED in v0.14.2.  Under the v0.14.0 BW-exact 5A walk, body assembly
+    # is just contiguous concatenation of frame contributions in stream order
+    # (probe → meta@0x1002 → meta@0x1004 → samples → TERM), exactly as BW
+    # writes its files.  The previous strip was matching the `00 12 03 00 STRT`
+    # byte sequence in legitimate waveform data — sample chunks at counter
+    # 0x1000 and beyond often contain those bytes coincidentally — and
+    # zeroing 25 bytes of valid samples per match.  Compared to a known-good
+    # BW reference for the same 3-sec event 0, the strip introduced 26 bytes
+    # of zeros that BW did not have, then propagated alignment differences
+    # through the rest of the body.  See decode_test/5-1-26/bw vs SFM diff
+    # at file[0x1012..0x102B] (2026-05-04 analysis).
+
+    # Find the first valid 0e 08 footer marker (v0.14.0).
+    footer_pos = -1
+    pos = 0
+    while True:
+        pos = bytes(all_bytes).find(b"\x0e\x08", pos)
+        if pos < 0 or pos + 26 > len(all_bytes):
+            break
+        yr = (all_bytes[pos + 4] << 8) | all_bytes[pos + 5]
+        if 2015 <= yr <= 2050:
+            footer_pos = pos
+            break
+        pos += 1
+    if footer_pos >= 0:
+        body   = bytes(all_bytes[:footer_pos])
+        footer = bytes(all_bytes[footer_pos:footer_pos + 26])
+        log.debug(
+            "write_blastware_file: real 0e 08 footer at all_bytes[%d]; "
+            "truncating %d post-footer bytes",
+            footer_pos, len(all_bytes) - footer_pos - 26,
+        )
+    elif len(all_bytes) >= 26:
+        body   = bytes(all_bytes[:-26])
+        footer = bytes(all_bytes[-26:])
+    else:
+        body = bytes(all_bytes)
+        start_dt = _ts_from_model(event.timestamp)
+        stop_dt: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None
+        if start_dt is not None and event.rectime_seconds:
+            stop_dt = start_dt + datetime.timedelta(seconds=event.rectime_seconds)
+        footer = (
+            b"\x0e\x08"
+            + _encode_ts_be(start_dt)
+            + _encode_ts_be(stop_dt)
+            + b"\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\x00"
+            + b"\x00\x00"
+        )
+
+    # ── Write file ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    with open(path, "wb") as f:
+        f.write(header)
+        f.write(strt)
+        f.write(body)
+        f.write(footer)
+
+
+def read_blastware_file(path: Union[str, Path]) -> Event:
+    """
+    Parse a Blastware waveform file into an Event object.
+
+    NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Path to the waveform file.
+
+    Returns:
+        Event object with waveform data populated.
+
+    Raises:
+        NotImplementedError: always (pending implementation).
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError("read_blastware_file() is not yet implemented")
+
+
+# ── MLG file writer ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def _build_mlg_header(serial: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Build the 308-byte MLG file header.
+
+    Header structure (confirmed from BE11529.MLG binary inspection):
+      Offset 0x00: 10 00 01 80 00 00 Instantel\x00 07 2c 22 01 0e a0  (22B)
+      Offset 0x16: ... (16B unknown — observed as zeros in BE11529.MLG)
+      Offset 0x2A: serial number (8 bytes, null-padded ASCII)
+      ... rest zero-padded to 308 bytes
+
+    The serial string "BE11529" appears at offset 0x2A (42 decimal).
+    """
+    buf = bytearray(_MLG_HEADER_SIZE)
+
+    # Common prefix + MLG type tag
+    prefix = _FILE_HEADER_PREFIX + _MLG_TYPE_TAG  # 22 bytes
+    buf[0:len(prefix)] = prefix
+
+    # Serial number at offset 0x2A
+    serial_bytes = serial.encode("ascii", errors="replace")[:8]
+    serial_padded = serial_bytes.ljust(8, b"\x00")
+    buf[0x2A : 0x2A + 8] = serial_padded
+
+    return bytes(buf)
+
+
+def _build_mlg_record(
+    entry: MonitorLogEntry,
+    serial: str,
+) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Build one 292-byte MLG record from a MonitorLogEntry.
+
+    Record layout (confirmed from BE11529.MLG binary inspection):
+      [0:2]    CRC         — 2-byte CRC (algorithm unknown; written as 0x0000)
+      [2:6]    marker      — 22 01 0e 80
+      [6:14]   ts1         — 8B big-endian start timestamp
+      [14:22]  ts2         — 8B big-endian stop timestamp
+      [22:26]  flags       — 4B record flags (see MLG_FLAGS_* constants)
+      [26:36]  serial      — 10B null-padded serial number
+      [36:]    text        — for triggered events: [0x08][8B ts1_copy]["Geo: X.XXX in/s"]
+                             for monitoring intervals: b"" or minimal separator
+      [... zero-padded to 292 bytes]
+
+    Flags based on entry type:
+      - MonitorLogEntry with start_time only (no stop_time): MLG_FLAGS_START_ONLY
+      - MonitorLogEntry with both times and geo_threshold_ips set: MLG_FLAGS_TRIGGER
+      - MonitorLogEntry with both times (monitoring interval): MLG_FLAGS_INTERVAL
+
+    The triggered-event text block (flags = MLG_FLAGS_TRIGGER):
+      [0x08] [ts1: 8B] [ASCII "Geo: X.XXX in/s\x00"]
+    Confirmed from BE11529.MLG records at offset 0x0134 and 0x0258.
+    """
+    buf = bytearray(_MLG_RECORD_SIZE)
+
+    start_dt = (
+        datetime.datetime(
+            entry.start_time.year, entry.start_time.month, entry.start_time.day,
+            entry.start_time.hour, entry.start_time.minute, entry.start_time.second,
+        )
+        if entry.start_time else None
+    )
+    stop_dt = (
+        datetime.datetime(
+            entry.stop_time.year, entry.stop_time.month, entry.stop_time.day,
+            entry.stop_time.hour, entry.stop_time.minute, entry.stop_time.second,
+        )
+        if entry.stop_time else None
+    )
+
+    # [0:2] CRC placeholder
+    buf[0:2] = b"\x00\x00"
+
+    # [2:6] Record marker
+    buf[2:6] = _MLG_RECORD_MARKER
+
+    # [6:14] ts1
+    buf[6:14] = _encode_ts_be(start_dt)
+
+    # [14:22] ts2
+    buf[14:22] = _encode_ts_be(stop_dt)
+
+    # [22:26] flags
+    if stop_dt is None:
+        flags = MLG_FLAGS_START_ONLY
+    elif entry.geo_threshold_ips is not None:
+        flags = MLG_FLAGS_TRIGGER
+    else:
+        flags = MLG_FLAGS_INTERVAL
+    buf[22:26] = flags
+
+    # [26:36] serial (10B null-padded)
+    serial_bytes = serial.encode("ascii", errors="replace")[:10]
+    buf[26 : 26 + len(serial_bytes)] = serial_bytes
+
+    # [36:] text content
+    pos = 36
+    if flags == MLG_FLAGS_TRIGGER:
+        # Extra ts1 copy: [0x08][ts1: 8B]
+        buf[pos] = 0x08
+        pos += 1
+        buf[pos : pos + 8] = _encode_ts_be(start_dt)
+        pos += 8
+
+    if entry.geo_threshold_ips is not None:
+        geo_text = f"Geo: {entry.geo_threshold_ips:.3f} in/s\x00".encode("ascii")
+        buf[pos : pos + len(geo_text)] = geo_text
+        pos += len(geo_text)
+
+    return bytes(buf)
+
+
+def write_mlg(
+    entries: list[MonitorLogEntry],
+    serial: str,
+    path: Union[str, Path],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Write a Blastware .MLG monitor log file.
+
+    Args:
+        entries: List of MonitorLogEntry objects (from get_monitor_log_entries()).
+                 Each entry produces one 292-byte record in the file.
+        serial:  Device serial number string (e.g. "BE11529").
+                 Written to the file header and each record.
+        path:    Destination file path.  Extension is not enforced — use ".MLG".
+
+    File layout:
+        [308B header] [N × 292B records]
+
+    Note: The 2-byte CRC at the start of each record is written as 0x0000.
+    The CRC algorithm is unknown (see module docstring).
+
+    Raises:
+        OSError: if the file cannot be written.
+    """
+    path = Path(path)
+    header = _build_mlg_header(serial)
+
+    with open(path, "wb") as f:
+        f.write(header)
+        for entry in entries:
+            record = _build_mlg_record(entry, serial)
+            f.write(record)
+
+
+def read_mlg(path: Union[str, Path]) -> list[MonitorLogEntry]:
+    """
+    Parse a Blastware .MLG file into a list of MonitorLogEntry objects.
+
+    NOT YET IMPLEMENTED.
+
+    Args:
+        path: Path to the .MLG file.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of MonitorLogEntry objects.
+
+    Raises:
+        NotImplementedError: always (pending implementation).
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError("read_mlg() is not yet implemented")

minimateplus/event_file_io.py

@@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
+"""
+minimateplus/event_file_io.py — modern event-file (.sfm.json sidecar) IO.
+
+This module is the single home for event-file conversion code that doesn't
+fit cleanly inside `blastware_file.py` (which is the BW binary codec):
+
+  - sidecar JSON read/write (the modern per-event metadata file)
+  - read_blastware_file() — reverse of write_blastware_file, used by
+    the BW-importer flow when SFM is ingesting files produced by
+    Blastware's own ACH (where the source A5 frames aren't available).
+
+Sidecar schema v1 layout — see docs in the project plan or the schema
+declared in `event_to_sidecar_dict()`.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import base64
+import datetime
+import hashlib
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import struct
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from .models import Event, PeakValues, ProjectInfo, Timestamp
+from . import blastware_file as _bw  # avoid circular reference at module load
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Schema version for the sidecar JSON.  Bump when fields change shape.
+# Older readers must reject anything > SCHEMA_VERSION; newer fields added
+# inside `extensions` are forward-compatible without a bump.
+SCHEMA_VERSION = 1
+SIDECAR_KIND   = "sfm.event"
+
+# Default tool_version stamp; callers can override.  Hard-coded here
+# rather than read via importlib.metadata because the latter reflects the
+# *installed* dist-info, which doesn't update when pyproject.toml is
+# bumped without a `pip install` re-run — leading to confusing stale
+# version stamps in sidecars.  Bump this constant and CHANGELOG.md
+# together at release time.
+TOOL_VERSION = "0.15.0"
+
+try:
+    # Best-effort: prefer the installed metadata when it's NEWER than the
+    # baked-in constant (e.g. a downstream packager bumped the wheel
+    # without editing this file).  Otherwise fall back to TOOL_VERSION.
+    from importlib.metadata import version as _pkg_version
+    _meta_v = _pkg_version("seismo-relay")
+    def _vtuple(s):
+        try:
+            return tuple(int(p) for p in s.split(".")[:3])
+        except Exception:
+            return (0, 0, 0)
+    _TOOL_VERSION_DEFAULT = (
+        _meta_v if _vtuple(_meta_v) > _vtuple(TOOL_VERSION) else TOOL_VERSION
+    )
+except Exception:
+    _TOOL_VERSION_DEFAULT = TOOL_VERSION
+
+
+# ── Sidecar dict construction ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def _ts_iso(ts: Optional[Timestamp]) -> Optional[str]:
+    if ts is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        return datetime.datetime(
+            ts.year, ts.month, ts.day,
+            ts.hour or 0, ts.minute or 0, ts.second or 0,
+        ).isoformat()
+    except Exception:
+        return str(ts)
+
+
+def _peak_values_to_dict(pv: Optional[PeakValues]) -> dict:
+    if pv is None:
+        return {
+            "transverse":   None,
+            "vertical":     None,
+            "longitudinal": None,
+            "vector_sum":   None,
+            "mic_psi":      None,
+        }
+    return {
+        "transverse":   pv.tran,
+        "vertical":     pv.vert,
+        "longitudinal": pv.long,
+        "vector_sum":   pv.peak_vector_sum,
+        "mic_psi":      pv.micl,
+    }
+
+
+def _project_info_to_dict(pi: Optional[ProjectInfo]) -> dict:
+    if pi is None:
+        return {
+            "project":         None,
+            "client":          None,
+            "operator":        None,
+            "sensor_location": None,
+        }
+    return {
+        "project":         pi.project,
+        "client":          pi.client,
+        "operator":        pi.operator,
+        "sensor_location": pi.sensor_location,
+    }
+
+
+def event_to_sidecar_dict(
+    event: Event,
+    *,
+    serial: str,
+    blastware_filename: str,
+    blastware_filesize: int,
+    blastware_sha256: str,
+    source_kind: str = "sfm-live",
+    a5_pickle_filename: Optional[str] = None,
+    tool_version: str = _TOOL_VERSION_DEFAULT,
+    captured_at: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None,
+    review: Optional[dict] = None,
+    extensions: Optional[dict] = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Build a v1 sidecar dict from an Event + the surrounding metadata.
+
+    Pure helper — no file I/O.  Callers stitch the result into a sidecar
+    via `write_sidecar()` (or POST it back via the PATCH endpoint).
+    """
+    if source_kind not in {"sfm-live", "sfm-ach", "bw-import"}:
+        raise ValueError(f"unknown source_kind: {source_kind!r}")
+
+    captured_at = captured_at or datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+
+    # Stash raw 0C record bytes in `extensions.raw_records` so future
+    # field-decoding work (Peak Acceleration, ZC Freq, Time of Peak,
+    # sensor self-check results, etc.) can run offline against committed
+    # sidecars without a live device.  Cheap (~280 bytes base64) and
+    # forward-compatible (older readers ignore unknown extensions keys).
+    ext_dict: dict = dict(extensions) if extensions else {}
+    raw_0c = getattr(event, "_raw_record", None)
+    if raw_0c:
+        rr = ext_dict.setdefault("raw_records", {})
+        # Don't clobber a raw_0c that callers explicitly passed in via
+        # `extensions=...` (e.g. round-trip preservation in patch_sidecar).
+        rr.setdefault("waveform_record_b64", base64.b64encode(raw_0c).decode("ascii"))
+        rr.setdefault("waveform_record_len", len(raw_0c))
+
+    return {
+        "schema_version": SCHEMA_VERSION,
+        "kind":           SIDECAR_KIND,
+
+        "event": {
+            "serial":           serial,
+            "timestamp":        _ts_iso(event.timestamp),
+            "waveform_key":     event._waveform_key.hex() if event._waveform_key else None,
+            "record_type":      event.record_type,
+            "sample_rate":      event.sample_rate,
+            "rectime_seconds":  event.rectime_seconds,
+            "total_samples":    event.total_samples,
+            "pretrig_samples":  event.pretrig_samples,
+        },
+
+        "peak_values":  _peak_values_to_dict(event.peak_values),
+        "project_info": _project_info_to_dict(event.project_info),
+
+        "blastware": {
+            "filename":  blastware_filename,
+            "filesize":  blastware_filesize,
+            "sha256":    blastware_sha256,
+            "available": True,
+        },
+
+        "source": {
+            "kind":               source_kind,
+            "captured_at":        captured_at.isoformat() + "Z" if captured_at.tzinfo is None else captured_at.isoformat(),
+            "tool_version":       tool_version,
+            "a5_pickle_filename": a5_pickle_filename,
+        },
+
+        "review": review or {
+            "false_trigger": False,
+            "reviewer":      None,
+            "reviewed_at":   None,
+            "notes":         "",
+        },
+
+        "extensions": ext_dict,
+    }
+
+
+# ── Sidecar IO ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def write_sidecar(path: Union[str, Path], data: dict) -> None:
+    """
+    Atomic write of a sidecar dict to <path>.
+
+    Validates schema_version is supported before writing so we don't
+    silently drop a future-format sidecar over the wire.
+    """
+    path = Path(path)
+    sv = data.get("schema_version")
+    if not isinstance(sv, int) or sv < 1 or sv > SCHEMA_VERSION:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"write_sidecar: unsupported schema_version={sv!r} "
+            f"(this build supports 1..{SCHEMA_VERSION})"
+        )
+
+    tmp = path.with_suffix(path.suffix + ".tmp")
+    with tmp.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        json.dump(data, f, indent=2, sort_keys=False, default=str)
+        f.write("\n")
+        f.flush()
+        os.fsync(f.fileno())
+    os.replace(tmp, path)
+
+
+def read_sidecar(path: Union[str, Path]) -> dict:
+    """
+    Load a sidecar JSON file.
+
+    Raises FileNotFoundError if missing, ValueError on bad shape /
+    unsupported schema_version.  Unknown keys at the top level are
+    preserved in the returned dict (forward-compat).
+    """
+    path = Path(path)
+    with path.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        data = json.load(f)
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        raise ValueError(f"sidecar at {path}: top-level is not a JSON object")
+    sv = data.get("schema_version")
+    if not isinstance(sv, int) or sv < 1:
+        raise ValueError(f"sidecar at {path}: missing or invalid schema_version")
+    if sv > SCHEMA_VERSION:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"sidecar at {path}: schema_version={sv} > supported {SCHEMA_VERSION}; "
+            "upgrade seismo-relay to read this file"
+        )
+    if data.get("kind") != SIDECAR_KIND:
+        raise ValueError(f"sidecar at {path}: unexpected kind={data.get('kind')!r}")
+    return data
+
+
+def patch_sidecar(
+    path: Union[str, Path],
+    *,
+    review: Optional[dict] = None,
+    extensions: Optional[dict] = None,
+    reviewer_now: bool = True,
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Atomically apply a JSON-merge-patch to a sidecar file's `review`
+    and/or `extensions` blocks.  Other top-level keys are untouched.
+
+    `review_now`: when True (default) and `review` is non-empty, stamps
+    `review.reviewed_at` with the current UTC time so the review-time is
+    auditable without the caller having to pass it.
+
+    Returns the new full sidecar dict.
+    """
+    path = Path(path)
+    data = read_sidecar(path)
+
+    if review:
+        merged = dict(data.get("review") or {})
+        merged.update({k: v for k, v in review.items() if v is not None or k in merged})
+        if reviewer_now:
+            merged["reviewed_at"] = datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z"
+        data["review"] = merged
+
+    if extensions:
+        merged_ext = dict(data.get("extensions") or {})
+        merged_ext.update(extensions)
+        data["extensions"] = merged_ext
+
+    write_sidecar(path, data)
+    return data
+
+
+def sidecar_path_for(blastware_path: Union[str, Path]) -> Path:
+    """Convention: <bw_path>.sfm.json sits next to the BW binary."""
+    p = Path(blastware_path)
+    return p.with_name(p.name + ".sfm.json")
+
+
+def file_sha256(path: Union[str, Path], chunk_size: int = 65536) -> str:
+    """Compute SHA-256 of a file as a hex string."""
+    h = hashlib.sha256()
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        while True:
+            chunk = f.read(chunk_size)
+            if not chunk:
+                break
+            h.update(chunk)
+    return h.hexdigest()
+
+
+# ── Blastware-file reader ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+#
+# Reverse of `blastware_file.write_blastware_file`.  Used by the BW-import
+# flow to ingest files produced by Blastware's own ACH (where the source
+# A5 frames are not available).
+#
+# File structure (recap):
+#   [22B header] [21B STRT record] [body bytes] [26B footer]
+#
+# The body holds:
+#   - 6B preamble (00 00 ff ff ff ff) immediately after the STRT
+#   - 4-channel interleaved int16 LE samples
+#   - Embedded ASCII metadata strings (Project: / Client: / User Name: /
+#     Seis Loc: / Extended Notes) from the device's session-start config
+#
+# The 0C waveform record (per-event peaks, project name) is NOT in the
+# BW file — those are computed by the device firmware and only carried
+# in the live SUB 0C response.  read_blastware_file() therefore computes
+# peaks from the raw samples assuming Normal-range (10 in/s full-scale)
+# geophone sensitivity.  Imported events surface that assumption via the
+# sidecar's `peak_values.computed_from_samples` flag.
+
+
+# Geophone scale factor, in/s per ADC unit, for Normal range (10 in/s FS).
+# Confirmed from CLAUDE.md (geo_hardware_constant = 6.206053 in/s per V,
+# ADC full-scale = 1.61133 V Normal range = 10.0 in/s peak; per-count
+# resolution ≈ 10.0 / 32768).
+_GEO_NORMAL_FS_INS  = 10.0
+_GEO_SENSITIVE_FS_INS = 1.250
+_INT16_FS = 32768.0
+
+# Microphone scale factor, psi per ADC count.  Approximate — exact factor
+# depends on the geophone-vs-mic ADC scaling and the firmware reference.
+# We mark mic_psi as "computed approximate" in the sidecar.
+_MIC_FS_PSI = 0.0125 / _INT16_FS   # ~0.5 psi full-scale assumption
+
+
+def _decode_strt(strt: bytes) -> dict:
+    """
+    Decode the 21-byte STRT record from a BW file.
+
+    Returns dict with waveform_key (4B), total_samples, pretrig_samples,
+    rectime_seconds.  Falls back to None on truncated/missing fields.
+    """
+    if len(strt) < 21 or strt[0:4] != b"STRT":
+        return {}
+    return {
+        "waveform_key":    strt[6:10].hex(),
+        "total_samples":   struct.unpack_from(">H", strt, 8)[0],
+        "pretrig_samples": struct.unpack_from(">H", strt, 16)[0],
+        "rectime_seconds": strt[18],
+    }
+
+
+def _find_first_string(buf: bytes, label: bytes, max_len: int = 256) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Search `buf` for `label` (e.g. b"Project:") and return the
+    null-terminated ASCII string that follows, stripped.
+    """
+    pos = buf.find(label)
+    if pos < 0:
+        return None
+    start = pos + len(label)
+    end = buf.find(b"\x00", start, start + max_len)
+    if end < 0:
+        end = start + max_len
+    text = buf[start:end].decode("ascii", errors="replace").strip()
+    return text or None
+
+
+def _decode_samples_4ch_int16_le(stream: bytes) -> dict[str, list[int]]:
+    """
+    Decode a 4-channel interleaved int16 LE byte stream into per-channel
+    lists.  Channels are [Tran, Vert, Long, Mic] = [ch0, ch1, ch2, ch3].
+    Truncates to a multiple of 8 bytes (one full sample-set).
+    """
+    n_complete = (len(stream) // 8) * 8
+    if n_complete == 0:
+        return {"Tran": [], "Vert": [], "Long": [], "MicL": []}
+    fmt = "<" + "h" * (n_complete // 2)
+    flat = list(struct.unpack(fmt, stream[:n_complete]))
+    return {
+        "Tran": flat[0::4],
+        "Vert": flat[1::4],
+        "Long": flat[2::4],
+        "MicL": flat[3::4],
+    }
+
+
+def _peaks_from_samples(samples: dict[str, list[int]]) -> PeakValues:
+    """
+    Compute approximate peaks from raw int16 samples assuming Normal-range
+    geophone sensitivity.  Used by the BW-importer when the 0C waveform
+    record (the device's authoritative peaks) is unavailable.
+    """
+    def _peak_ins(ch: list[int]) -> float:
+        if not ch:
+            return 0.0
+        m = max(abs(int(v)) for v in ch)
+        return m / _INT16_FS * _GEO_NORMAL_FS_INS
+
+    tran = _peak_ins(samples.get("Tran", []))
+    vert = _peak_ins(samples.get("Vert", []))
+    long_ = _peak_ins(samples.get("Long", []))
+
+    # Mic in psi (approximate)
+    mic_ch = samples.get("MicL", []) or []
+    mic = max((abs(int(v)) for v in mic_ch), default=0) * _MIC_FS_PSI
+
+    # Peak vector sum: max over time of sqrt(T^2 + V^2 + L^2)
+    pvs = 0.0
+    n = min(len(samples.get("Tran", [])), len(samples.get("Vert", [])), len(samples.get("Long", [])))
+    if n:
+        scale = _GEO_NORMAL_FS_INS / _INT16_FS
+        T = samples["Tran"]; V = samples["Vert"]; L = samples["Long"]
+        for i in range(n):
+            t = T[i] * scale
+            v = V[i] * scale
+            l = L[i] * scale
+            mag = (t*t + v*v + l*l) ** 0.5
+            if mag > pvs:
+                pvs = mag
+
+    return PeakValues(
+        tran=tran, vert=vert, long=long_,
+        peak_vector_sum=pvs, micl=mic,
+    )
+
+
+def read_blastware_file(path: Union[str, Path]) -> Event:
+    """
+    Parse a Blastware waveform file into an Event.
+
+    Recovers:
+      - waveform_key, rectime_seconds, total_samples, pretrig_samples
+        (from the STRT record)
+      - timestamp (from the footer's start-time field)
+      - project_info (from ASCII labels embedded in the body)
+      - raw_samples (Tran/Vert/Long/MicL int16 lists)
+      - peak_values (computed from raw_samples; approximate — see notes
+        on _peaks_from_samples about Normal-range assumption)
+
+    Does NOT recover the source A5 frames (they aren't in the BW file).
+    The returned Event has `_a5_frames = None`, signalling that
+    byte-for-byte regeneration of the BW file from this Event alone is
+    not possible — the on-disk BW file IS the byte-for-byte source.
+    """
+    path = Path(path)
+    raw = path.read_bytes()
+    if len(raw) < _bw._WAVEFORM_HEADER_SIZE + 21 + 26:
+        raise ValueError(f"{path}: file too short ({len(raw)} bytes) to be a BW event")
+
+    # Header: validate magic prefix.
+    header = raw[:_bw._WAVEFORM_HEADER_SIZE]
+    if not header.startswith(_bw._FILE_HEADER_PREFIX):
+        raise ValueError(f"{path}: not a Blastware file (bad header prefix)")
+
+    # STRT record: 21 bytes immediately after the header.
+    strt_raw = raw[_bw._WAVEFORM_HEADER_SIZE : _bw._WAVEFORM_HEADER_SIZE + 21]
+    strt_fields = _decode_strt(strt_raw)
+    if not strt_fields:
+        raise ValueError(f"{path}: STRT record missing or malformed")
+
+    # Footer: locate the 0e 08 marker, validating the year is in a sane range.
+    body_start = _bw._WAVEFORM_HEADER_SIZE + 21
+    footer_pos = -1
+    pos = body_start
+    while True:
+        pos = raw.find(b"\x0e\x08", pos)
+        if pos < 0 or pos + 26 > len(raw):
+            break
+        yr = (raw[pos + 4] << 8) | raw[pos + 5]
+        if 2015 <= yr <= 2050:
+            footer_pos = pos
+            break
+        pos += 1
+
+    if footer_pos < 0 and len(raw) >= 26:
+        footer_pos = len(raw) - 26
+    if footer_pos < body_start:
+        raise ValueError(f"{path}: footer not found")
+
+    body   = raw[body_start : footer_pos]
+    footer = raw[footer_pos : footer_pos + 26]
+
+    # Footer layout:
+    #   [0:2]   0e 08  marker
+    #   [2:10]  ts1 (start) BE 8B
+    #   [10:18] ts2 (stop)  BE 8B
+    #   [18:24] 00 01 00 02 00 00
+    #   [24:26] crc
+    ts1 = _bw._decode_ts_be(footer[2:10])
+    ts2 = _bw._decode_ts_be(footer[10:18])
+
+    # Body: first 6 bytes are the preamble (00 00 ff ff ff ff).  Strip
+    # them before decoding samples.  Any trailing tail past the last
+    # full sample-set is silently truncated by _decode_samples_4ch.
+    sample_bytes = body[6:] if body[:6].hex() in ("0000ffffffff", "0000FFFFFFFF") else body
+    samples = _decode_samples_4ch_int16_le(sample_bytes)
+
+    # Metadata strings (label-anchored search across the body).
+    project = _find_first_string(body, b"Project:")
+    client  = _find_first_string(body, b"Client:")
+    user    = _find_first_string(body, b"User Name:")
+    seisloc = _find_first_string(body, b"Seis Loc:")
+
+    # Build the Event.
+    ev = Event(index=-1)
+    if strt_fields.get("waveform_key"):
+        ev._waveform_key = bytes.fromhex(strt_fields["waveform_key"])
+    ev.record_type     = "Waveform"
+    ev.rectime_seconds = strt_fields.get("rectime_seconds")
+    ev.total_samples   = strt_fields.get("total_samples")
+    ev.pretrig_samples = strt_fields.get("pretrig_samples")
+
+    if ts1 is not None:
+        ev.timestamp = Timestamp(
+            raw=footer[2:10],
+            flag=0x10,
+            year=ts1.year, unknown_byte=0, month=ts1.month, day=ts1.day,
+            hour=ts1.hour, minute=ts1.minute, second=ts1.second,
+        )
+
+    ev.project_info = ProjectInfo(
+        project=project, client=client, operator=user, sensor_location=seisloc,
+    )
+    ev.raw_samples = samples
+    ev.peak_values = _peaks_from_samples(samples)
+    ev._a5_frames = None  # not recoverable from BW file
+
+    return ev

minimateplus/framing.py

@@ -111,20 +111,24 @@ def build_5a_frame(offset_word: int, raw_params: bytes) -> bytes:
     verified against this algorithm on 2026-04-02).
 
     Args:
-        offset_word: 16-bit offset (0x1004 for probe/chunks, 0x005A for term).
-        raw_params:  10 or 11 params bytes (from bulk_waveform_params or
-                     bulk_waveform_term_params). 0x10 bytes in params are
-                     written RAW — NOT DLE-stuffed. Confirmed 2026-04-06 by
-                     comparing wire bytes: BW sends bare `10 04` for chunk 1
-                     (counter=0x1004), not stuffed `10 10 04`. Device reads
-                     params at fixed byte positions; stuffing shifts the bytes
-                     and corrupts the counter, causing device to ignore the frame.
+        offset_word: 16-bit offset.  For probe/chunks/metadata pages this is
+                     `0x1002`.  For the proper TERM frame this is computed by
+                     `bulk_waveform_term_v2()` from the STRT-derived
+                     `end_offset`.
+        raw_params:  10, 11, or 12 params bytes (from `bulk_waveform_params`
+                     for probes/samples, `bulk_waveform_term_v2` for TERM, or
+                     a manually-built 12-byte block for the metadata pages
+                     0x1002 / 0x1004).  See gotcha #3 below — params region
+                     uses partial DLE stuffing of 0x10 bytes.
 
     Returns:
         Complete frame bytes: [ACK][STX][stuffed_section][chk][ETX]
     """
-    if len(raw_params) not in (10, 11):
-        raise ValueError(f"raw_params must be 10 or 11 bytes, got {len(raw_params)}")
+    if len(raw_params) not in (10, 11, 12):
+        # 10 = termination params; 11 = regular probe / chunk params;
+        # 12 = metadata-page params (extra trailing 0x00 — BW byte-perfect quirk
+        # for the two fixed metadata reads at counter=0x1002 and 0x1004).
+        raise ValueError(f"raw_params must be 10/11/12 bytes, got {len(raw_params)}")
 
     # Build stuffed section between STX and checksum
     s = bytearray()
@@ -134,8 +138,40 @@ def build_5a_frame(offset_word: int, raw_params: bytes) -> bytes:
     s += b"\x00"                                 # field3
     s += bytes([(offset_word >> 8) & 0xFF,       # offset_hi — raw, NOT stuffed
                  offset_word & 0xFF])            # offset_lo
-    for b in raw_params:                         # params — NOT DLE-stuffed (raw bytes, match BW wire format)
+    # Params — partial DLE stuffing of 0x10 bytes (CONFIRMED 2026-05-05).
+    #
+    # The device's de-stuffing rule for params is:
+    #   • `10 10`        → de-stuffs to `10`
+    #   • `10 02/03/04`  → kept literal (these are inner-frame markers)
+    #   • `10 X` other   → de-stuffs to just `X`  (drops the 0x10)
+    #
+    # So for any 0x10 byte in the *logical* params that is followed by a
+    # byte NOT in {0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x10}, we must double the 0x10 on the
+    # wire (`10 X` → `10 10 X`) so the device's de-stuffer reproduces the
+    # original `10 X` pair.  Without this, counter values with `0x10` in
+    # the high byte (e.g. counter=0x1000 has params bytes `10 00`) are
+    # silently corrupted to `0x__00` on the device side, and the device
+    # responds for the wrong address — for counter=0x1000 it returns the
+    # probe response (counter=0x0000), which contains the file header +
+    # STRT.  That STRT block then lands in the assembled file body and
+    # Blastware rejects the file as malformed.
+    #
+    # Confirmed against BW capture 5-1-26 / bwcap3sec frame 20: params
+    # logical bytes `00 01 11 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00` (counter=0x1000)
+    # are encoded on the wire as `00 01 11 10 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00`.
+    # BW frames 13/14 (meta @ 0x1002 / 0x1004) leave `10 02` and `10 04`
+    # raw — the device handles those literal pairs correctly.
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(raw_params):
+        b = raw_params[i]
         s.append(b)
+        if (
+            b == 0x10
+            and i + 1 < len(raw_params)
+            and raw_params[i + 1] not in (0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x10)
+        ):
+            s.append(0x10)   # double the 0x10 so it survives device de-stuffing
+        i += 1
 
     # DLE-aware checksum: for 0x10 XX pairs count XX; for lone bytes count them
     chk, i = 0, 0
@@ -398,28 +434,26 @@ def bulk_waveform_params(key4: bytes, counter: int, *, is_probe: bool = False) -
 
 def bulk_waveform_term_params(key4: bytes, counter: int) -> bytes:
     """
-    Build the 10-byte params block for the SUB 5A termination request.
+    ⛔ DEPRECATED — DO NOT USE IN NEW CODE.
 
-    The termination request uses offset=0x005A and a DIFFERENT params layout —
-    the leading 0x00 byte is dropped, key4[0:2] shifts to params[0:2], and the
-    counter high byte is at params[2]:
+    This is the v1 termination params helper, paired with the broken
+    `_BULK_TERM_OFFSET = 0x005A` magic offset_word.  Together they produce a
+    ~100-byte device-side terminator response that does NOT contain the
+    partial-last-chunk waveform tail or the 26-byte file footer.  Files
+    reconstructed using this terminator are missing their last ~512 bytes of
+    waveform data and have a synthesized footer that disagrees with what BW
+    would have written.
 
-      params[0]   = key4[0]
-      params[1]   = key4[1]
-      params[2]   = (counter >> 8) & 0xFF
-      params[3:]  = zeros
+    **For new code, use `bulk_waveform_term_v2(key4, end_offset, last_chunk_counter)`**
+    which computes the correct offset_word + params from the STRT-derived
+    `end_offset`.  v2 produces wire bytes that match BW exactly across all
+    tested events (4-27-26 / 5-1-26 / 5-4-26 captures).
 
-    Counter for the termination request = last_regular_counter + 0x0400.
-
-    Confirmed from 1-2-26 BW TX capture: final request (frame 83) uses
-    offset=0x005A, params[0:3] = key4[0:2] + term_counter_hi.
-
-    Args:
-        key4:    4-byte waveform key.
-        counter: Termination counter (= last regular counter + 0x0400).
-
-    Returns:
-        10-byte params block.
+    This function is retained ONLY for the defensive fallback path in
+    `read_bulk_waveform_stream()` that triggers when STRT parsing fails or no
+    chunks are fetched (= a malformed event or an unexpected device state).
+    The fallback already logs a WARNING when it activates; if you see that
+    warning, the bug is upstream — STRT should have been parseable.
     """
     if len(key4) != 4:
         raise ValueError(f"waveform key must be 4 bytes, got {len(key4)}")
@@ -430,6 +464,123 @@ def bulk_waveform_term_params(key4: bytes, counter: int) -> bytes:
     return bytes(p)
 
 
+def bulk_waveform_term_v2(
+    key4: bytes,
+    end_offset: int,
+    last_chunk_counter: int,
+) -> tuple[int, bytes]:
+    """
+    Compute the SUB 5A TERM frame's offset_word and 10-byte params block.
+
+    Confirmed across 3 events (4-27-26 + 5-1-26 captures):
+
+      next_boundary = last_chunk_counter + 0x0200
+      offset_word   = end_offset - next_boundary    (residual byte count)
+      params[0]     = key4[0]                       (= 0x01 on every observed device)
+      params[1]     = key4[1]                       (= 0x11)
+      params[2]     = (next_boundary >> 8) & 0xFF
+      params[3]     = next_boundary & 0xFF
+      params[4:10]  = zeros
+
+    Verification:
+      | end_offset | last_chunk | next_boundary | offset_word | params[2:4] |
+      | 0x1ABE     | 0x1800     | 0x1A00        | 0x00BE      | 1A 00       |
+      | 0x21F2     | 0x1E00     | 0x2000        | 0x01F2      | 20 00       |
+      | 0x417E     | 0x3E38     | 0x4038        | 0x0146      | 40 38       |
+
+    The device receives `requested_address = (params[2] << 8) | offset_word`
+    and replies with `(end_offset - next_boundary)` bytes of waveform tail
+    starting at `next_boundary` — including the 26-byte file footer.
+
+    Args:
+        key4:               4-byte waveform key for this event.
+        end_offset:         Event-end pointer (= `(end_key[2] << 8) | end_key[3]`
+                            from the STRT record at data[23:27] of A5[0]).
+        last_chunk_counter: Counter of the last full 0x0200-byte chunk fetched
+                            (the chunk that covers [last_chunk_counter,
+                            last_chunk_counter + 0x0200)).
+
+    Returns:
+        (offset_word, params10) tuple.  Pass as
+        `build_5a_frame(offset_word, params)`.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: on inconsistent inputs.
+    """
+    if len(key4) != 4:
+        raise ValueError(f"waveform key must be 4 bytes, got {len(key4)}")
+    next_boundary = last_chunk_counter + 0x0200
+    if next_boundary > 0xFFFF:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"next_boundary 0x{next_boundary:04X} exceeds uint16; check inputs"
+        )
+    if end_offset <= last_chunk_counter:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"end_offset 0x{end_offset:04X} must be > "
+            f"last_chunk_counter 0x{last_chunk_counter:04X}"
+        )
+    offset_word = end_offset - next_boundary
+    if offset_word < 0:
+        # Last chunk overshot end_offset; caller should have stopped one chunk
+        # earlier.  Treat as zero residual.
+        offset_word = 0
+    if offset_word > 0xFFFF:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"offset_word 0x{offset_word:04X} exceeds uint16"
+        )
+    p = bytearray(10)
+    p[0] = key4[0]
+    p[1] = key4[1]
+    p[2] = (next_boundary >> 8) & 0xFF
+    p[3] = next_boundary & 0xFF
+    return offset_word, bytes(p)
+
+
+# ── End-offset extraction from STRT record ────────────────────────────────────
+
+STRT_MARKER = b"STRT"
+
+
+def parse_strt_end_offset(a5_data: bytes) -> Optional[int]:
+    """
+    Extract the event-end offset from the STRT record in an A5 response payload.
+
+    The first A5 response (the probe response, or the first chunk for events
+    with non-zero start_key[2:4]) contains a STRT record at byte offset 17 of
+    `data`.  Layout:
+
+      data[17:21]  "STRT"
+      data[21:23]  ff fe        sentinel
+      data[23:27]  end_key      ← 4-byte key of where this event ENDS
+      data[27:31]  start_key
+      ...
+
+    Returns `(end_key[2] << 8) | end_key[3]` — the absolute device-buffer
+    address where the event ends.  Use this to bound the chunk loop and to
+    compute the TERM frame.
+
+    Verified end_offset values:
+      | event start_key | end_key      | end_offset |
+      | 01110000        | 01111ABE     | 0x1ABE     |
+      | 01110000        | 011121F2     | 0x21F2     |
+      | 011121F2        | 0111417E     | 0x417E     |
+
+    Args:
+        a5_data: The `data` field of an A5 response frame (frame.data).
+
+    Returns:
+        The end_offset (uint16) if STRT is found, else None.
+    """
+    pos = a5_data.find(STRT_MARKER)
+    if pos < 0 or pos + 10 > len(a5_data):
+        return None
+    # data[pos+4:pos+6] is "ff fe"; data[pos+6:pos+10] is end_key.
+    end_key = a5_data[pos + 6 : pos + 10]
+    if len(end_key) < 4:
+        return None
+    return (end_key[2] << 8) | end_key[3]
+
+
 # ── Pre-built POLL frames ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 #
 # POLL (SUB 0x5B) uses the same two-step pattern as all other reads — the
@@ -457,6 +608,11 @@ class S3Frame:
     page_lo: int        # PAGE_LO from header
     data: bytes         # payload data section (payload[5:], checksum already stripped)
     checksum_valid: bool
+    chk_byte: int = 0   # actual checksum byte received from wire (body[-1])
+                        # needed for waveform file reconstruction: when the last data byte
+                        # is 0x10 and chk_byte ∈ {0x02, 0x03, 0x04}, the DLE+chk pair
+                        # must be included in the DLE-strip operation to correctly
+                        # reconstruct the Blastware binary body.
 
     @property
     def page_key(self) -> int:
@@ -465,7 +621,6 @@ class S3Frame:
 
 
 # ── Streaming S3 frame parser ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
 class S3FrameParser:
     """
     Incremental byte-stream parser for S3→BW response frames.
@@ -592,9 +747,10 @@ class S3FrameParser:
             return None
 
         return S3Frame(
-            sub           = raw_payload[2],
-            page_hi       = raw_payload[3],
-            page_lo       = raw_payload[4],
-            data          = raw_payload[5:],
+            sub            = raw_payload[2],
+            page_hi        = raw_payload[3],
+            page_lo        = raw_payload[4],
+            data           = raw_payload[5:],
             checksum_valid = (chk_received == chk_computed),
+            chk_byte       = chk_received,
         )

minimateplus/models.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ Notes on certainty:
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import datetime
 import struct
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from typing import Optional
@@ -200,6 +201,58 @@ class Timestamp:
             second=second,
         )
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_short_record(cls, data: bytes) -> "Timestamp":
+        """
+        Decode an 8-byte timestamp header from a 210-byte waveform record.
+
+        Wire layout (✅ CONFIRMED 2026-05-01 against live SFM run on BE11529 in
+        Continuous mode, day-of-month = 1 May, raw: 01 05 07 ea 00 0d 15 25):
+          byte[0]:    day                 (uint8)
+          byte[1]:    month               (uint8)
+          bytes[2-3]: year                (big-endian uint16)
+          byte[4]:    unknown             (0x00 in observed sample)
+          byte[5]:    hour                (uint8)
+          byte[6]:    minute              (uint8)
+          byte[7]:    second              (uint8)
+
+        This is a third format observed in the wild — distinct from the 9-byte
+        (single-shot, sub_code=0x10 at [1]) and 10-byte (continuous, 0x10 at
+        [0] AND [2]) layouts.  No marker bytes; disambiguated by where the
+        year lands when scanned at byte 2/3/4.
+
+        Args:
+            data: at least 8 bytes; only the first 8 are consumed.
+
+        Returns:
+            Decoded Timestamp.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: if data is fewer than 8 bytes.
+        """
+        if len(data) < 8:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Short record timestamp requires at least 8 bytes, got {len(data)}"
+            )
+        day          = data[0]
+        month        = data[1]
+        year         = struct.unpack_from(">H", data, 2)[0]
+        unknown_byte = data[4]
+        hour         = data[5]
+        minute       = data[6]
+        second       = data[7]
+        return cls(
+            raw=bytes(data[:8]),
+            flag=0,
+            year=year,
+            unknown_byte=unknown_byte,
+            month=month,
+            day=day,
+            hour=hour,
+            minute=minute,
+            second=second,
+        )
+
     @property
     def clock_set(self) -> bool:
         """False when year == 1995 (factory default / battery-lost state)."""
@@ -268,7 +321,7 @@ class ChannelConfig:
     label: str                  # e.g. "Tran", "Vert", "Long", "MicL" ✅
     trigger_level: float        # in/s (geo) or psi (MicL) ✅
     alarm_level: float          # in/s (geo) or psi (MicL) ✅
-    max_range: float            # full-scale calibration constant (e.g. 6.206) 🔶
+    max_range: float            # hardware/firmware sensitivity constant (e.g. 6.206053) ✅ confirmed same on all units
     unit_label: str             # e.g. "in./s" or "psi" ✅
 
 
@@ -337,15 +390,34 @@ class ComplianceConfig:
     raw: Optional[bytes] = None            # full 2090-byte payload (for debugging)
 
     # Recording parameters (✅ CONFIRMED from §7.6)
-    record_time: Optional[float] = None    # seconds (7.0, 10.0, 13.0, etc.)
-    sample_rate: Optional[int] = None      # sps (1024, 2048, 4096, etc.) — NOT YET FOUND ❓
+    recording_mode: Optional[int] = None  # uint8: 0x00=Single Shot, 0x01=Continuous,
+                                           # 0x03=Histogram, 0x04=Histogram+Continuous ✅ confirmed 2026-04-20
+                                           # Read (E5): data[anchor_pos - 8] (6-byte anchor)
+                                           # Write (SUB 71): data[anchor_pos - 7]
+    sample_rate: Optional[int] = None     # sps (1024, 2048, 4096)
+    histogram_interval_sec: Optional[int] = None  # uint16 BE, seconds ✅ confirmed 2026-04-20
+                                                   # anchor_pos - 4 (same offset in read & write)
+                                                   # Valid values: 2, 5, 15, 60, 300, 900
+                                                   # Mode-gated: only active in Histogram/Histogram+Continuous
+    record_time: Optional[float] = None   # seconds (e.g. 3.0, 5.0, 8.0, 10.0)
 
     # Trigger/alarm levels (✅ CONFIRMED per-channel at §7.6)
     # For now we store the first geo channel (Transverse) as representatives;
     # full per-channel data would require structured Channel objects.
-    trigger_level_geo: Optional[float] = None    # in/s (first geo channel)
-    alarm_level_geo: Optional[float] = None      # in/s (first geo channel)
-    max_range_geo: Optional[float] = None        # in/s full-scale range
+    trigger_level_geo: Optional[float] = None    # in/s (first geo channel) ✅
+    alarm_level_geo: Optional[float] = None      # in/s (first geo channel) ✅
+    geo_adc_scale: Optional[float] = None        # ADC-to-velocity scale factor (float32 at Tran+28) ✅
+                                                 # = inverse sensitivity = 1/sensitivity (in/s per V)
+                                                 # Formula (Interface Handbook §4.5): Range = 1.61133 V × scale_factor
+                                                 #   → 1.61133 × 6.206053 = 10.000 in/s (Normal range) ✅
+                                                 # Firmware uses: PPV (in/s) = ADC_voltage (V) × 6.206053
+                                                 # Identical on BE11529 and BE18189 — same Instantel geophone hardware.
+                                                 # NOT a user-configurable setting. Must NOT be written.
+    geo_range: Optional[int] = None             # range/sensitivity selector — CONFIRMED 2026-04-20
+                                                 # 0x00 = Normal    10.000 in/s  (standard gain)
+                                                 # 0x01 = Sensitive  1.250 in/s  (high gain)
+                                                 # Offset: Tran+33 in both E5 read and SUB 71 write payloads
+                                                 # (same 2126-byte buffer is round-tripped; applied to Tran/Vert/Long)
 
     # Project/setup strings (sourced from E5 / SUB 71 write payload)
     # These are the FULL project metadata from compliance config,
@@ -358,6 +430,78 @@ class ComplianceConfig:
     notes: Optional[str] = None            # extended notes / additional info
 
 
+# ── Call Home Config ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@dataclass
+class CallHomeConfig:
+    """
+    Auto Call Home (ACH) configuration from SUB 0x2C (response 0xD3).
+
+    Read with a standard two-step protocol (probe offset=0x00, data offset=0x7C).
+    Written via SUB 0x7E (write, 127-byte payload) + SUB 0x7F (confirm).
+
+    Confirmed from 4-20-26 call home settings captures (11 BW + S3 capture pairs).
+
+    Raw payload layout (data[11:] from S3 response, 125 bytes):
+      [0]     0x00           header byte
+      [1]     0x7C = 124     inner length (= offset for SUB 0x7E write - 2)
+      [2]     0xDC           constant
+      [3:5]   0x00 0x00      padding
+      [5]     auto_call_home_enabled  (0x00=off, 0x01=on) ✅
+      [6:46]  dial_string             40-byte null-padded ASCII ✅
+      [46:87] auto_answer_raw         AT command strings (not decoded) ✅ present
+      [87]    after_event_recorded    (0x01=on, 0x00=off) ✅
+      [91]    at_specified_times      (0x01=on, 0x00=off) ✅
+      [93]    time1_enabled           (0x01=on, 0x00=off) ✅
+      [95]    time2_enabled           (0x01=on, 0x00=off) ✅
+      [101]   time1_hour              uint8 decimal 0-23 ✅
+      [102]   time1_min               uint8 decimal 0-59 ✅
+      [105]   time2_hour              uint8 decimal 0-23 ✅
+      [106]   time2_min               uint8 decimal 0-59 ✅
+      [117]   DLE prefix (0x10)       ┐ DLE-escaped num_retries=3 (0x03)
+      [118]   0x03                    ┘ device stores/returns 0x03 DLE-escaped ✅
+      [120]   time_between_retries_sec uint8 (= 0x0F = 15 s default) ✅
+      [122]   wait_for_connection_sec  uint8 (= 0x3C = 60 s default) ✅
+      [124]   warm_up_time_sec         uint8 (= 0x3C = 60 s default) ✅
+
+    Write payload = raw 125 bytes + b'\\x00\\x00' (2 trailing zeros) = 127 bytes.
+    Offset for SUB 0x7E: data[1] + 2 = 0x7C + 2 = 0x7E = 126.
+
+    Note on DLE-escaped 0x03:  The device's S3 response DLE-escapes ETX (0x03)
+    bytes as \\x10\\x03.  The S3FrameParser preserves both bytes in frame.data.
+    Subsequent fields after offset 117 are therefore at raw_offset = logical+1.
+    The raw payload must be round-tripped verbatim in write; do NOT reapply DLE
+    destuffing or stripping.
+    """
+    raw: Optional[bytes] = None          # raw 125-byte read payload (for round-trip write)
+
+    # ── Main enable ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    auto_call_home_enabled: Optional[bool] = None    # raw[5] ✅
+
+    # ── Dial string ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    dial_string: Optional[str] = None                # raw[6:46] 40-byte null-padded ASCII ✅
+
+    # ── When to call ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    after_event_recorded: Optional[bool] = None      # raw[87] ✅
+    at_specified_times: Optional[bool] = None        # raw[91] ✅
+
+    # ── Time slot 1 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    time1_enabled: Optional[bool] = None             # raw[93] ✅
+    time1_hour: Optional[int] = None                 # raw[101]  0-23 ✅
+    time1_min: Optional[int] = None                  # raw[102]  0-59 ✅
+
+    # ── Time slot 2 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    time2_enabled: Optional[bool] = None             # raw[95] ✅
+    time2_hour: Optional[int] = None                 # raw[105]  0-23 ✅
+    time2_min: Optional[int] = None                  # raw[106]  0-59 ✅
+
+    # ── Retry / timeout settings (read-only; not writable via set_call_home_config) ──
+    num_retries: Optional[int] = None                # raw[117:119]=10 03 → value 3 ✅
+    time_between_retries_sec: Optional[int] = None   # raw[120] (shifted +1 by DLE) ✅
+    wait_for_connection_sec: Optional[int] = None    # raw[122] ✅
+    warm_up_time_sec: Optional[int] = None           # raw[124] ✅
+
+
 # ── Event ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 @dataclass
@@ -401,6 +545,10 @@ class Event:
     # Set by get_events(); required by download_waveform().
     _waveform_key: Optional[bytes] = field(default=None, repr=False)
 
+    # Raw A5 frames from the full bulk waveform download (full_waveform=True).
+    # Populated by get_events() when full_waveform=True; used by write_blastware_file().
+    _a5_frames: Optional[list] = field(default=None, repr=False)
+
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         ts = str(self.timestamp) if self.timestamp else "no timestamp"
         ppv = ""
@@ -419,6 +567,65 @@ class Event:
         return f"Event#{self.index} {ts}{ppv}"
 
 
+# ── MonitorLogEntry ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+@dataclass
+class MonitorLogEntry:
+    """
+    A monitor log entry decoded from a SUB 0x0A (WAVEFORM_HEADER) response
+    whose first byte is 0x2C (partial record, recording mode = continuous
+    monitoring without a triggered event).
+
+    These are the "partial bins" that Blastware stores between triggered events.
+    Each entry represents one monitoring interval — the span of time during
+    which the unit was actively monitoring but no threshold crossing occurred.
+
+    Confirmed from 4-11-26 MITM capture analysis (2026-04-11):
+
+    Header layout (full response data[0:]):
+      data[0]    = 0x2C  (partial record type / data length in probe response)
+      data[1:5]  = 0x00 × 4
+      data[5:9]  = event key (4 bytes, big-endian hex)
+      data[9:11] = 0x00 × 2
+      data[11:]  = timestamp_start (9 or 10 bytes depending on recording mode)
+                   + timestamp_stop (same format)
+                   + separator (4–5 bytes, variable)
+                   + serial null-terminated (e.g. "BE11529\\0")
+                   + "Geo: X.XXX in/s\\0"  (trigger threshold string)
+
+    Timestamp format detection:
+      data[11] == 0x10  →  10-byte sub_code=0x03 (continuous) format
+      data[12] == 0x10  →  9-byte sub_code=0x10 (single-shot) format
+
+    In contrast to Event (triggered records, type 0x46), MonitorLogEntry
+    records do NOT have a waveform record (SUB 0x0C) or bulk waveform stream
+    (SUB 5A).  All available metadata is in the 0x0A header alone.
+    """
+    index: int                                      # 0-based position in device record list
+    key: str                                        # 8-hex event key (e.g. "01114290") ✅
+
+    start_time: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None  # monitoring session start ✅
+    stop_time: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None   # monitoring session stop ✅
+    serial: Optional[str] = None                    # device serial (e.g. "BE11529") ✅
+    geo_threshold_ips: Optional[float] = None       # trigger level from "Geo: X.XXX in/s" ✅
+
+    # Raw bytes for debugging / future decoding
+    raw_header: Optional[bytes] = field(default=None, repr=False)
+
+    @property
+    def duration_seconds(self) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Duration of monitoring interval in seconds, or None if times unavailable."""
+        if self.start_time and self.stop_time:
+            return (self.stop_time - self.start_time).total_seconds()
+        return None
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        start = self.start_time.isoformat() if self.start_time else "?"
+        stop  = self.stop_time.isoformat()  if self.stop_time  else "?"
+        dur   = f" ({self.duration_seconds:.0f}s)" if self.duration_seconds is not None else ""
+        return f"MonitorLog#{self.index} key={self.key} {start}→{stop}{dur}"
+
+
 # ── MonitorStatus ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 @dataclass

minimateplus/protocol.py

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ from .framing import (
     token_params,
     bulk_waveform_params,
     bulk_waveform_term_params,
+    bulk_waveform_term_v2,
+    parse_strt_end_offset,
     POLL_PROBE,
     POLL_DATA,
     SESSION_RESET,
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ SUB_POLL             = 0x5B
 SUB_SERIAL_NUMBER    = 0x15
 SUB_FULL_CONFIG      = 0x01
 SUB_EVENT_INDEX      = 0x08
-SUB_CHANNEL_CONFIG   = 0x06
+SUB_CHANNEL_CONFIG   = 0x06   # Event storage range read (first/last key) ✅
 SUB_MONITOR_STATUS   = 0x1C   # Monitoring status read (battery, memory, mode) ✅
 SUB_EVENT_HEADER     = 0x1E
 SUB_EVENT_ADVANCE    = 0x1F
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ SUB_WAVEFORM_HEADER  = 0x0A
 SUB_WAVEFORM_RECORD  = 0x0C
 SUB_BULK_WAVEFORM    = 0x5A
 SUB_COMPLIANCE       = 0x1A
+SUB_CALL_HOME        = 0x2C   # Call home config read  → response 0xD3 ✅
 SUB_UNKNOWN_2E       = 0x2E
 
 # Write command SUBs (= Read SUB + 0x60, confirmed from BW captures 3-11-26)
@@ -78,10 +81,20 @@ SUB_WRITE_CONFIRM_C      = 0x74   # Confirm C — sent after 69 ✅
 SUB_TRIGGER_CONFIG_WRITE = 0x82   # Write trigger config (0x22 + 0x60) ✅
 SUB_TRIGGER_CONFIRM      = 0x83   # Confirm trigger write ✅
 
+# Call home write SUBs (confirmed from 4-20-26 call home settings captures)
+SUB_CALL_HOME_WRITE      = 0x7E   # Write call home config  → response 0x81 ✅
+SUB_CALL_HOME_CONFIRM    = 0x7F   # Confirm call home write → response 0x80 ✅
+
 # Monitoring control SUBs (confirmed from 4-8-26/2ndtry BW TX capture)
 SUB_START_MONITORING     = 0x96   # Start monitoring  → response 0x69 ✅
 SUB_STOP_MONITORING      = 0x97   # Stop monitoring   → response 0x68 ✅
 
+# Erase-all SUBs (confirmed from 4-11-26 MITM capture)
+# Both use token=0xFE at params[7] and return minimal 11-byte acks.
+# Standard response formula applies: 0xFF - SUB.
+SUB_ERASE_ALL_BEGIN      = 0xA3   # Begin erase all events    → response 0x5C ✅
+SUB_ERASE_ALL_CONFIRM    = 0xA2   # Confirm erase all events  → response 0x5D ✅
+
 # Hardcoded data lengths for the two-step read protocol.
 #
 # The S3 probe response page_key is always 0x0000 — it does NOT carry the
@@ -96,12 +109,14 @@ DATA_LENGTHS: dict[int, int] = {
     SUB_SERIAL_NUMBER:  0x0A,   # 10-byte serial number block ✅
     SUB_FULL_CONFIG:    0x98,   # 152-byte full config block ✅
     SUB_EVENT_INDEX:    0x58,   # 88-byte event index ✅
+    SUB_CHANNEL_CONFIG: 0x24,   # 36-byte event storage range (first/last key) ✅
     SUB_MONITOR_STATUS: 0x2C,   # 44-byte monitor status block (idle) ✅
     SUB_EVENT_HEADER:   0x08,   # 8-byte event header (waveform key + event data) ✅
     SUB_EVENT_ADVANCE:  0x08,   # 8-byte next-key response ✅
     # SUB_WAVEFORM_HEADER (0x0A) is VARIABLE — length read from probe response
     # data[4].  Do NOT add it here; use read_waveform_header() instead. ✅
     SUB_WAVEFORM_RECORD: 0xD2,  # 210-byte waveform/histogram record ✅
+    SUB_CALL_HOME:      0x7C,   # 124-byte call home config ✅ (confirmed 4-20-26)
     SUB_UNKNOWN_2E:     0x1A,   # 26 bytes, purpose TBD 🔶
     0x09:               0xCA,   # 202 bytes, purpose TBD 🔶
     # SUB_COMPLIANCE (0x1A) uses a multi-step sequence with a 2090-byte total;
@@ -109,14 +124,22 @@ DATA_LENGTHS: dict[int, int] = {
 }
 
 # SUB 5A (BULK_WAVEFORM_STREAM) protocol constants.
-# Confirmed from 1-2-26 BW TX capture analysis (2026-04-02).
-_BULK_CHUNK_OFFSET = 0x1004   # offset field for probe + all regular chunk requests ✅
-_BULK_TERM_OFFSET  = 0x005A   # offset field for termination request ✅
-_BULK_COUNTER_STEP = 0x0400   # chunk counter increment per chunk ✅
-# Chunk counter formula: chunk_num * 0x0400 for ALL chunks including chunk 1.
-# Earlier captures showed 0x1004 for chunk 1 — that was a Blastware artifact, not a
-# protocol requirement.  Confirmed 2026-04-06: 0x0400 for chunk 1 works; 0x1004
-# causes a 120-second device timeout.  Formula n * 0x0400 is used for all chunks.
+#
+# 2026-05-01 minimal-fix: the chunk-counter walk is now bounded by the event's
+# `end_offset` extracted from the STRT record at data[23:27] of the probe
+# response.  Without this bound the loop kept asking for chunks past the event
+# end and the device responded with post-event circular-buffer garbage,
+# corrupting reconstructed Blastware files for events ≥ 2 sec.
+#
+# We keep the OLD 0x0400 chunk step here (BW actually uses 0x0200 — see §7.8.5
+# of the protocol reference for the corrected understanding) because the
+# existing blastware_file.py builder relies on the 0x0400-step frame structure
+# to produce valid files.  Switching to BW's 0x0200 step is a separate task
+# that also requires updating the file builder.
+# BW-exact protocol values (v0.14.0).  Verified against 4-27-26 + 5-1-26 captures.
+_BULK_CHUNK_OFFSET = 0x1002   # offset_word for probe + all chunk requests
+_BULK_TERM_OFFSET  = 0x005A   # offset_word for the legacy terminator (fallback only)
+_BULK_COUNTER_STEP = 0x0200   # chunk counter increment (matches chunk payload size)
 
 # Default timeout values (seconds).
 # MiniMate Plus is a slow device — keep these generous.
@@ -387,23 +410,32 @@ class MiniMateProtocol:
         Send the SUB 0A (WAVEFORM_HEADER) two-step read for *key4*.
 
         The data length for 0A is VARIABLE and must be read from the probe
-        response at data[4].  Two known values:
-          0x30 — full histogram bin (has a waveform record to follow)
-          0x26 — partial histogram bin (no waveform record)
+        response at data[4].  Two confirmed values:
+          0x46 (70)  — full triggered event (has 0C waveform record to follow)
+          0x2C (44)  — partial / monitor-log entry (no 0C record; 0A header only)
 
         Args:
             key4: 4-byte waveform record address from 1E or 1F.
 
         Returns:
-            (header_bytes, record_length) where:
-              header_bytes  — raw data section starting at data[11]
-              record_length — DATA_LENGTH read from probe (0x30 or 0x26)
+            (raw_data, record_length) where:
+              raw_data      — complete data_rsp.data bytes (full response payload)
+              record_length — DATA_LENGTH read from probe (0x46 for full, 0x2C for partial)
+
+        The raw_data layout:
+          raw_data[0]    = record type (0x46 = full triggered event, 0x2C = partial/monitor)
+          raw_data[1:5]  = 0x00 × 4
+          raw_data[5:9]  = event key (4 bytes)
+          raw_data[9:11] = 0x00 × 2
+          raw_data[11:]  = timestamps + separator + serial + channel strings
+                           (see MonitorLogEntry in models.py for full layout)
 
         Raises:
             ProtocolError: on timeout, bad checksum, or wrong response SUB.
 
-        Confirmed from 3-31-26 capture: 0A probe response data[4] carries
+        Confirmed from 4-11-26 MITM capture: 0A probe response data[4] carries
         the variable length; data-request uses that length as the offset byte.
+        record_length == data[0] in virtually all cases (confirmed empirically).
         """
         rsp_sub = _expected_rsp_sub(SUB_WAVEFORM_HEADER)
         params  = waveform_key_params(key4)
@@ -413,7 +445,7 @@ class MiniMateProtocol:
         probe_rsp = self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub)
 
         # Variable length — read from probe response data[4]
-        length = probe_rsp.data[4] if len(probe_rsp.data) > 4 else 0x30
+        length = probe_rsp.data[4] if len(probe_rsp.data) > 4 else 0x46
         log.debug("read_waveform_header: 0A data request offset=0x%02X", length)
 
         if length == 0:
@@ -422,12 +454,11 @@ class MiniMateProtocol:
         self._send(build_bw_frame(SUB_WAVEFORM_HEADER, length, params))
         data_rsp = self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub)
 
-        header_bytes = data_rsp.data[11:11 + length]
         log.debug(
             "read_waveform_header: key=%s length=0x%02X is_full=%s",
-            key4.hex(), length, length == 0x30,
+            key4.hex(), length, length >= 0x40,
         )
-        return header_bytes, length
+        return data_rsp.data, length
 
     def read_waveform_data_raw(self) -> bytes:
         """
@@ -503,142 +534,270 @@ class MiniMateProtocol:
         self,
         key4: bytes,
         *,
-        stop_after_metadata: bool = True,
-        max_chunks: int = 32,
-    ) -> list[bytes]:
+        stop_after_metadata: bool = True,   # DEPRECATED — no-op under BW-exact walk
+        max_chunks: int = 256,              # safety cap only; loop is bounded by end_offset
+        include_terminator: bool = False,
+        extra_chunks_after_metadata: int = 1,   # DEPRECATED — no-op
+    ) -> list[S3Frame]:
         """
-        Download the SUB 5A (BULK_WAVEFORM_STREAM) A5 frames for one event.
+        Download the SUB 5A (BULK_WAVEFORM_STREAM) A5 frames for one event using
+        Blastware's exact protocol.  REWRITTEN 2026-05-02 (v0.14.0).
 
-        The bulk waveform stream carries both raw ADC samples (large) and
-        event-time metadata strings ("Project:", "Client:", "User Name:",
-        "Seis Loc:", "Extended Notes") embedded in one of the middle frames
-        (confirmed: A5[7] of 9 for 1-2-26 capture).
+        Algorithm (matches BW captures across 2-sec / 3-sec / event-2):
 
-        Protocol is request-per-chunk, NOT a continuous stream:
-          1. Probe  (offset=_BULK_CHUNK_OFFSET, is_probe=True,  counter=0x0000)
-          2. Chunks (offset=_BULK_CHUNK_OFFSET, is_probe=False, counter+=0x0400)
-          3. Loop until metadata found (stop_after_metadata=True) or max_chunks
-          4. Termination (offset=_BULK_TERM_OFFSET, counter=last+_BULK_COUNTER_STEP)
-             Device responds with a final A5 frame (page_key=0x0000).
+          1. Probe
+               - For events at start_key[2:4] = 0x0000 (first event after erase
+                 / wrap): probe at counter=0x0000 with full key in params.
+               - For continuation events (start_key[2:4] != 0): first chunk at
+                 counter = start_key[2:4] + 0x0046; acts as both probe and
+                 first sample chunk; response carries STRT.
 
-        The termination frame (page_key=0x0000) is NOT included in the returned list.
+          2. Parse end_offset from STRT record at data[23:27] of the probe response.
 
-        Args:
-            key4:                4-byte waveform key from EVENT_HEADER (1E).
-            stop_after_metadata: If True (default), send termination as soon as
-                                 b"Project:" is found in a frame's data — avoids
-                                 downloading the full ADC waveform payload (several
-                                 hundred KB).  Set False to download everything.
-            max_chunks:          Safety cap on the number of chunk requests sent
-                                 (default 32; a typical event uses 9 large frames).
+          3. Read two fixed metadata pages at counter=0x1002 and counter=0x1004
+             — global session metadata (Project / Client / User Name / Seis Loc
+             / Extended Notes ASCII strings).  Event 1 only; continuation
+             events skip these (BW caches them across the session).
+
+          4. Walk sample chunks at 0x0200 increments, starting from 0x0600 for
+             event 1 or `start + 0x0046 + 0x0200` for continuation events.
+             Stop when `next_chunk + 0x0200 > end_offset`.
+
+          5. Send TERM frame with offset_word and params computed by
+             `bulk_waveform_term_v2(key4, end_offset, last_chunk_counter)`.
+             The TERM response contains the partial last chunk (residual =
+             end_offset - next_boundary) including the 26-byte 0e 08 file
+             footer.
 
         Returns:
-            List of raw data bytes from each A5 response frame (not including
-            the terminator frame).  Frame indices match the request sequence:
-            index 0 = probe response, index 1 = first chunk, etc.
+            List of S3Frame objects from each A5 response (probe, metadata
+            pages, sample chunks, optional TERM response).  Caller passes
+            `include_terminator=True` (e.g. write_blastware_file) to keep the
+            TERM response in the list — it's required to reconstruct the
+            file footer.
+
+        Deprecated kwargs:
+            stop_after_metadata: legacy "Project:"-string-based stop condition.
+                                 No-op under the BW-exact walk; the loop is
+                                 deterministically bounded by end_offset from
+                                 STRT.  Accepted for backward compat.
+            extra_chunks_after_metadata: same.
 
         Raises:
-            ProtocolError: on timeout, bad checksum, or unexpected SUB.
-
-        Confirmed from 1-2-26 BW TX/RX captures (2026-04-02):
-          - probe + 8 regular chunks + 1 termination = 10 TX frames
-          - 9 large A5 responses + 1 terminator A5  = 10 RX frames
-          - page_key=0x0010 on large frames; page_key=0x0000 on terminator ✅
-          - "Project:" metadata at A5[7].data[626] ✅
+            ProtocolError: on timeout / bad checksum / unexpected SUB.
         """
         if len(key4) != 4:
             raise ValueError(f"waveform key must be 4 bytes, got {len(key4)}")
 
-        rsp_sub = _expected_rsp_sub(SUB_BULK_WAVEFORM)   # 0xFF - 0x5A = 0xA5
-        frames_data: list[bytes] = []
-        counter = 0
+        # Quietly accept and warn on deprecated kwargs.
+        if not stop_after_metadata:
+            log.debug("5A: stop_after_metadata=False is no-op under BW-exact walk")
+        if extra_chunks_after_metadata not in (0, 1):
+            log.debug("5A: extra_chunks_after_metadata=%d is no-op under BW-exact walk",
+                      extra_chunks_after_metadata)
 
-        # ── Step 1: probe ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-        log.debug("5A probe  key=%s", key4.hex())
-        params = bulk_waveform_params(key4, 0, is_probe=True)
-        self._send(build_5a_frame(_BULK_CHUNK_OFFSET, params))
-        self._parser.reset()        # reset bytes_fed counter before probe recv
+        rsp_sub = _expected_rsp_sub(SUB_BULK_WAVEFORM)   # 0xA5
+        frames_data: list[S3Frame] = []
+
+        start_offset = (key4[2] << 8) | key4[3]
+        is_event_1   = (start_offset == 0)
+
+        # ── Step 1: probe / first chunk ──────────────────────────────────────
+        if is_event_1:
+            probe_counter = 0
+            probe_params  = bulk_waveform_params(key4, 0, is_probe=True)
+            log.debug("5A probe (event-1)  key=%s  counter=0x0000", key4.hex())
+        else:
+            # Continuation events: first 5A request lands at counter = key[2:4]
+            # (i.e. the address of the off=0x46 WAVEHDR record returned by 1F).
+            # The probe response carries STRT at byte 17 with end_offset.
+            #
+            # Confirmed 2026-05-04 from 5-1-26 "copy 2nd address" capture
+            # (BW probes counter=0x2238 with key=01112238, STRT@17 end=0x417E)
+            # and 5-4-26 BW captures (2-sec event probes counter=0x2238).
+            #
+            # The earlier "+0x46" formula in the doc came from calling
+            # start_key the BOUNDARY (off=0x2C) key, but the iteration walk
+            # uses 1F's off=0x46 key as cur_key, which already incorporates
+            # the +0x46 offset relative to the boundary.  Adding it again
+            # caused the probe to overshoot, miss STRT, and run uncapped.
+            probe_counter = start_offset
+            probe_params  = bulk_waveform_params(key4, probe_counter)
+            log.debug(
+                "5A probe (event-N)  key=%s  counter=0x%04X",
+                key4.hex(), probe_counter,
+            )
+
+        self._send(build_5a_frame(_BULK_CHUNK_OFFSET, probe_params))
+        self._parser.reset()
         try:
             rsp = self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub, reset_parser=False)
         except TimeoutError:
             log.warning(
-                "5A probe TIMED OUT for key=%s — "
-                "%d raw bytes received (no complete A5 frame assembled)",
+                "5A probe TIMED OUT for key=%s — %d raw bytes received",
                 key4.hex(), self._parser.bytes_fed,
             )
             raise
-        frames_data.append(rsp.data)
-        log.debug("5A A5[0]  page_key=0x%04X  %d bytes", rsp.page_key, len(rsp.data))
 
-        # ── Step 2: chunk loop ───────────────────────────────────────────────
-        # Chunk counters are monotonic: chunk_num * 0x0400 for all chunks.
-        # The 4-2-26 BW TX capture showed 0x1004 for chunk 1, but this is a
-        # Blastware artifact — the device accepts any counter value and streams
-        # data regardless.  Empirically confirmed 2026-04-06: 0x0400 for chunk 1
-        # works; 0x1004 causes the device to ignore the frame (timeout).
-        for chunk_num in range(1, max_chunks + 1):
-            counter = chunk_num * _BULK_COUNTER_STEP
-            params  = bulk_waveform_params(key4, counter)
-            log.debug("5A chunk %d  counter=0x%04X", chunk_num, counter)
+        frames_data.append(rsp)
+        log.debug("5A A5[0] (probe)  page_key=0x%04X  %d bytes",
+                  rsp.page_key, len(rsp.data))
+
+        # ── Step 2: parse STRT end_offset from probe response ────────────────
+        end_offset = parse_strt_end_offset(rsp.data)
+        if end_offset is None:
+            log.warning(
+                "5A probe response did not contain a STRT record; "
+                "cannot bound chunk loop — falling back to max_chunks=%d cap",
+                max_chunks,
+            )
+            end_offset = 0xFFFF   # impossible value → loop runs to max_chunks
+        else:
+            log.info(
+                "5A STRT  start_offset=0x%04X  end_offset=0x%04X  size=0x%04X",
+                start_offset, end_offset, end_offset - start_offset,
+            )
+
+        # ── Step 3: metadata pages 0x1002 + 0x1004 (event 1 only) ────────────
+        # Confirmed from BW captures: BW reads these two fixed device-buffer
+        # pages immediately after the probe for events at start_key[2:4]=0.
+        # Continuation events skip them (BW caches across the session).
+        # Their content is global compliance-setup metadata: Project, Client,
+        # User Name, Seis Loc, Extended Notes.
+        if is_event_1:
+            for meta_counter in (0x1002, 0x1004):
+                # Metadata page params have an extra trailing 0x00 byte
+                # (12-byte params instead of 11) — empirical from BW captures.
+                # Checksum-neutral but matches BW byte-for-byte.
+                meta_params = bytes([
+                    0x00,
+                    key4[0], key4[1],
+                    (meta_counter >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                    meta_counter & 0xFF,
+                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                ])
+                log.debug("5A metadata page  counter=0x%04X", meta_counter)
+                self._send(build_5a_frame(_BULK_CHUNK_OFFSET, meta_params))
+                self._parser.reset()
+                try:
+                    meta_rsp = self._recv_one(
+                        expected_sub=rsp_sub, reset_parser=False, timeout=10.0,
+                    )
+                except TimeoutError:
+                    log.warning(
+                        "5A metadata page 0x%04X TIMED OUT — continuing",
+                        meta_counter,
+                    )
+                    continue
+                frames_data.append(meta_rsp)
+                log.debug(
+                    "5A meta@0x%04X  page_key=0x%04X  %d bytes",
+                    meta_counter, meta_rsp.page_key, len(meta_rsp.data),
+                )
+
+        # ── Step 4: sample chunk loop, bounded by end_offset ─────────────────
+        # Sample chunks start at:
+        #   event 1:        counter = 0x0600
+        #   event N (>0):   counter = probe_counter + 0x0200
+        #                            (probe was the first sample chunk)
+        if is_event_1:
+            counter = 0x0600
+        else:
+            counter = probe_counter + _BULK_COUNTER_STEP
+
+        last_chunk_counter: Optional[int] = (
+            probe_counter if not is_event_1 else None
+        )
+        chunks_fetched = 0
+
+        while chunks_fetched < max_chunks:
+            # Stop when next chunk would straddle the event end.
+            if counter + _BULK_COUNTER_STEP > end_offset:
+                log.debug(
+                    "5A chunk loop done at counter=0x%04X (end=0x%04X); "
+                    "%d chunks fetched",
+                    counter, end_offset, chunks_fetched,
+                )
+                break
+
+            params = bulk_waveform_params(key4, counter)
+            log.debug("5A chunk #%d  counter=0x%04X", chunks_fetched + 1, counter)
             self._send(build_5a_frame(_BULK_CHUNK_OFFSET, params))
-            self._parser.reset()        # reset bytes_fed for accurate per-chunk count
+            self._parser.reset()
             try:
-                rsp = self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub, reset_parser=False, timeout=10.0)
+                rsp = self._recv_one(
+                    expected_sub=rsp_sub, reset_parser=False, timeout=10.0,
+                )
             except TimeoutError:
                 raw = self._parser.bytes_fed
                 log.warning(
                     "5A TIMEOUT chunk=%d counter=0x%04X raw_bytes=%d",
-                    chunk_num, counter, raw,
+                    chunks_fetched + 1, counter, raw,
                 )
                 if raw > 0 and frames_data:
-                    # Device sent a partial byte (likely a bare DLE/ETX end-of-stream
-                    # signal) but never completed a full frame.  Treat as graceful
-                    # stream end and fall through to the termination step.
                     log.warning(
-                        "5A end-of-stream detected at chunk=%d (raw_bytes=%d, "
-                        "frames_collected=%d) — proceeding to termination",
-                        chunk_num, raw, len(frames_data),
+                        "5A unexpected end-of-stream — proceeding to TERM",
                     )
                     break
                 raise
 
-            log.warning(
-                "5A RX chunk=%d page_key=0x%04X data_len=%d contains_Project=%s",
-                chunk_num, rsp.page_key, len(rsp.data), b"Project:" in rsp.data,
+            log.debug(
+                "5A RX chunk=%d page_key=0x%04X data_len=%d",
+                chunks_fetched + 1, rsp.page_key, len(rsp.data),
             )
 
             if rsp.page_key == 0x0000:
-                # Device unexpectedly terminated mid-stream (no termination needed).
-                log.debug("5A A5[%d] page_key=0x0000 — device terminated early", chunk_num)
+                # Device terminated mid-stream unexpectedly.
+                log.warning(
+                    "5A unexpected page_key=0x0000 mid-stream at counter=0x%04X",
+                    counter,
+                )
+                if include_terminator:
+                    frames_data.append(rsp)
                 return frames_data
 
-            frames_data.append(rsp.data)
-
-            if stop_after_metadata and b"Project:" in rsp.data:
-                log.debug("5A A5[%d] metadata found — stopping early", chunk_num)
-                break
+            frames_data.append(rsp)
+            last_chunk_counter = counter
+            counter += _BULK_COUNTER_STEP
+            chunks_fetched += 1
         else:
             log.warning(
-                "5A reached max_chunks=%d without end-of-stream; sending termination",
-                max_chunks,
+                "5A reached max_chunks=%d at counter=0x%04X (end=0x%04X)",
+                max_chunks, counter, end_offset,
             )
 
-        # ── Step 3: termination ──────────────────────────────────────────────
-        term_counter = counter + _BULK_COUNTER_STEP
-        term_params  = bulk_waveform_term_params(key4, term_counter)
-        log.debug(
-            "5A termination  term_counter=0x%04X  offset=0x%04X",
-            term_counter, _BULK_TERM_OFFSET,
-        )
-        self._send(build_5a_frame(_BULK_TERM_OFFSET, term_params))
-        try:
-            term_rsp = self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub)
+        # ── Step 5: TERM with proper end_offset-derived formula ──────────────
+        if last_chunk_counter is None or end_offset == 0xFFFF:
+            # No STRT or no chunks fetched — fall back to legacy TERM.
+            log.warning(
+                "5A using legacy TERM (offset_word=0x005A); "
+                "end_offset unavailable or no chunks fetched",
+            )
+            legacy_counter = (last_chunk_counter or probe_counter) + _BULK_COUNTER_STEP
+            term_offset_word = _BULK_TERM_OFFSET   # 0x005A
+            term_params = bulk_waveform_term_params(key4, legacy_counter)
+        else:
+            term_offset_word, term_params = bulk_waveform_term_v2(
+                key4, end_offset, last_chunk_counter,
+            )
             log.debug(
-                "5A termination response  page_key=0x%04X  %d bytes",
+                "5A TERM  offset_word=0x%04X  params[2:4]=%s  end=0x%04X  "
+                "last_chunk=0x%04X",
+                term_offset_word, term_params[2:4].hex(),
+                end_offset, last_chunk_counter,
+            )
+
+        self._send(build_5a_frame(term_offset_word, term_params))
+        try:
+            term_rsp = self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub, timeout=10.0)
+            log.info(
+                "5A TERM response  page_key=0x%04X  %d bytes",
                 term_rsp.page_key, len(term_rsp.data),
             )
+            if include_terminator:
+                frames_data.append(term_rsp)
         except TimeoutError:
-            log.debug("5A no termination response — device may have already closed")
+            log.warning("5A no TERM response (timeout)")
 
         return frames_data
 
@@ -778,7 +937,7 @@ class MiniMateProtocol:
                 continue
 
             chunk = data_rsp.data[11:]
-            log.warning(
+            log.debug(
                 "read_compliance_config: frame %s  page=0x%04X  data=%d  cfg_chunk=%d  running_total=%d",
                 step_name, data_rsp.page_key, len(data_rsp.data),
                 len(chunk), len(config) + len(chunk),
@@ -798,17 +957,18 @@ class MiniMateProtocol:
         except TimeoutError:
             pass
 
-        log.warning(
+        log.info(
             "read_compliance_config: done — %d cfg bytes total",
             len(config),
         )
 
-        # Hex dump first 128 bytes for field mapping
-        for row in range(0, min(len(config), 128), 16):
-            row_bytes = bytes(config[row:row + 16])
-            hex_part = ' '.join(f'{b:02x}' for b in row_bytes)
-            asc_part = ''.join(chr(b) if 32 <= b < 127 else '.' for b in row_bytes)
-            log.warning("  cfg[%04x]: %-48s  %s", row, hex_part, asc_part)
+        # Hex dump first 128 bytes — useful only for field-mapping work, not normal operation.
+        if log.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
+            for row in range(0, min(len(config), 128), 16):
+                row_bytes = bytes(config[row:row + 16])
+                hex_part = ' '.join(f'{b:02x}' for b in row_bytes)
+                asc_part = ''.join(chr(b) if 32 <= b < 127 else '.' for b in row_bytes)
+                log.debug("  cfg[%04x]: %-48s  %s", row, hex_part, asc_part)
 
         return bytes(config)
 
@@ -1072,6 +1232,89 @@ class MiniMateProtocol:
         self._send(frame)
         return self.recv_write_ack(expected_sub=rsp_sub)
 
+    # ── Call home config (SUBs 0x2C / 0x7E / 0x7F) ──────────────────────────
+
+    def read_call_home_config(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read the auto call home configuration (SUB 0x2C → response 0xD3).
+
+        Standard two-step read: probe (offset=0x00) then data (offset=0x7C=124).
+        Returns the raw 125-byte payload (data[11:] of the data response).
+
+        Confirmed from 4-20-26 call home settings capture:
+          - Probe response: data[4]=0x7C (confirms data length = 124)
+          - Data response: 136 bytes total (11-byte echo header + 125 bytes payload)
+          - Payload[0:3] = 0x00 0x7C 0xDC (header: zero, inner-length, constant)
+          - Payload[5]  = auto_call_home_enabled
+          - Payload[6:46] = dial_string (40-byte null-padded ASCII "RADIO RING")
+
+        Returns:
+            Raw 125-byte call home config payload (data[11:]).
+            Suitable for round-trip write (append \\x00\\x00 → 127-byte write payload).
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: on timeout or wrong response SUB.
+        """
+        rsp_sub = _expected_rsp_sub(SUB_CALL_HOME)   # 0xFF - 0x2C = 0xD3
+        length  = DATA_LENGTHS[SUB_CALL_HOME]         # 0x7C = 124
+
+        log.debug("read_call_home_config: 0x2C probe")
+        self._send(build_bw_frame(SUB_CALL_HOME, 0))
+        self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub)
+
+        log.debug("read_call_home_config: 0x2C data request offset=0x%02X", length)
+        self._send(build_bw_frame(SUB_CALL_HOME, length))
+        data_rsp = self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub)
+
+        payload = data_rsp.data[11:]
+        log.debug("read_call_home_config: received %d payload bytes", len(payload))
+        return payload
+
+    def write_call_home_config(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        """
+        Write the auto call home configuration (SUB 0x7E → 0x7F confirm).
+
+        Write sequence (confirmed from 4-20-26 call home settings captures):
+          SUB 0x7E  write 127-byte payload  → device acks SUB 0x81
+          SUB 0x7F  confirm (no data)       → device acks SUB 0x80
+
+        The 127-byte write payload = 125-byte read payload + b'\\x00\\x00'.
+        The offset field = data[1] + 2 = 0x7C + 2 = 0x7E = 126.
+
+        Write frame format: build_bw_write_frame (minimal DLE stuffing — only
+        BW_CMD is doubled; all other bytes are RAW).  The \\x10\\x03 sequence
+        within the payload is preserved as-is (device interprets DLE+ETX as the
+        literal value 0x03 per the inner-frame terminator convention).
+
+        Args:
+            data: 127-byte write payload (read payload + \\x00\\x00 footer).
+                  Must start with [0x00][0x7C][...] (standard header).
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError:    if data is not exactly 127 bytes or lacks expected header.
+            ProtocolError: on timeout or wrong response SUB.
+        """
+        if len(data) < 2:
+            raise ValueError(f"call home write payload must be at least 2 bytes, got {len(data)}")
+        rsp_sub_write   = _expected_rsp_sub(SUB_CALL_HOME_WRITE)    # 0xFF - 0x7E = 0x81
+        rsp_sub_confirm = _expected_rsp_sub(SUB_CALL_HOME_CONFIRM)  # 0xFF - 0x7F = 0x80
+
+        # Offset formula: data[1] + 2 (same pattern as other single-chunk writes)
+        offset = data[1] + 2   # 0x7C + 2 = 0x7E = 126
+        frame = build_bw_write_frame(SUB_CALL_HOME_WRITE, data, offset=offset)
+        log.debug(
+            "write_call_home_config: %d bytes  data[1]=0x%02X  offset=0x%04X",
+            len(data), data[1], offset,
+        )
+        self._send(frame)
+        self.recv_write_ack(expected_sub=rsp_sub_write)
+        log.debug("write_call_home_config: write acked; sending confirm 0x7F")
+
+        confirm_frame = build_bw_write_frame(SUB_CALL_HOME_CONFIRM, b"")
+        self._send(confirm_frame)
+        self.recv_write_ack(expected_sub=rsp_sub_confirm)
+        log.debug("write_call_home_config: confirm acked — done")
+
     # ── Monitoring ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     def read_monitor_status(self) -> S3Frame:
@@ -1137,6 +1380,78 @@ class MiniMateProtocol:
         self._send(frame)
         return self.recv_write_ack(expected_sub=rsp_sub)
 
+    def read_event_storage_range(self) -> S3Frame:
+        """
+        Read event storage range (SUB 0x06 → response 0xF9).
+
+        Two-step read: probe (offset=0x00) then data (offset=0x24 = 36 bytes).
+        Uses token=0xFE at params[7] — same as the erase sequence.
+
+        The 36-byte response ends with two 4-byte event keys (first and last
+        stored event key).  After a successful erase, both keys are 0x01110000
+        (device-empty sentinel).  Confirmed from 4-11-26 MITM capture.
+
+        Returns:
+            S3Frame with 36 bytes of storage range data.
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: on timeout or wrong response SUB.
+        """
+        rsp_sub = _expected_rsp_sub(SUB_CHANNEL_CONFIG)   # 0xFF - 0x06 = 0xF9
+        params  = token_params(0xFE)
+        log.debug("read_event_storage_range: probe step  rsp_sub=0x%02X", rsp_sub)
+        self._send(build_bw_frame(SUB_CHANNEL_CONFIG, offset=0x00, params=params))
+        self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub)
+
+        log.debug(
+            "read_event_storage_range: data step  offset=0x%02X",
+            DATA_LENGTHS[SUB_CHANNEL_CONFIG],
+        )
+        self._send(build_bw_frame(SUB_CHANNEL_CONFIG,
+                                  offset=DATA_LENGTHS[SUB_CHANNEL_CONFIG],
+                                  params=params))
+        return self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub)
+
+    def begin_erase_all(self) -> S3Frame:
+        """
+        Send Begin-Erase-All command (SUB 0xA3 → response 0x5C).
+
+        Single frame with token=0xFE at params[7].  The device acknowledges with
+        a minimal ack and begins the erase process.  Follow up with
+        read_monitor_status() + read_event_storage_range() + confirm_erase_all()
+        to complete the sequence.  Confirmed from 4-11-26 MITM capture.
+
+        Returns:
+            S3Frame ack from device (SUB 0x5C).
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: on timeout or wrong response SUB.
+        """
+        rsp_sub = _expected_rsp_sub(SUB_ERASE_ALL_BEGIN)   # 0xFF - 0xA3 = 0x5C
+        log.debug("begin_erase_all: rsp_sub=0x%02X", rsp_sub)
+        self._send(build_bw_frame(SUB_ERASE_ALL_BEGIN, params=token_params(0xFE)))
+        return self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub)
+
+    def confirm_erase_all(self) -> S3Frame:
+        """
+        Send Confirm-Erase-All command (SUB 0xA2 → response 0x5D).
+
+        Single frame with token=0xFE at params[7].  Must be preceded by
+        begin_erase_all() + read_monitor_status() + read_event_storage_range().
+        After this call the device memory is cleared.  Confirmed from 4-11-26
+        MITM capture.
+
+        Returns:
+            S3Frame ack from device (SUB 0x5D).
+
+        Raises:
+            ProtocolError: on timeout or wrong response SUB.
+        """
+        rsp_sub = _expected_rsp_sub(SUB_ERASE_ALL_CONFIRM)  # 0xFF - 0xA2 = 0x5D
+        log.debug("confirm_erase_all: rsp_sub=0x%02X", rsp_sub)
+        self._send(build_bw_frame(SUB_ERASE_ALL_CONFIRM, params=token_params(0xFE)))
+        return self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub)
+
     # ── Internal helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     def _send(self, frame: bytes) -> None:

minimateplus/transport.py

@@ -418,3 +418,138 @@ class TcpTransport(BaseTransport):
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         state = "connected" if self.is_connected else "disconnected"
         return f"TcpTransport({self.host!r}, port={self.port}, {state})"
+
+
+# ── Inbound / accepted-socket transport ───────────────────────────────────────
+
+class SocketTransport(TcpTransport):
+    """
+    Like TcpTransport but wraps an already-accepted inbound socket.
+
+    Used by the ACH inbound server (bridges/ach_server.py) — the device dials
+    IN to us, so by the time we create this transport the socket is already live.
+    connect() is a no-op; everything else (read, write, read_until_idle, …) is
+    inherited unchanged from TcpTransport.
+
+    Args:
+        sock: An already-connected socket.socket returned by server_socket.accept().
+        peer: Human-readable peer label for repr / logging (e.g. "203.0.113.5:54321").
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sock: socket.socket, peer: str = "inbound") -> None:
+        # Bypass TcpTransport.__init__ — we already have a live socket.
+        self.host            = peer
+        self.port            = 0
+        self.connect_timeout = 0.0
+        self._sock           = sock
+        sock.settimeout(self._RECV_TIMEOUT)
+
+    def connect(self) -> None:
+        """No-op — socket was already accepted inbound."""
+        pass  # Already have a live socket; nothing to open.
+
+    @property
+    def is_connected(self) -> bool:
+        return self._sock is not None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"SocketTransport(peer={self.host!r})"
+
+
+# ── Capturing transport (MITM-style raw byte mirror) ──────────────────────────
+
+class CapturingTransport(BaseTransport):
+    """
+    Wraps another BaseTransport and mirrors every byte to two raw capture files:
+
+        raw_bw_<...>.bin  — bytes WE wrote to the device (BW-side TX)
+        raw_s3_<...>.bin  — bytes the device wrote back  (S3-side TX)
+
+    The file naming and on-wire byte layout are identical to the captures
+    produced by `bridges/ach_mitm.py`, so the resulting `.bin` files can be
+    loaded directly by the Analyzer (File > Open Capture) and parsed by the
+    same tooling used for genuine Blastware MITM captures.
+
+    All BaseTransport methods are forwarded to the inner transport; the only
+    side-effect is that successful read/write byte streams are appended to the
+    two open binary files.
+
+    Args:
+        inner:   An already-built BaseTransport (SerialTransport / TcpTransport).
+        bw_path: File path for the "BW TX" stream (bytes we send).  Opened "wb".
+        s3_path: File path for the "S3 TX" stream (bytes the device sends).
+                 Opened "wb".
+
+    Example:
+        with CapturingTransport(TcpTransport("1.2.3.4", 9034),
+                                "raw_bw.bin", "raw_s3.bin") as t:
+            client = MiniMateClient(transport=t)
+            client.connect()
+            client.get_events()
+        # both .bin files now hold the full bidirectional capture.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, inner: BaseTransport, bw_path: str, s3_path: str) -> None:
+        self._inner = inner
+        self._bw_path = bw_path
+        self._s3_path = s3_path
+        self._bw_fh = None
+        self._s3_fh = None
+        # Forward inner attrs so callers can introspect (e.g. .host, .port).
+        self.host = getattr(inner, "host", None)
+        self.port = getattr(inner, "port", None)
+
+    # ── BaseTransport interface ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def connect(self) -> None:
+        if self._bw_fh is None:
+            self._bw_fh = open(self._bw_path, "wb", buffering=0)
+        if self._s3_fh is None:
+            self._s3_fh = open(self._s3_path, "wb", buffering=0)
+        self._inner.connect()
+
+    def disconnect(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self._inner.disconnect()
+        finally:
+            for fh_attr in ("_bw_fh", "_s3_fh"):
+                fh = getattr(self, fh_attr)
+                if fh is not None:
+                    try:
+                        fh.flush()
+                        fh.close()
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+                    setattr(self, fh_attr, None)
+
+    @property
+    def is_connected(self) -> bool:
+        return self._inner.is_connected
+
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        self._inner.write(data)
+        if data and self._bw_fh is not None:
+            try:
+                self._bw_fh.write(data)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+    def read(self, n: int) -> bytes:
+        got = self._inner.read(n)
+        if got and self._s3_fh is not None:
+            try:
+                self._s3_fh.write(got)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        return got
+
+    @property
+    def bw_path(self) -> str:
+        return self._bw_path
+
+    @property
+    def s3_path(self) -> str:
+        return self._s3_path
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"CapturingTransport({self._inner!r}, bw={self._bw_path!r}, s3={self._s3_path!r})"

parsers/s3_analyzer.py

@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ SUB_TABLE: dict[int, tuple[str, str, str]] = {
     0x82: ("TRIGGER_CONFIG_WRITE",      "BW→S3", "0x1C bytes; trigger config block; mirrors SUB 1C"),
     0x83: ("TRIGGER_WRITE_CONFIRM",     "BW→S3", "Short frame; commit step after 0x82"),
     # S3→BW responses
+    0x5A: ("BULK_WAVEFORM_STREAM",       "BW→S3", "Bulk waveform chunk request; response is A5 stream"),
     0xA4: ("POLL_RESPONSE",             "S3→BW", "Response to SUB 5B poll"),
+    0xA5: ("BULK_WAVEFORM_RESPONSE",    "S3→BW", "Response to SUB 5A; waveform chunks + metadata"),
     0xFE: ("FULL_CONFIG_RESPONSE",      "S3→BW", "Response to SUB 01"),
     0xF9: ("CHANNEL_CONFIG_RESPONSE",   "S3→BW", "Response to SUB 06"),
     0xF7: ("EVENT_INDEX_RESPONSE",      "S3→BW", "Response to SUB 08; contains backlight/power-save"),

parsers/s3_parser.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ STX = 0x02
 ETX = 0x03
 ACK = 0x41
 
-__version__ = "0.2.2"
+__version__ = "0.2.5"
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -184,9 +184,9 @@ def validate_bw_body_auto(body: bytes) -> Optional[Tuple[bytes, bytes, str]]:
 def parse_s3(blob: bytes, trailer_len: int) -> List[Frame]:
     frames: List[Frame] = []
 
-    IDLE = 0
-    IN_FRAME = 1
-    AFTER_DLE = 2
+    IDLE        = 0
+    IN_FRAME    = 1
+    IN_FRAME_DLE = 2   # saw DLE inside frame — waiting for next byte
 
     state = IDLE
     body = bytearray()
@@ -206,28 +206,26 @@ def parse_s3(blob: bytes, trailer_len: int) -> List[Frame]:
                 state = IN_FRAME
                 i += 2
                 continue
+            # ACK bytes, boot strings, garbage — silently ignored
 
         elif state == IN_FRAME:
             if b == DLE:
-                state = AFTER_DLE
+                state = IN_FRAME_DLE
                 i += 1
                 continue
-            body.append(b)
-
-        else:  # AFTER_DLE
-            if b == DLE:
-                body.append(DLE)
-                state = IN_FRAME
-                i += 1
-                continue
-
             if b == ETX:
+                # Bare ETX = real S3 frame terminator (confirmed from S3FrameParser)
                 end_offset = i + 1
                 trailer_start = i + 1
                 trailer_end = trailer_start + trailer_len
                 trailer = blob[trailer_start:trailer_end]
 
-                # For S3 mode we don't assume checksum type here yet.
+                # S3 checksums are deliberately not validated here.
+                # Large S3 responses (A5 bulk waveform, E5 compliance) embed
+                # inner DLE+ETX sub-frame terminators whose trailing 0x03 byte
+                # lands where the parser would expect the SUM8 checksum, causing
+                # false failures.  The live protocol (protocol.py _validate_frame)
+                # also skips S3 checksum enforcement for the same reason.
                 frames.append(Frame(
                     index=idx,
                     start_offset=start_offset,
@@ -244,13 +242,27 @@ def parse_s3(blob: bytes, trailer_len: int) -> List[Frame]:
                 state = IDLE
                 i = trailer_end
                 continue
+            body.append(b)
 
+        else:  # IN_FRAME_DLE
+            if b == DLE:
+                # DLE DLE → literal 0x10 in payload
+                body.append(DLE)
+                state = IN_FRAME
+                i += 1
+                continue
+            if b == ETX:
+                # DLE+ETX inside a frame = inner-frame terminator (A4/E5 sub-frames).
+                # Treat as literal data, NOT the outer frame end.
+                body.append(DLE)
+                body.append(ETX)
+                state = IN_FRAME
+                i += 1
+                continue
             # Unexpected DLE + byte → treat as literal data
             body.append(DLE)
             body.append(b)
             state = IN_FRAME
-            i += 1
-            continue
 
         i += 1
 
@@ -298,10 +310,13 @@ def parse_bw(blob: bytes, trailer_len: int, validate_checksum: bool) -> List[Fra
 
             if b == ETX:
                 # Candidate end-of-frame.
-                # Accept ETX if the next bytes look like a real next-frame start (ACK+STX),
-                # or we're at EOF. This prevents chopping on in-payload 0x03.
-                next_is_start = (i + 2 < n and blob[i + 1] == ACK and blob[i + 2] == STX)
-                at_eof = (i == n - 1)
+                # Skip any SESSION_RESET (41 03) sequences — sent before POLL to wake
+                # monitoring units — to find the real next frame start (ACK+STX).
+                j = i + 1
+                while j + 1 < n and blob[j] == ACK and blob[j + 1] == ETX:
+                    j += 2
+                next_is_start = (j + 1 < n and blob[j] == ACK and blob[j + 1] == STX)
+                at_eof = (i == n - 1) or (j >= n)
 
                 if not (next_is_start or at_eof):
                     # Not a real boundary -> payload byte

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools>=68", "wheel"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[project]
+name = "seismo-relay"
+version = "0.15.0"
+description = "Python client and REST server for MiniMate Plus seismographs"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
+dependencies = [
+    "fastapi>=0.104",
+    "uvicorn[standard]>=0.24",
+    "pyserial>=3.5",
+    "sqlalchemy>=2.0",
+    "python-multipart>=0.0.7",
+    "h5py>=3.10",
+    "numpy>=1.24",
+]
+
+[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
+# Auto-discovers minimateplus/, sfm/, bridges/ as packages
+where = ["."]
+include = ["minimateplus*", "sfm*", "bridges*"]

requirements.txt

@@ -2,3 +2,6 @@ fastapi
 uvicorn
 sqlalchemy
 pyserial
+python-multipart
+h5py
+numpy

scripts/backfill_sidecars.py

@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+"""
+scripts/backfill_sidecars.py — generate .sfm.json sidecars AND .h5
+clean-waveform files for existing events already in the waveform store
+that predate those features.
+
+Walks `<store_root>/<serial>/<filename>` and for each BW event file:
+
+  Sidecar (.sfm.json):
+    - Skip when an existing sidecar's blastware.sha256 matches the
+      current BW file's sha256.
+    - Else regenerate: prefer .a5.pkl (full fidelity); fall back to
+      parsing the BW binary directly (peaks computed from samples).
+
+  Clean waveform (.h5):
+    - Skip when <filename>.h5 already exists (idempotent).
+    - Else write from .a5.pkl (preferred) or BW binary parse (fallback).
+
+Usage:
+    python scripts/backfill_sidecars.py [--store-root PATH]
+                                        [--db-path PATH]
+                                        [--dry-run]
+                                        [--skip-hdf5]
+                                        [-v]
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import logging
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Allow running from the repo root without installation.
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent))
+
+from minimateplus import event_file_io
+from sfm import event_hdf5
+from sfm.waveform_store import WaveformStore, _frame_to_dict, _dict_to_frame  # noqa: F401
+from sfm.database import SeismoDb
+
+log = logging.getLogger("backfill_sidecars")
+
+
+def _looks_like_event_file(path: Path) -> bool:
+    """Same heuristic as the importer CLI."""
+    if not path.is_file():
+        return False
+    if path.name.endswith((".a5.pkl", ".sfm.json")):
+        return False
+    ext = path.suffix.lstrip(".")
+    if not (3 <= len(ext) <= 4):
+        return False
+    if not (ext[-1].upper() in {"W", "H"} or ext.endswith("0")):
+        return False
+    try:
+        return path.stat().st_size >= 70
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+
+def main(argv=None) -> int:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--db-path",
+        default=str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "bridges" / "captures" / "seismo_relay.db"),
+    )
+    p.add_argument("--store-root", default=None)
+    p.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true")
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--skip-hdf5", action="store_true",
+        help="Don't generate .h5 clean-waveform files (only sidecars).",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--force", action="store_true",
+        help=(
+            "Regenerate sidecars + .h5 even when an existing sidecar's "
+            "blastware.sha256 matches the current BW file.  Use this after "
+            "upgrading seismo-relay to pull in decoder bug fixes (e.g. the "
+            "STRT-rectime byte-offset fix in v0.15.x)."
+        ),
+    )
+    p.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true")
+    args = p.parse_args(argv)
+
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level=logging.DEBUG if args.verbose else logging.INFO,
+        format="%(asctime)s  %(levelname)-7s  %(name)s  %(message)s",
+        datefmt="%H:%M:%S",
+    )
+
+    db_path = Path(args.db_path).expanduser().resolve()
+    store_root = (
+        Path(args.store_root).expanduser().resolve()
+        if args.store_root else db_path.parent / "waveforms"
+    )
+    if not store_root.exists():
+        print(f"error: store root does not exist: {store_root}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+
+    store = WaveformStore(store_root)
+    db    = SeismoDb(db_path)
+
+    written = skipped = errors = 0
+    for serial_dir in sorted(p for p in store_root.iterdir() if p.is_dir()):
+        serial = serial_dir.name
+        for path in sorted(serial_dir.iterdir()):
+            if not _looks_like_event_file(path):
+                continue
+            sidecar_path = store.sidecar_path_for(serial, path.name)
+            try:
+                bw_sha = event_file_io.file_sha256(path)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                log.error("sha256 failed for %s: %s", path, exc)
+                errors += 1
+                continue
+
+            # Skip when an up-to-date sidecar already exists.
+            #
+            # Two-part freshness check:
+            #   1. blastware.sha256 must match the current BW file (proves
+            #      the sidecar describes THIS file).
+            #   2. source.tool_version must be ≥ current TOOL_VERSION (proves
+            #      the sidecar was written by a build that includes any
+            #      decoder fixes shipped since).
+            # Either part failing → regenerate.  --force bypasses both.
+            if sidecar_path.exists() and not args.force:
+                try:
+                    existing = event_file_io.read_sidecar(sidecar_path)
+                    sha_ok = existing.get("blastware", {}).get("sha256") == bw_sha
+                    src_ver = existing.get("source", {}).get("tool_version", "")
+                    def _vt(s):
+                        try:
+                            return tuple(int(p) for p in str(s).split(".")[:3])
+                        except Exception:
+                            return (0, 0, 0)
+                    ver_ok = _vt(src_ver) >= _vt(event_file_io.TOOL_VERSION)
+                    if sha_ok and ver_ok:
+                        skipped += 1
+                        continue
+                    if sha_ok and not ver_ok:
+                        log.info(
+                            "regenerating %s (sidecar tool_version=%s < current %s)",
+                            sidecar_path.name, src_ver or "(none)",
+                            event_file_io.TOOL_VERSION,
+                        )
+                except Exception:
+                    pass  # fall through to rewrite
+
+            # Decide path: A5-based (high-fidelity) or BW-only.
+            a5_path = serial_dir / f"{path.name}.a5.pkl"
+            try:
+                if a5_path.exists():
+                    frames = store.load_a5(serial, path.name)
+                    if not frames:
+                        raise RuntimeError("a5_pickle present but unreadable")
+                    # Build an Event by replaying the A5 decoders.  Note:
+                    # the .a5.pkl alone CANNOT recover timestamp /
+                    # record_type / waveform_key / per-channel peaks —
+                    # those live in the 0C record, which isn't saved
+                    # separately.  We seed those from the DB row + the
+                    # existing sidecar below so a re-backfill doesn't
+                    # nuke fields the original save populated.
+                    from minimateplus.client import (
+                        _decode_a5_metadata_into,
+                        _decode_a5_waveform,
+                    )
+                    from minimateplus.models import Event, PeakValues, ProjectInfo, Timestamp
+                    ev = Event(index=-1)
+                    _decode_a5_metadata_into(frames, ev)
+                    _decode_a5_waveform(frames, ev)
+                    source_kind = "sfm-live"
+                    a5_filename = a5_path.name
+                else:
+                    ev = event_file_io.read_blastware_file(path)
+                    source_kind = "bw-import"
+                    a5_filename = None
+                    from minimateplus.models import Event, PeakValues, ProjectInfo, Timestamp
+
+                # ── Seed missing fields from the SeismoDb events row ──
+                # The DB row was populated at original save time with peaks,
+                # project info, timestamp, record_type, sample_rate, etc.
+                # All of those survive intact in SQLite; pull them onto the
+                # rebuilt Event so the regenerated sidecar matches what was
+                # there before the backfill ran.
+                db_row = None
+                try:
+                    import sqlite3 as _sql
+                    with _sql.connect(str(db.db_path)) as _conn:
+                        _conn.row_factory = _sql.Row
+                        db_row = _conn.execute(
+                            "SELECT * FROM events "
+                            "WHERE serial=? AND blastware_filename=? "
+                            "LIMIT 1",
+                            (serial, path.name),
+                        ).fetchone()
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    log.debug("DB lookup failed for %s: %s", path.name, exc)
+
+                if db_row is not None:
+                    if ev.sample_rate is None and db_row["sample_rate"]:
+                        ev.sample_rate = int(db_row["sample_rate"])
+                    if not ev.record_type and db_row["record_type"]:
+                        ev.record_type = db_row["record_type"]
+                    if ev._waveform_key is None and db_row["waveform_key"]:
+                        try:
+                            ev._waveform_key = bytes.fromhex(db_row["waveform_key"])
+                        except Exception:
+                            pass
+                    # Timestamp from the ISO-8601 string in the DB row.
+                    if ev.timestamp is None and db_row["timestamp"]:
+                        try:
+                            import datetime as _dt
+                            _t = _dt.datetime.fromisoformat(db_row["timestamp"])
+                            ev.timestamp = Timestamp(
+                                raw=b"", flag=0x10,
+                                year=_t.year, unknown_byte=0,
+                                month=_t.month, day=_t.day,
+                                hour=_t.hour, minute=_t.minute, second=_t.second,
+                            )
+                        except Exception:
+                            pass
+                    # Peaks from the DB row when the A5 decode didn't supply them.
+                    if ev.peak_values is None:
+                        ev.peak_values = PeakValues(
+                            tran=db_row["tran_ppv"],
+                            vert=db_row["vert_ppv"],
+                            long=db_row["long_ppv"],
+                            peak_vector_sum=db_row["peak_vector_sum"],
+                            micl=db_row["mic_ppv"],
+                        )
+                    # Project info from the DB row when the A5 metadata-page
+                    # decode didn't pick it up.
+                    if ev.project_info is None or all(
+                        v in (None, "")
+                        for v in (
+                            (ev.project_info.project          if ev.project_info else None),
+                            (ev.project_info.client           if ev.project_info else None),
+                            (ev.project_info.operator         if ev.project_info else None),
+                            (ev.project_info.sensor_location  if ev.project_info else None),
+                        )
+                    ):
+                        ev.project_info = ProjectInfo(
+                            project=db_row["project"],
+                            client=db_row["client"],
+                            operator=db_row["operator"],
+                            sensor_location=db_row["sensor_location"],
+                        )
+
+                # Derive total_samples when we have both rectime + sample_rate.
+                # The decoder's STRT-derived value can be a buffer offset
+                # rather than a sample count — drop it in that case.
+                if ev.sample_rate and ev.rectime_seconds:
+                    derived = int(round(ev.sample_rate * ev.rectime_seconds))
+                    if (ev.total_samples is None
+                            or ev.total_samples > derived * 2
+                            or ev.total_samples < derived // 4):
+                        ev.total_samples = derived
+
+                # Preserve user-edited review state + extensions from the
+                # existing sidecar (false_trigger flag, notes, etc.) so a
+                # backfill never wipes them out.
+                preserved_review = None
+                preserved_ext    = None
+                if sidecar_path.exists():
+                    try:
+                        _existing = event_file_io.read_sidecar(sidecar_path)
+                        preserved_review = _existing.get("review")
+                        preserved_ext    = _existing.get("extensions")
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+
+                sidecar = event_file_io.event_to_sidecar_dict(
+                    ev,
+                    serial=serial,
+                    blastware_filename=path.name,
+                    blastware_filesize=path.stat().st_size,
+                    blastware_sha256=bw_sha,
+                    source_kind=source_kind,
+                    a5_pickle_filename=a5_filename,
+                    review=preserved_review,
+                    extensions=preserved_ext,
+                )
+
+                # Also emit the .h5 clean-waveform file when missing OR when
+                # --force was passed (so a re-backfill picks up decoder fixes).
+                hdf5_path = store.hdf5_path_for(serial, path.name)
+                hdf5_filename = hdf5_path.name if hdf5_path.exists() else None
+                hdf5_action = "kept"
+                need_h5 = not args.skip_hdf5 and (args.force or not hdf5_path.exists())
+                if need_h5:
+                    if args.dry_run:
+                        hdf5_action = "would (re)write"
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            event_hdf5.write_event_hdf5(
+                                hdf5_path, ev,
+                                serial=serial,
+                                geo_range="normal",
+                                source_kind=source_kind,
+                            )
+                            hdf5_filename = hdf5_path.name
+                            hdf5_action = "rewrote" if hdf5_path.exists() else "wrote"
+                        except Exception as exc:
+                            log.warning("HDF5 write failed for %s: %s", path.name, exc)
+                            hdf5_action = "FAILED"
+
+                if args.dry_run:
+                    print(f"  [DRY ] would write {sidecar_path.name} "
+                          f"+ .h5 ({hdf5_action})  source={source_kind}")
+                    written += 1
+                    continue
+
+                event_file_io.write_sidecar(sidecar_path, sidecar)
+
+                # Best-effort: keep the SQL row's sidecar_filename in sync
+                # by upserting via insert_events (it dedups on serial+ts).
+                try:
+                    db.insert_events(
+                        [ev], serial=serial,
+                        waveform_records=(
+                            {ev._waveform_key.hex(): {
+                                "filename":           path.name,
+                                "filesize":           path.stat().st_size,
+                                "a5_pickle_filename": a5_filename,
+                                "sidecar_filename":   sidecar_path.name,
+                            }}
+                            if ev._waveform_key else None
+                        ),
+                    )
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    log.warning("DB upsert failed for %s: %s", path.name, exc)
+
+                print(f"  [OK  ] {path.name}  → {sidecar_path.name} "
+                      f"+ h5 ({hdf5_action})  source={source_kind}")
+                written += 1
+
+            except Exception as exc:
+                log.error("backfill failed for %s: %s", path, exc, exc_info=args.verbose)
+                errors += 1
+
+    print(f"\nDone.  written={written}  skipped(uptodate)={skipped}  errors={errors}")
+    return 0 if errors == 0 else 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())

sfm/cache.py

@@ -83,13 +83,24 @@ class CachedEvent(Base):
 
     Events are immutable once recorded on the device; once we have an event in
     the cache it never needs to be re-downloaded unless explicitly requested.
+
+    The two extra columns `waveform_key` and `event_timestamp` are an
+    integrity stamp: when set_event() / set_waveform() are called with a
+    different (waveform_key, event_timestamp) for the same (conn_key, index),
+    we know the device was erased and re-recorded — the cached row no longer
+    refers to the same physical event and the entire device's cache is
+    flushed before the new entry is written.  This catches the post-erase
+    key-reuse bug where the device's first new event (key 01110000) collides
+    with the first event we previously downloaded.
     """
     __tablename__ = "cached_events"
 
-    conn_key   = sa.Column(sa.String, primary_key=True)
-    index      = sa.Column(sa.Integer, primary_key=True)
-    event_json = sa.Column(sa.Text,   nullable=False)  # serialised Event dict
-    cached_at  = sa.Column(sa.Float,  nullable=False)  # Unix timestamp
+    conn_key       = sa.Column(sa.String, primary_key=True)
+    index          = sa.Column(sa.Integer, primary_key=True)
+    event_json     = sa.Column(sa.Text,   nullable=False)  # serialised Event dict
+    cached_at      = sa.Column(sa.Float,  nullable=False)  # Unix timestamp
+    waveform_key   = sa.Column(sa.String, nullable=True)   # 8-hex device key
+    event_timestamp = sa.Column(sa.String, nullable=True)  # ISO-8601 from 0C
 
 
 class CachedWaveform(Base):
@@ -97,14 +108,18 @@ class CachedWaveform(Base):
     Full raw ADC waveform for a single event (SUB 5A full download).
 
     These are large (up to several MB) and expensive to fetch over cellular.
-    Once downloaded they are immutable and cached permanently.
+    Once downloaded they are immutable and cached permanently — but the
+    cache row is invalidated when the device is erased and a new event lands
+    at the same index (see CachedEvent docstring).
     """
     __tablename__ = "cached_waveforms"
 
-    conn_key      = sa.Column(sa.String, primary_key=True)
-    index         = sa.Column(sa.Integer, primary_key=True)
-    waveform_json = sa.Column(sa.Text,   nullable=False)  # full /device/event/{idx}/waveform response JSON
-    cached_at     = sa.Column(sa.Float,  nullable=False)
+    conn_key       = sa.Column(sa.String, primary_key=True)
+    index          = sa.Column(sa.Integer, primary_key=True)
+    waveform_json  = sa.Column(sa.Text,   nullable=False)  # full /device/event/{idx}/waveform response JSON
+    cached_at      = sa.Column(sa.Float,  nullable=False)
+    waveform_key   = sa.Column(sa.String, nullable=True)   # 8-hex device key
+    event_timestamp = sa.Column(sa.String, nullable=True)  # ISO-8601 from 0C
 
 
 class CachedMonitorStatus(Base):
@@ -149,6 +164,23 @@ class SFMCache:
         engine = sa.create_engine(url, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False})
         Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
         self._Session = orm.sessionmaker(bind=engine)
+        # In-place schema migration: add the (waveform_key, event_timestamp)
+        # integrity-stamp columns to legacy cache DBs that predate the
+        # post-erase eviction logic.  ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN is idempotent
+        # via the column-presence check below.
+        with engine.begin() as conn:
+            for table in ("cached_events", "cached_waveforms"):
+                cols = {
+                    r[1]
+                    for r in conn.exec_driver_sql(f"PRAGMA table_info({table})").fetchall()
+                }
+                for new_col, ddl in (
+                    ("waveform_key", "TEXT"),
+                    ("event_timestamp", "TEXT"),
+                ):
+                    if new_col not in cols:
+                        log.info("cache schema: %s ADD COLUMN %s %s", table, new_col, ddl)
+                        conn.exec_driver_sql(f"ALTER TABLE {table} ADD COLUMN {new_col} {ddl}")
         log.info("SFM cache opened: %s", db_path)
 
     # ── Connection key ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -242,15 +274,91 @@ class SFMCache:
             row = s.get(CachedEvent, (conn_key, index))
             return json.loads(row.event_json) if row else None
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _event_signature(ev: dict) -> tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
+        """
+        Extract the (waveform_key_hex, timestamp_iso) integrity stamp from
+        a serialised event dict.  Either field may be None if the source
+        Event was missing it; the comparison logic in set_events/set_waveform
+        treats "both sides have a value AND they differ" as the only
+        eviction trigger, so partial data never spuriously flushes cache.
+        """
+        key = ev.get("waveform_key") or ev.get("_waveform_key")
+        if isinstance(key, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            key = bytes(key).hex()
+        ts = ev.get("timestamp")
+        if isinstance(ts, dict):
+            # _serialise_timestamp returns a dict like {"iso": "...", ...}
+            ts = ts.get("iso") or ts.get("string") or None
+        return (key if isinstance(key, str) else None,
+                ts  if isinstance(ts,  str) else None)
+
+    def _maybe_flush_on_mismatch(
+        self,
+        s,
+        conn_key: str,
+        index: int,
+        new_key: Optional[str],
+        new_ts: Optional[str],
+    ) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check whether the cached entry at (conn_key, index) has a different
+        (waveform_key, timestamp) than the incoming one.  If so, treat it as
+        a post-erase key-reuse signal and flush ALL cached events/waveforms
+        for this device, then return True.
+        Returns False when no flush was needed.
+        """
+        if not new_key and not new_ts:
+            return False  # nothing to compare against
+        existing = s.get(CachedEvent, (conn_key, index))
+        if existing is None:
+            existing = s.get(CachedWaveform, (conn_key, index))
+        if existing is None:
+            return False
+        old_key = existing.waveform_key
+        old_ts  = existing.event_timestamp
+        # Only flush when both sides have populated values and they differ.
+        differs = (
+            (new_key and old_key and new_key != old_key)
+            or (new_ts and old_ts and new_ts != old_ts)
+        )
+        if not differs:
+            return False
+        log.warning(
+            "cache: device %s — index %d (key=%s, ts=%s) replaces (key=%s, ts=%s); "
+            "flushing all cached events/waveforms for this device "
+            "(post-erase key reuse detected)",
+            conn_key, index, new_key, new_ts, old_key, old_ts,
+        )
+        s.query(CachedEvent).filter_by(conn_key=conn_key).delete()
+        s.query(CachedWaveform).filter_by(conn_key=conn_key).delete()
+        return True
+
     def set_events(self, conn_key: str, events: list[dict]) -> None:
         """
         Upsert a list of event dicts.  Existing rows are updated; new rows are
         inserted.  This is used to add newly-discovered events to the cache.
+
+        Eviction: if any incoming event has a different (waveform_key,
+        timestamp) than the row currently cached at the same index, we flush
+        the entire device's cache before inserting the new entries.  Catches
+        post-erase key reuse where index 0 silently switches identity.
         """
         now = time.time()
         with self._Session() as s:
+            # Eviction check: scan incoming events for any (index, key, ts)
+            # that conflicts with a cached row.  A single conflict triggers
+            # a full device-wide flush so we don't end up with a mixed-era
+            # cache.
+            for ev in events:
+                key, ts = self._event_signature(ev)
+                if self._maybe_flush_on_mismatch(s, conn_key, ev["index"], key, ts):
+                    s.commit()
+                    break  # cache is now empty for this device; carry on
+
             for ev in events:
                 idx = ev["index"]
+                key, ts = self._event_signature(ev)
                 row = s.get(CachedEvent, (conn_key, idx))
                 if row is None:
                     row = CachedEvent(
@@ -258,12 +366,18 @@ class SFMCache:
                         index=idx,
                         event_json=json.dumps(ev),
                         cached_at=now,
+                        waveform_key=key,
+                        event_timestamp=ts,
                     )
                     s.add(row)
                     log.debug("cached new event %d for %s", idx, conn_key)
                 else:
                     # Refresh in case project_info was backfilled after initial store
                     row.event_json = json.dumps(ev)
+                    if key:
+                        row.waveform_key = key
+                    if ts:
+                        row.event_timestamp = ts
             s.commit()
 
     # ── Waveforms ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -278,8 +392,16 @@ class SFMCache:
             return json.loads(row.waveform_json)
 
     def set_waveform(self, conn_key: str, index: int, waveform: dict) -> None:
-        """Store a full waveform response dict permanently."""
+        """
+        Store a full waveform response dict permanently.
+
+        Like set_events, this checks the (waveform_key, timestamp) signature
+        of the incoming entry against what's currently cached at the same
+        index.  A mismatch flushes the entire device's cache before insert.
+        """
+        key, ts = self._event_signature(waveform)
         with self._Session() as s:
+            self._maybe_flush_on_mismatch(s, conn_key, index, key, ts)
             row = s.get(CachedWaveform, (conn_key, index))
             if row is None:
                 row = CachedWaveform(
@@ -287,13 +409,20 @@ class SFMCache:
                     index=index,
                     waveform_json=json.dumps(waveform),
                     cached_at=time.time(),
+                    waveform_key=key,
+                    event_timestamp=ts,
                 )
                 s.add(row)
             else:
                 row.waveform_json = json.dumps(waveform)
                 row.cached_at = time.time()
+                if key:
+                    row.waveform_key = key
+                if ts:
+                    row.event_timestamp = ts
             s.commit()
-        log.debug("cached waveform for %s event %d", conn_key, index)
+        log.debug("cached waveform for %s event %d (key=%s, ts=%s)",
+                  conn_key, index, key, ts)
 
     # ── Monitor status ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 

sfm/database.py

@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+"""
+sfm/database.py — SQLite persistence layer for seismo-relay.
+
+Three tables, all keyed by unit serial number:
+
+  ach_sessions   — one row per inbound ACH call-home
+  events         — one row per triggered waveform event (deduped by serial+timestamp)
+  monitor_log    — one row per monitoring interval (deduped by serial+start_time)
+
+The DB file lives at:
+  <output_dir>/seismo_relay.db     (default: bridges/captures/seismo_relay.db)
+
+Usage
+-----
+  from sfm.database import SeismoDb
+
+  db = SeismoDb("bridges/captures/seismo_relay.db")
+
+  # Write a call-home session
+  session_id = db.insert_ach_session(serial="BE11529", peer="1.2.3.4:51920",
+                                     events_downloaded=3, monitor_entries=2,
+                                     duration_seconds=47.3)
+
+  # Write events (silently skips duplicates)
+  db.insert_events(events, serial="BE11529", session_id=session_id)
+
+  # Write monitor log entries
+  db.insert_monitor_log(entries, session_id=session_id)
+
+  # Query
+  rows = db.query_events(serial="BE11529", from_dt=datetime(...), to_dt=datetime(...))
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import logging
+import sqlite3
+import uuid
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+from minimateplus.models import Event, MonitorLogEntry
+
+log = logging.getLogger("sfm.database")
+
+# ── Schema ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+_SCHEMA = """
+PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL;
+PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ach_sessions (
+    id                      TEXT PRIMARY KEY,       -- UUID
+    serial                  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    session_time            TEXT NOT NULL,          -- ISO-8601 UTC
+    peer                    TEXT,                   -- "ip:port"
+    events_downloaded       INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    monitor_entries         INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    duration_seconds        REAL,
+    created_at              TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', 'now'))
+);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_ach_sessions_serial ON ach_sessions(serial);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_ach_sessions_time   ON ach_sessions(session_time);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS events (
+    id                      TEXT PRIMARY KEY,       -- UUID
+    serial                  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    waveform_key            TEXT NOT NULL,          -- 8-hex device key (dedup field)
+    session_id              TEXT,                   -- FK → ach_sessions.id
+    timestamp               TEXT,                   -- ISO-8601 local time from device
+    tran_ppv                REAL,                   -- in/s
+    vert_ppv                REAL,                   -- in/s
+    long_ppv                REAL,                   -- in/s
+    peak_vector_sum         REAL,                   -- in/s
+    mic_ppv                 REAL,                   -- psi or dB depending on setup
+    project                 TEXT,
+    client                  TEXT,
+    operator                TEXT,
+    sensor_location         TEXT,
+    sample_rate             INTEGER,
+    record_type             TEXT,                   -- "single_shot" | "continuous"
+    false_trigger           INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,  -- 0=no, 1=yes (manual flag)
+    blastware_filename      TEXT,                   -- event file within waveform store; extension is per-event (AB0T encodes timestamp)
+    blastware_filesize      INTEGER,                -- bytes; NULL if no event file saved
+    a5_pickle_filename      TEXT,                   -- "<filename>.a5.pkl" sidecar
+    sidecar_filename        TEXT,                   -- "<filename>.sfm.json" review/metadata sidecar
+    created_at              TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', 'now')),
+    UNIQUE(serial, timestamp)
+);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_events_serial    ON events(serial);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_events_timestamp ON events(timestamp);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_events_session   ON events(session_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS monitor_log (
+    id                      TEXT PRIMARY KEY,       -- UUID
+    serial                  TEXT NOT NULL,
+    waveform_key            TEXT NOT NULL,          -- 8-hex device key (dedup field)
+    session_id              TEXT,                   -- FK → ach_sessions.id
+    start_time              TEXT,                   -- ISO-8601
+    stop_time               TEXT,                   -- ISO-8601
+    duration_seconds        REAL,
+    geo_threshold_ips       REAL,                   -- in/s
+    created_at              TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', 'now')),
+    UNIQUE(serial, start_time)
+);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_monitor_log_serial ON monitor_log(serial);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_monitor_log_start  ON monitor_log(start_time);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_monitor_log_session ON monitor_log(session_id);
+"""
+
+
+# ── SeismoDb class ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class SeismoDb:
+    """
+    Thin SQLite wrapper for seismo-relay persistence.
+
+    Thread-safe: each call opens, uses, and closes a connection with
+    check_same_thread=False and WAL mode enabled.  For the ACH server's
+    single-writer / occasional-reader pattern this is more than sufficient.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, db_path: str | Path) -> None:
+        self.db_path = Path(db_path)
+        self.db_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        self._init_schema()
+        log.info("SeismoDb initialised at %s", self.db_path)
+
+    # ── Internal helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def _connect(self) -> sqlite3.Connection:
+        conn = sqlite3.connect(str(self.db_path), check_same_thread=False)
+        conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
+        conn.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL")
+        conn.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")
+        return conn
+
+    def _init_schema(self) -> None:
+        with self._connect() as conn:
+            conn.executescript(_SCHEMA)
+            self._migrate(conn)
+
+    def _migrate(self, conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+        """Apply in-place schema migrations for existing databases."""
+
+        # Migration 1: change events UNIQUE from (serial, waveform_key) [or any
+        # waveform_key-based variant] to (serial, timestamp).
+        # Rationale: device key counter resets to 01110000 after every erase, so
+        # waveform_key is not a stable dedup field across erase cycles.  The event
+        # timestamp (from the device clock) is the correct natural key.
+        row = conn.execute(
+            "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='events'"
+        ).fetchone()
+        if row and "UNIQUE(serial, timestamp)" not in row[0]:
+            log.info("_migrate: rebuilding events table — UNIQUE(serial, timestamp)")
+            conn.executescript("""
+                ALTER TABLE events RENAME TO events_old;
+
+                CREATE TABLE events (
+                    id                      TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                    serial                  TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    waveform_key            TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    session_id              TEXT,
+                    timestamp               TEXT,
+                    tran_ppv                REAL,
+                    vert_ppv                REAL,
+                    long_ppv                REAL,
+                    peak_vector_sum         REAL,
+                    mic_ppv                 REAL,
+                    project                 TEXT,
+                    client                  TEXT,
+                    operator                TEXT,
+                    sensor_location         TEXT,
+                    sample_rate             INTEGER,
+                    record_type             TEXT,
+                    false_trigger           INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+                    created_at              TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', 'now')),
+                    UNIQUE(serial, timestamp)
+                );
+
+                INSERT OR IGNORE INTO events SELECT * FROM events_old;
+                DROP TABLE events_old;
+
+                CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_events_serial    ON events(serial);
+                CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_events_timestamp ON events(timestamp);
+                CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_events_session   ON events(session_id);
+            """)
+            log.info("_migrate: events table rebuilt OK")
+
+        # Migration 1b: add Blastware-file columns to existing events tables.
+        # New columns are NULLable so old rows just read NULL.
+        existing_cols = {
+            r[1] for r in conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(events)").fetchall()
+        }
+        for col, ddl in (
+            ("blastware_filename", "TEXT"),
+            ("blastware_filesize", "INTEGER"),
+            ("a5_pickle_filename", "TEXT"),
+            ("sidecar_filename",   "TEXT"),
+        ):
+            if col not in existing_cols:
+                log.info("_migrate: events ADD COLUMN %s %s", col, ddl)
+                conn.execute(f"ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN {col} {ddl}")
+
+        # Migration 2: change monitor_log UNIQUE from (serial, waveform_key) to
+        # (serial, start_time) — same reasoning as events.
+        row = conn.execute(
+            "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='monitor_log'"
+        ).fetchone()
+        if row and "UNIQUE(serial, start_time)" not in row[0]:
+            log.info("_migrate: rebuilding monitor_log table — UNIQUE(serial, start_time)")
+            conn.executescript("""
+                ALTER TABLE monitor_log RENAME TO monitor_log_old;
+
+                CREATE TABLE monitor_log (
+                    id                      TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                    serial                  TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    waveform_key            TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    session_id              TEXT,
+                    start_time              TEXT,
+                    stop_time               TEXT,
+                    duration_seconds        REAL,
+                    geo_threshold_ips       REAL,
+                    created_at              TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', 'now')),
+                    UNIQUE(serial, start_time)
+                );
+
+                INSERT OR IGNORE INTO monitor_log SELECT * FROM monitor_log_old;
+                DROP TABLE monitor_log_old;
+
+                CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_monitor_log_serial  ON monitor_log(serial);
+                CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_monitor_log_start   ON monitor_log(start_time);
+                CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_monitor_log_session ON monitor_log(session_id);
+            """)
+            log.info("_migrate: monitor_log table rebuilt OK")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _iso(dt: Optional[datetime.datetime]) -> Optional[str]:
+        return dt.isoformat() if dt is not None else None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _new_id() -> str:
+        return str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+    # ── ACH sessions ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def insert_ach_session(
+        self,
+        *,
+        serial: str,
+        peer: Optional[str] = None,
+        events_downloaded: int = 0,
+        monitor_entries: int = 0,
+        duration_seconds: Optional[float] = None,
+        session_time: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Insert a new ACH session row. Returns the new session UUID."""
+        sid = self._new_id()
+        ts  = self._iso(session_time or datetime.datetime.utcnow())
+        with self._connect() as conn:
+            conn.execute(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO ach_sessions
+                    (id, serial, session_time, peer,
+                     events_downloaded, monitor_entries, duration_seconds)
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                """,
+                (sid, serial, ts, peer,
+                 events_downloaded, monitor_entries, duration_seconds),
+            )
+        log.debug("ach_session inserted: %s serial=%s events=%d monitor=%d",
+                  sid, serial, events_downloaded, monitor_entries)
+        return sid
+
+    def get_sessions(
+        self,
+        serial: Optional[str] = None,
+        limit: int = 50,
+    ) -> list[dict]:
+        """Return recent ACH sessions, newest first."""
+        with self._connect() as conn:
+            if serial:
+                rows = conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT * FROM ach_sessions WHERE serial=? "
+                    "ORDER BY session_time DESC LIMIT ?",
+                    (serial, limit),
+                ).fetchall()
+            else:
+                rows = conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT * FROM ach_sessions ORDER BY session_time DESC LIMIT ?",
+                    (limit,),
+                ).fetchall()
+        return [dict(r) for r in rows]
+
+    # ── Events ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def insert_events(
+        self,
+        events: list[Event],
+        *,
+        serial: str,
+        session_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        waveform_records: Optional[dict[str, dict]] = None,
+    ) -> tuple[int, int]:
+        """
+        Insert triggered events. Silently skips duplicates (serial+timestamp).
+        Returns (inserted, skipped).
+
+        ``waveform_records`` (optional): dict keyed by event waveform_key (hex)
+        whose value is a record from ``WaveformStore.save()``:
+            {"filename": str, "filesize": int, "a5_pickle_filename": str}
+
+        For events whose key is in this dict, the matching columns are
+        populated.  If a row with the same (serial, timestamp) already exists
+        (dedup hit), the matching waveform record is upserted onto the
+        existing row so a re-download via the live endpoint refreshes the
+        file metadata.
+        """
+        inserted = skipped = 0
+        wave_recs = waveform_records or {}
+        with self._connect() as conn:
+            for ev in events:
+                key = ev._waveform_key.hex() if ev._waveform_key else None
+                if key is None:
+                    skipped += 1
+                    continue
+
+                ts  = None
+                if ev.timestamp:
+                    try:
+                        ts = datetime.datetime(
+                            ev.timestamp.year, ev.timestamp.month, ev.timestamp.day,
+                            ev.timestamp.hour, ev.timestamp.minute, ev.timestamp.second,
+                        ).isoformat()
+                    except Exception:
+                        ts = str(ev.timestamp)
+
+                pv  = ev.peak_values
+                pi  = ev.project_info
+                rec = wave_recs.get(key) or {}
+
+                try:
+                    conn.execute(
+                        """
+                        INSERT INTO events
+                            (id, serial, waveform_key, session_id, timestamp,
+                             tran_ppv, vert_ppv, long_ppv, peak_vector_sum, mic_ppv,
+                             project, client, operator, sensor_location,
+                             sample_rate, record_type,
+                             blastware_filename, blastware_filesize,
+                             a5_pickle_filename, sidecar_filename)
+                        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                        """,
+                        (
+                            self._new_id(), serial, key, session_id, ts,
+                            pv.tran  if pv else None,
+                            pv.vert  if pv else None,
+                            pv.long  if pv else None,
+                            pv.peak_vector_sum if pv else None,
+                            pv.micl  if pv else None,
+                            pi.project         if pi else None,
+                            pi.client          if pi else None,
+                            pi.operator        if pi else None,
+                            pi.sensor_location if pi else None,
+                            ev.sample_rate,
+                            ev.record_type,
+                            rec.get("filename"),
+                            rec.get("filesize"),
+                            rec.get("a5_pickle_filename"),
+                            rec.get("sidecar_filename"),
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    inserted += 1
+                except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+                    skipped += 1
+                    # Upsert waveform fields onto the existing dedup row so a
+                    # re-download via the live endpoint refreshes filename /
+                    # size / sidecar without churning the rest of the row.
+                    if rec and ts:
+                        conn.execute(
+                            """
+                            UPDATE events
+                               SET blastware_filename = ?,
+                                   blastware_filesize = ?,
+                                   a5_pickle_filename = ?,
+                                   sidecar_filename   = ?
+                             WHERE serial = ? AND timestamp = ?
+                            """,
+                            (
+                                rec.get("filename"),
+                                rec.get("filesize"),
+                                rec.get("a5_pickle_filename"),
+                                rec.get("sidecar_filename"),
+                                serial,
+                                ts,
+                            ),
+                        )
+
+        log.debug("insert_events serial=%s inserted=%d skipped=%d",
+                  serial, inserted, skipped)
+        return inserted, skipped
+
+    def get_event(self, event_id: str) -> Optional[dict]:
+        """Return one event row by id, or None."""
+        with self._connect() as conn:
+            row = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM events WHERE id = ?", (event_id,),
+            ).fetchone()
+        return dict(row) if row else None
+
+    def query_events(
+        self,
+        serial: Optional[str] = None,
+        from_dt: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None,
+        to_dt: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None,
+        false_trigger: Optional[bool] = None,
+        limit: int = 500,
+        offset: int = 0,
+    ) -> list[dict]:
+        """Query events with optional filters. Returns newest first."""
+        clauses: list[str] = []
+        params:  list      = []
+
+        if serial:
+            clauses.append("serial = ?")
+            params.append(serial)
+        if from_dt:
+            clauses.append("timestamp >= ?")
+            params.append(from_dt.isoformat())
+        if to_dt:
+            clauses.append("timestamp <= ?")
+            params.append(to_dt.isoformat())
+        if false_trigger is not None:
+            clauses.append("false_trigger = ?")
+            params.append(1 if false_trigger else 0)
+
+        where = ("WHERE " + " AND ".join(clauses)) if clauses else ""
+        params += [limit, offset]
+
+        with self._connect() as conn:
+            rows = conn.execute(
+                f"SELECT * FROM events {where} "
+                f"ORDER BY timestamp DESC LIMIT ? OFFSET ?",
+                params,
+            ).fetchall()
+        return [dict(r) for r in rows]
+
+    def set_false_trigger(self, event_id: str, value: bool) -> bool:
+        """Set or clear the false_trigger flag on an event. Returns True if found."""
+        with self._connect() as conn:
+            cur = conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE events SET false_trigger=? WHERE id=?",
+                (1 if value else 0, event_id),
+            )
+        return cur.rowcount > 0
+
+    def update_event_review(self, event_id: str, review: dict) -> bool:
+        """
+        Sync derived index columns from a sidecar's `review` block.
+
+        Currently the only derived index is `events.false_trigger` — kept
+        in sync so `/db/events?false_trigger=true` queries don't have to
+        scan every sidecar JSON on disk.  The sidecar JSON itself remains
+        the source of truth for the full review state.
+
+        Returns True when the row exists, False otherwise.  No-op fields
+        (review without `false_trigger`) leave the column untouched.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(review, dict):
+            return False
+        if "false_trigger" not in review:
+            # Nothing derived to update; just confirm the row exists.
+            with self._connect() as conn:
+                row = conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT 1 FROM events WHERE id=?", (event_id,),
+                ).fetchone()
+            return row is not None
+
+        flag = 1 if review.get("false_trigger") else 0
+        with self._connect() as conn:
+            cur = conn.execute(
+                "UPDATE events SET false_trigger=? WHERE id=?",
+                (flag, event_id),
+            )
+        return cur.rowcount > 0
+
+    # ── Monitor log ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def insert_monitor_log(
+        self,
+        entries: list[MonitorLogEntry],
+        *,
+        session_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> tuple[int, int]:
+        """
+        Insert monitor log entries. Silently skips duplicates (serial+start_time).
+        Returns (inserted, skipped).
+        """
+        inserted = skipped = 0
+        with self._connect() as conn:
+            for e in entries:
+                try:
+                    conn.execute(
+                        """
+                        INSERT INTO monitor_log
+                            (id, serial, waveform_key, session_id,
+                             start_time, stop_time, duration_seconds,
+                             geo_threshold_ips)
+                        VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
+                        """,
+                        (
+                            self._new_id(),
+                            e.serial or "",
+                            e.key,
+                            session_id,
+                            self._iso(e.start_time),
+                            self._iso(e.stop_time),
+                            e.duration_seconds,
+                            e.geo_threshold_ips,
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    inserted += 1
+                except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+                    skipped += 1
+
+        log.debug("insert_monitor_log inserted=%d skipped=%d", inserted, skipped)
+        return inserted, skipped
+
+    def query_monitor_log(
+        self,
+        serial: Optional[str] = None,
+        from_dt: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None,
+        to_dt: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None,
+        limit: int = 500,
+        offset: int = 0,
+    ) -> list[dict]:
+        """Query monitor log entries with optional filters. Returns newest first."""
+        clauses: list[str] = []
+        params:  list      = []
+
+        if serial:
+            clauses.append("serial = ?")
+            params.append(serial)
+        if from_dt:
+            clauses.append("start_time >= ?")
+            params.append(from_dt.isoformat())
+        if to_dt:
+            clauses.append("start_time <= ?")
+            params.append(to_dt.isoformat())
+
+        where = ("WHERE " + " AND ".join(clauses)) if clauses else ""
+        params += [limit, offset]
+
+        with self._connect() as conn:
+            rows = conn.execute(
+                f"SELECT * FROM monitor_log {where} "
+                f"ORDER BY start_time DESC LIMIT ? OFFSET ?",
+                params,
+            ).fetchall()
+        return [dict(r) for r in rows]
+
+    # ── Fleet overview ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def query_units(self) -> list[dict]:
+        """
+        Return one row per known serial with summary stats:
+        last_seen, total_events, total_monitor_entries.
+        """
+        with self._connect() as conn:
+            rows = conn.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT
+                    s.serial,
+                    MAX(s.session_time)  AS last_seen,
+                    SUM(s.events_downloaded)  AS total_events,
+                    SUM(s.monitor_entries)    AS total_monitor_entries,
+                    COUNT(*)                  AS total_sessions
+                FROM ach_sessions s
+                GROUP BY s.serial
+                ORDER BY last_seen DESC
+                """
+            ).fetchall()
+        return [dict(r) for r in rows]

sfm/dump_0c.py

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+"""
+sfm.dump_0c — inspect the raw 210-byte SUB 0C waveform record stored in a
+sidecar JSON's `extensions.raw_records.waveform_record_b64`.
+
+Usage:
+
+    python -m sfm.dump_0c <sidecar.sfm.json> [<sidecar.sfm.json> ...]
+
+Prints, for each input:
+  - A header summarising the sidecar's metadata-block claims (peaks,
+    project, timestamp) — the "what BW says this event measured" view.
+  - A 16-byte-wide hex dump of the raw 0C record, annotated with known
+    field anchors (STRT, channel labels, project strings).
+  - A "candidate float regions" scan that brute-forces every byte
+    position as a float32 BE and prints any that yield a value in a
+    plausible range (1e-7 to 1e3) — useful for hunting where Peak
+    Acceleration / Peak Displacement / ZC Freq / Time of Peak live.
+
+Pairing the printed candidates with the BW Event Report values lets
+us nail down byte offsets for the missing fields without a live
+device.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import base64
+import json
+import struct
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+# ── Annotations for known anchors in a 210-byte 0C record ──────────────────
+
+# Anchors we look for and label inline in the hex dump.  Each is a needle
+# (bytes to find) and a short label.  Found via .find() — the first
+# occurrence wins.
+_ANCHORS = [
+    (b"Tran",            "Tran label  (PPV @ +6, PVS @ -12)"),
+    (b"Vert",            "Vert label  (PPV @ +6)"),
+    (b"Long",            "Long label  (PPV @ +6)"),
+    (b"MicL",            "MicL label  (peak psi @ +6)"),
+    (b"Project:",        "Project: label"),
+    (b"Client:",         "Client: label"),
+    (b"User Name:",      "User Name: label"),
+    (b"Seis Loc:",       "Seis Loc: label"),
+    (b"Extended Notes",  "Extended Notes label"),
+]
+
+
+def _hex_dump(data: bytes, anchors: dict[int, str]) -> str:
+    """Return a 16-byte-wide hex+ASCII dump, with anchor labels printed
+    on the line that contains the anchor's start byte."""
+    lines = []
+    for off in range(0, len(data), 16):
+        chunk = data[off : off + 16]
+        hex_part   = " ".join(f"{b:02x}" for b in chunk)
+        ascii_part = "".join(chr(b) if 32 <= b < 127 else "." for b in chunk)
+        line = f"  {off:04x}  {hex_part:<47}  |{ascii_part}|"
+
+        # If any anchor lands on a byte in this row, append a tag
+        tags = [
+            f"[{a:#04x}: {label}]"
+            for a, label in anchors.items()
+            if off <= a < off + 16
+        ]
+        if tags:
+            line += "  " + "  ".join(tags)
+        lines.append(line)
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def _scan_float32_be(data: bytes, lo: float, hi: float) -> list[tuple[int, float]]:
+    """Brute-force every offset where data[off:off+4] is a float32 BE in
+    (lo, hi).  Includes negatives in the symmetric range."""
+    hits = []
+    for i in range(len(data) - 3):
+        try:
+            v = struct.unpack_from(">f", data, i)[0]
+        except struct.error:
+            continue
+        if v != v:                     # NaN
+            continue
+        if abs(v) < 1e-30 or abs(v) > 1e10:   # crap range
+            continue
+        a = abs(v)
+        if lo <= a <= hi:
+            hits.append((i, v))
+    return hits
+
+
+def _scan_uint16_be(data: bytes, lo: int, hi: int) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+    """Find every offset where uint16 BE is in [lo, hi]."""
+    hits = []
+    for i in range(len(data) - 1):
+        v = (data[i] << 8) | data[i + 1]
+        if lo <= v <= hi:
+            hits.append((i, v))
+    return hits
+
+
+def _summarize_sidecar(side: dict) -> str:
+    ev   = side.get("event", {})
+    pv   = side.get("peak_values", {})
+    pi   = side.get("project_info", {})
+    bw   = side.get("blastware", {})
+    return (
+        f"  serial:     {ev.get('serial')}\n"
+        f"  timestamp:  {ev.get('timestamp')}\n"
+        f"  waveform:   {ev.get('waveform_key')}  ({ev.get('record_type')})\n"
+        f"  sample_rate:{ev.get('sample_rate')} sps  rectime:{ev.get('rectime_seconds')}s\n"
+        f"  bw file:    {bw.get('filename')}  ({bw.get('filesize')} B)\n"
+        f"  peaks:      "
+        f"Tran={pv.get('transverse'):.5f}  "
+        f"Vert={pv.get('vertical'):.5f}  "
+        f"Long={pv.get('longitudinal'):.5f}  "
+        f"PVS={pv.get('vector_sum'):.5f} in/s  "
+        f"Mic={pv.get('mic_psi'):.6e} psi"
+        if all(pv.get(k) is not None for k in
+               ("transverse", "vertical", "longitudinal", "vector_sum", "mic_psi"))
+        else f"  peaks:      {pv}\n  project:    {pi}"
+    ) + (
+        f"\n  project:    {pi.get('project')!r}  / {pi.get('client')!r}  / "
+        f"operator={pi.get('operator')!r}  loc={pi.get('sensor_location')!r}"
+    )
+
+
+def dump_one(path: Path) -> int:
+    side = json.loads(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+
+    raw_b64 = (
+        side.get("extensions", {})
+            .get("raw_records", {})
+            .get("waveform_record_b64")
+    )
+    if not raw_b64:
+        print(f"\n=== {path} ===")
+        print("  ! no extensions.raw_records.waveform_record_b64 — sidecar")
+        print("    pre-dates raw-0C persistence (added in v0.15.x).  Re-save")
+        print("    the event from the device to capture the bytes.")
+        return 1
+
+    raw = base64.b64decode(raw_b64)
+
+    # Build anchor map
+    anchors: dict[int, str] = {}
+    for needle, label in _ANCHORS:
+        i = raw.find(needle)
+        if i >= 0:
+            anchors[i] = label
+
+    print(f"\n=== {path} ===")
+    print("metadata claimed by sidecar:")
+    print(_summarize_sidecar(side))
+
+    print(f"\nraw 0C record  ({len(raw)} bytes):")
+    print(_hex_dump(raw, anchors))
+
+    # Float32 BE candidates in geo-relevant ranges
+    geo_hits = _scan_float32_be(raw, 1e-5, 50.0)
+    # Filter: only show hits that are NOT trivially the per-channel labels'
+    # +6 PPV floats already documented (those will land in any sweep too).
+    print("\nfloat32 BE candidates (1e-5 .. 50.0):")
+    for off, v in geo_hits:
+        annotation = ""
+        for needle, _ in _ANCHORS[:4]:   # geo + mic labels
+            i = raw.find(needle)
+            if i >= 0 and off == i + 6:
+                annotation = f"  ← {needle.decode()} PPV (label+6)"
+                break
+        print(f"    {off:#04x}  ({off:3d})  {v:>+15.6f}{annotation}")
+
+    print("\nuint16 BE candidates ZC-Freq-ish (1..200):")
+    for off, v in _scan_uint16_be(raw, 1, 200):
+        if v < 5:    # too noisy at very low end
+            continue
+        print(f"    {off:#04x}  ({off:3d})  = {v}")
+
+    print("\nuint16 BE candidates Time-of-Peak-ish if stored as ms (1..30000):")
+    for off, v in _scan_uint16_be(raw, 1, 30000):
+        if v < 100:  # noise filter
+            continue
+        # Only the first ~80 are worth showing — too many hits otherwise
+        if off > 80:
+            break
+        print(f"    {off:#04x}  ({off:3d})  = {v} ms ?")
+
+    print()
+    return 0
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Inspect a saved 0C waveform record from a sidecar JSON.",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "sidecars",
+        nargs="+",
+        type=Path,
+        help="Path(s) to <event>.sfm.json sidecar file(s).",
+    )
+    args = p.parse_args(argv)
+
+    rc = 0
+    for path in args.sidecars:
+        try:
+            rc |= dump_one(path)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            print(f"\n=== {path} ===\n  ERROR: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
+            rc |= 2
+    return rc
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())

sfm/event_hdf5.py

@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+"""
+sfm/event_hdf5.py — HDF5 codec for the canonical "clean waveform" file.
+
+Layout written to `<filename>.h5`:
+
+  /
+  ├─ samples/
+  │   ├─ Tran  (float32, in/s)         shape: (N,)
+  │   ├─ Vert  (float32, in/s)         shape: (N,)
+  │   ├─ Long  (float32, in/s)         shape: (N,)
+  │   └─ MicL  (float32, psi)          shape: (N,)
+  ├─ samples_int16/ (optional)
+  │   ├─ Tran  (int16, raw ADC counts) shape: (N,)
+  │   └─ ... per channel (only when present in the source)
+  └─ root attrs (event metadata):
+       schema_version       int    = 1
+       kind                 str    = "sfm.event.hdf5"
+       serial               str
+       waveform_key         str    (8-hex)
+       timestamp            str    (ISO-8601)
+       record_type          str
+       sample_rate          int    (sps)
+       pretrig_samples      int
+       total_samples        int
+       rectime_seconds      float
+       geo_range            str    "normal" | "sensitive"
+       geo_full_scale_ips   float  (10.0 or 1.250)
+       project              str
+       client               str
+       operator             str
+       sensor_location      str
+       peak_tran_ips        float  (from 0C; authoritative)
+       peak_vert_ips        float
+       peak_long_ips        float
+       peak_pvs_ips         float
+       peak_mic_psi         float
+       tool_version         str
+       captured_at          str    (ISO-8601 UTC)
+       source_kind          str    "sfm-live" | "sfm-ach" | "bw-import"
+
+Why HDF5 and not just JSON for the canonical clean format:
+  - Native float32 arrays (no base64 dance, no per-value JSON parsing).
+  - Per-dataset gzip compression — sample arrays compress 3-5×.
+  - Cross-language: h5py (Python), HDF5.jl (Julia), io.netcdf (R), etc.
+    Analysis pipelines don't have to know anything about Blastware.
+  - Self-describing via attributes; future fields don't break readers.
+
+The plot-ready `sfm.plot.v1` JSON returned by the REST endpoints is
+derived from this HDF5 (or computed on-the-fly when no .h5 exists yet).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+import h5py
+import numpy as np
+
+from minimateplus.event_file_io import TOOL_VERSION as _DEFAULT_TOOL_VERSION
+from minimateplus.models import Event
+
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+SCHEMA_VERSION = 1
+HDF5_KIND = "sfm.event.hdf5"
+
+# Geophone full-scale velocity per range (in/s).  Confirmed in CLAUDE.md
+# from 4-20-26 captures: Normal=0x00 → 10 in/s, Sensitive=0x01 → 1.25 in/s.
+_GEO_FS_BY_RANGE = {
+    "normal":    10.000,
+    "sensitive": 1.2500,
+    0:           10.000,
+    1:           1.2500,
+}
+_INT16_FS = 32768.0
+
+# Default mic conversion: ADC count → psi.  Approximate; exact factor
+# depends on firmware reference voltage and mic sensitivity, neither of
+# which is independently confirmed.  We try to refine it from the device-
+# reported peak when available (peak_mic_psi / max_abs_int16).
+_MIC_DEFAULT_FS_PSI = 0.0125    # ≈ 0.5 psi at full scale (rough)
+
+
+def _resolve_geo_full_scale(geo_range) -> float:
+    """Map a geo_range value (string or int from compliance config) to the
+    full-scale velocity in in/s.  Defaults to Normal range (10.0) when the
+    value is unknown — same default as Blastware itself."""
+    if geo_range is None:
+        return _GEO_FS_BY_RANGE["normal"]
+    if isinstance(geo_range, str):
+        return _GEO_FS_BY_RANGE.get(geo_range.lower(), _GEO_FS_BY_RANGE["normal"])
+    return _GEO_FS_BY_RANGE.get(int(geo_range), _GEO_FS_BY_RANGE["normal"])
+
+
+def _normalise_range(geo_range) -> str:
+    """Return 'normal' or 'sensitive' (string) regardless of input form."""
+    if isinstance(geo_range, str):
+        v = geo_range.lower()
+        if v in ("normal", "sensitive"):
+            return v
+        return "normal"
+    if geo_range == 1:
+        return "sensitive"
+    return "normal"
+
+
+def _ts_iso(ts) -> str:
+    if ts is None:
+        return ""
+    try:
+        return datetime.datetime(
+            ts.year, ts.month, ts.day,
+            ts.hour or 0, ts.minute or 0, ts.second or 0,
+        ).isoformat()
+    except Exception:
+        return str(ts)
+
+
+def _samples_to_float(
+    samples_int16: list[int],
+    full_scale: float,
+) -> np.ndarray:
+    """Convert int16 ADC counts → float32 physical units.
+
+    Uses _INT16_FS=32768 (not 32767) so that a count of -32768 maps to
+    exactly -full_scale and +32767 maps to ~+full_scale * 32767/32768.
+    Matches the device firmware's documented mapping (see CLAUDE.md
+    geo_hardware_constant rationale).
+    """
+    if not samples_int16:
+        return np.array([], dtype=np.float32)
+    arr = np.asarray(samples_int16, dtype=np.int32)  # int32 to avoid overflow during scale
+    return (arr.astype(np.float32) * (full_scale / _INT16_FS)).astype(np.float32)
+
+
+def _mic_scale_factor(
+    samples_int16: list[int],
+    peak_mic_psi: Optional[float],
+) -> float:
+    """Resolve the per-count psi factor for the microphone channel.
+
+    When the device reports a peak mic value via the 0C record, we
+    back-solve the per-count factor from `peak_psi / max(|samples|)` so
+    the plotted waveform peaks land exactly at the device-reported value.
+    Otherwise fall back to the rough _MIC_DEFAULT_FS_PSI estimate.
+    """
+    if peak_mic_psi is not None and peak_mic_psi > 0 and samples_int16:
+        max_count = max(abs(int(v)) for v in samples_int16) or 1
+        return float(peak_mic_psi) / float(max_count)
+    return _MIC_DEFAULT_FS_PSI / _INT16_FS
+
+
+def write_event_hdf5(
+    path: Union[str, Path],
+    event: Event,
+    *,
+    serial: str,
+    geo_range = "normal",
+    source_kind: str = "sfm-live",
+    tool_version: Optional[str] = None,
+    captured_at: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None,
+    include_int16: bool = True,
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Persist a decoded Event as an HDF5 file with samples in physical units.
+
+    Returns a small summary dict suitable for logging:
+      {"path": Path, "n_samples": int, "geo_full_scale_ips": float}
+    """
+    path = Path(path)
+    raw = event.raw_samples or {}
+    pv  = event.peak_values
+    pi  = event.project_info
+
+    geo_fs = _resolve_geo_full_scale(geo_range)
+    geo_range_str = _normalise_range(geo_range)
+    captured_at = captured_at or datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+    tool_version = tool_version or _DEFAULT_TOOL_VERSION
+
+    # Per-channel float32 arrays in physical units.
+    geo_arrays = {}
+    for ch in ("Tran", "Vert", "Long"):
+        geo_arrays[ch] = _samples_to_float(raw.get(ch, []), geo_fs)
+
+    # Mic channel — the per-count factor is resolved from the device-reported
+    # peak when available so the plot peaks the BW value exactly.
+    mic_int16 = raw.get("MicL", [])
+    mic_factor = _mic_scale_factor(
+        mic_int16,
+        getattr(pv, "micl", None) if pv else None,
+    )
+    if mic_int16:
+        mic_arr = (np.asarray(mic_int16, dtype=np.int32).astype(np.float32) * mic_factor).astype(np.float32)
+    else:
+        mic_arr = np.array([], dtype=np.float32)
+
+    n_samples = max(
+        (len(geo_arrays[ch]) for ch in geo_arrays),
+        default=0,
+    )
+
+    # Atomic write: temp file + os.replace.
+    tmp = path.with_suffix(path.suffix + ".tmp")
+    with h5py.File(tmp, "w") as f:
+        # Root attrs — event-level metadata.
+        attrs = f.attrs
+        attrs["schema_version"]  = SCHEMA_VERSION
+        attrs["kind"]            = HDF5_KIND
+        attrs["serial"]          = serial or ""
+        attrs["waveform_key"]    = event._waveform_key.hex() if event._waveform_key else ""
+        attrs["timestamp"]       = _ts_iso(event.timestamp)
+        attrs["record_type"]     = event.record_type or ""
+        attrs["sample_rate"]     = int(event.sample_rate or 0)
+        attrs["pretrig_samples"] = int(event.pretrig_samples or 0)
+        attrs["total_samples"]   = int(event.total_samples or n_samples)
+        attrs["rectime_seconds"] = float(event.rectime_seconds or 0.0)
+        attrs["geo_range"]       = geo_range_str
+        attrs["geo_full_scale_ips"] = float(geo_fs)
+        attrs["project"]         = (pi.project         if pi else "") or ""
+        attrs["client"]          = (pi.client          if pi else "") or ""
+        attrs["operator"]        = (pi.operator        if pi else "") or ""
+        attrs["sensor_location"] = (pi.sensor_location if pi else "") or ""
+        attrs["peak_tran_ips"]   = float(pv.tran            if pv and pv.tran            is not None else 0.0)
+        attrs["peak_vert_ips"]   = float(pv.vert            if pv and pv.vert            is not None else 0.0)
+        attrs["peak_long_ips"]   = float(pv.long            if pv and pv.long            is not None else 0.0)
+        attrs["peak_pvs_ips"]    = float(pv.peak_vector_sum if pv and pv.peak_vector_sum is not None else 0.0)
+        attrs["peak_mic_psi"]    = float(pv.micl            if pv and pv.micl            is not None else 0.0)
+        attrs["tool_version"]    = tool_version or ""
+        attrs["captured_at"]     = captured_at.isoformat() + "Z" if captured_at.tzinfo is None else captured_at.isoformat()
+        attrs["source_kind"]     = source_kind
+
+        # /samples — physical-units float32 (the primary data).
+        sgrp = f.create_group("samples")
+        for ch, arr in geo_arrays.items():
+            sgrp.create_dataset(
+                ch, data=arr, dtype="float32",
+                compression="gzip", compression_opts=4, shuffle=True,
+            )
+        sgrp.create_dataset(
+            "MicL", data=mic_arr, dtype="float32",
+            compression="gzip", compression_opts=4, shuffle=True,
+        )
+
+        # /samples_int16 — optional raw ADC counts (preserved for analysis
+        # tools that want pre-conversion data).  Cheap to include.
+        if include_int16:
+            igrp = f.create_group("samples_int16")
+            for ch in ("Tran", "Vert", "Long", "MicL"):
+                vals = raw.get(ch, [])
+                if vals:
+                    igrp.create_dataset(
+                        ch, data=np.asarray(vals, dtype=np.int16),
+                        compression="gzip", compression_opts=4, shuffle=True,
+                    )
+            igrp.attrs["mic_psi_per_count"] = float(mic_factor)
+
+    import os
+    os.replace(tmp, path)
+
+    log.info(
+        "write_event_hdf5: %s n_samples=%d geo_fs=%.3f filesize=%d",
+        path, n_samples, geo_fs, path.stat().st_size,
+    )
+    return {
+        "path": path,
+        "n_samples": n_samples,
+        "geo_full_scale_ips": geo_fs,
+    }
+
+
+def read_event_hdf5(path: Union[str, Path]) -> dict:
+    """
+    Load an event HDF5 into a plain dict (no Event reconstruction —
+    callers that want an Event can use the data directly).
+
+    Returns:
+        {
+          "schema_version": int,
+          "kind": str,
+          "attrs": dict[str, …],          # all root attributes
+          "samples": {                     # float32 lists in physical units
+            "Tran": ndarray, "Vert": ndarray, "Long": ndarray, "MicL": ndarray,
+          },
+          "samples_int16": {…} or None,
+          "mic_psi_per_count": float | None,
+        }
+
+    Raises FileNotFoundError if missing, ValueError on bad shape /
+    unsupported schema_version.
+    """
+    path = Path(path)
+    with h5py.File(path, "r") as f:
+        attrs = {k: _h5_attr_value(v) for k, v in f.attrs.items()}
+        sv = attrs.get("schema_version", 0)
+        if not isinstance(sv, int) or sv < 1 or sv > SCHEMA_VERSION:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"{path}: unsupported HDF5 schema_version={sv} "
+                f"(this build supports 1..{SCHEMA_VERSION})"
+            )
+        if attrs.get("kind") != HDF5_KIND:
+            raise ValueError(f"{path}: kind != {HDF5_KIND!r} (got {attrs.get('kind')!r})")
+
+        samples = {}
+        for ch in ("Tran", "Vert", "Long", "MicL"):
+            ds = f.get(f"samples/{ch}")
+            samples[ch] = np.asarray(ds[()]) if ds is not None else np.array([], dtype=np.float32)
+
+        samples_int16 = None
+        mic_psi = None
+        igrp = f.get("samples_int16")
+        if igrp is not None:
+            samples_int16 = {}
+            for ch in ("Tran", "Vert", "Long", "MicL"):
+                ds = igrp.get(ch)
+                if ds is not None:
+                    samples_int16[ch] = np.asarray(ds[()])
+            mic_attr = igrp.attrs.get("mic_psi_per_count")
+            if mic_attr is not None:
+                mic_psi = float(mic_attr)
+
+    return {
+        "schema_version":     sv,
+        "kind":               attrs.get("kind"),
+        "attrs":              attrs,
+        "samples":            samples,
+        "samples_int16":      samples_int16,
+        "mic_psi_per_count":  mic_psi,
+    }
+
+
+def _h5_attr_value(v):
+    """Convert an h5py attribute value to a plain Python type."""
+    if isinstance(v, bytes):
+        return v.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+    if isinstance(v, np.generic):
+        return v.item()
+    return v
+
+
+# ── Plot-ready JSON ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def event_to_plot_json(
+    event: Event,
+    *,
+    serial: str,
+    geo_range = "normal",
+    event_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    index: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Build a `sfm.plot.v1` JSON dict directly from an Event (skipping HDF5).
+
+    Used by:
+      - `/device/event/{idx}/waveform`  (live device path)
+      - The CLI / tests for in-memory conversion sanity-checks.
+
+    Stored events go through `plot_json_from_hdf5()` so the wire format
+    is identical regardless of whether the data came from the live device
+    or the on-disk HDF5.
+    """
+    raw = event.raw_samples or {}
+    pv  = event.peak_values
+    geo_fs = _resolve_geo_full_scale(geo_range)
+    geo_range_str = _normalise_range(geo_range)
+    sr = int(event.sample_rate or 0) or 1024
+    pretrig = int(event.pretrig_samples or 0)
+
+    geo_arrays = {ch: _samples_to_float(raw.get(ch, []), geo_fs).tolist()
+                  for ch in ("Tran", "Vert", "Long")}
+    mic_int16 = raw.get("MicL", [])
+    mic_factor = _mic_scale_factor(
+        mic_int16,
+        getattr(pv, "micl", None) if pv else None,
+    )
+    mic_arr = [float(v) * mic_factor for v in mic_int16] if mic_int16 else []
+
+    n = max(
+        (len(geo_arrays[ch]) for ch in geo_arrays),
+        default=len(mic_arr),
+    )
+    return _build_plot_dict(
+        n_samples=n,
+        sample_rate=sr,
+        pretrig_samples=pretrig,
+        total_samples=int(event.total_samples or n),
+        rectime_seconds=float(event.rectime_seconds or 0.0),
+        timestamp_iso=_ts_iso(event.timestamp),
+        serial=serial,
+        record_type=event.record_type,
+        waveform_key=event._waveform_key.hex() if event._waveform_key else None,
+        geo_range=geo_range_str,
+        geo_fs=geo_fs,
+        channels_floats={
+            "Tran": geo_arrays["Tran"],
+            "Vert": geo_arrays["Vert"],
+            "Long": geo_arrays["Long"],
+            "MicL": mic_arr,
+        },
+        peaks_dict={
+            "tran": getattr(pv, "tran",            None) if pv else None,
+            "vert": getattr(pv, "vert",            None) if pv else None,
+            "long": getattr(pv, "long",            None) if pv else None,
+            "pvs":  getattr(pv, "peak_vector_sum", None) if pv else None,
+            "mic":  getattr(pv, "micl",            None) if pv else None,
+        },
+        event_id=event_id,
+        index=index if index is not None else event.index,
+    )
+
+
+def plot_json_from_hdf5(
+    path: Union[str, Path],
+    *,
+    event_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    index: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Build a `sfm.plot.v1` JSON dict from a stored .h5 file."""
+    data = read_event_hdf5(path)
+    a = data["attrs"]
+    s = data["samples"]
+    return _build_plot_dict(
+        n_samples=len(s["Tran"]) if "Tran" in s else 0,
+        sample_rate=int(a.get("sample_rate", 1024) or 1024),
+        pretrig_samples=int(a.get("pretrig_samples", 0) or 0),
+        total_samples=int(a.get("total_samples", 0) or 0),
+        rectime_seconds=float(a.get("rectime_seconds", 0.0) or 0.0),
+        timestamp_iso=a.get("timestamp", ""),
+        serial=a.get("serial", ""),
+        record_type=a.get("record_type", ""),
+        waveform_key=a.get("waveform_key", "") or None,
+        geo_range=a.get("geo_range", "normal"),
+        geo_fs=float(a.get("geo_full_scale_ips", 10.0) or 10.0),
+        channels_floats={
+            "Tran": s.get("Tran", np.array([])).tolist(),
+            "Vert": s.get("Vert", np.array([])).tolist(),
+            "Long": s.get("Long", np.array([])).tolist(),
+            "MicL": s.get("MicL", np.array([])).tolist(),
+        },
+        peaks_dict={
+            "tran": float(a.get("peak_tran_ips", 0.0) or 0.0) or None,
+            "vert": float(a.get("peak_vert_ips", 0.0) or 0.0) or None,
+            "long": float(a.get("peak_long_ips", 0.0) or 0.0) or None,
+            "pvs":  float(a.get("peak_pvs_ips",  0.0) or 0.0) or None,
+            "mic":  float(a.get("peak_mic_psi",  0.0) or 0.0) or None,
+        },
+        event_id=event_id,
+        index=index,
+    )
+
+
+def _build_plot_dict(
+    *,
+    n_samples: int,
+    sample_rate: int,
+    pretrig_samples: int,
+    total_samples: int,
+    rectime_seconds: float,
+    timestamp_iso: str,
+    serial: str,
+    record_type: Optional[str],
+    waveform_key: Optional[str],
+    geo_range: str,
+    geo_fs: float,
+    channels_floats: dict[str, list[float]],
+    peaks_dict: dict[str, Optional[float]],
+    event_id: Optional[str],
+    index: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> dict:
+    dt_ms = (1000.0 / sample_rate) if sample_rate > 0 else 0.0
+    t0_ms = -pretrig_samples * dt_ms
+
+    def _ch(unit: str, values: list[float], peak: Optional[float]) -> dict:
+        # Locate the peak's time within the values array (max abs).
+        if values:
+            mags = [abs(v) for v in values]
+            i = mags.index(max(mags))
+            peak_t_ms = round(t0_ms + i * dt_ms, 4)
+            peak_value = peak if peak is not None else values[i]
+        else:
+            peak_t_ms = None
+            peak_value = peak
+        return {
+            "unit":       unit,
+            "values":     values,
+            "peak":       peak_value,
+            "peak_t_ms":  peak_t_ms,
+        }
+
+    return {
+        "schema":      "sfm.plot.v1",
+        "event_id":    event_id,
+        "index":       index,
+        "serial":      serial,
+        "timestamp":   timestamp_iso,
+        "record_type": record_type,
+        "waveform_key": waveform_key,
+
+        "time_axis": {
+            "sample_rate":     sample_rate,
+            "pretrig_samples": pretrig_samples,
+            "total_samples":   total_samples or n_samples,
+            "n_samples":       n_samples,
+            "t0_ms":           round(t0_ms, 4),
+            "dt_ms":           round(dt_ms, 6),
+            "rectime_seconds": rectime_seconds,
+        },
+
+        "geo_range":          geo_range,
+        "geo_full_scale_ips": geo_fs,
+        "trigger_ms":         0.0,
+
+        "channels": {
+            "Tran": _ch("in/s", channels_floats.get("Tran", []), peaks_dict.get("tran")),
+            "Vert": _ch("in/s", channels_floats.get("Vert", []), peaks_dict.get("vert")),
+            "Long": _ch("in/s", channels_floats.get("Long", []), peaks_dict.get("long")),
+            "MicL": _ch("psi",  channels_floats.get("MicL", []), peaks_dict.get("mic")),
+        },
+
+        "peak_values": {
+            "transverse":   peaks_dict.get("tran"),
+            "vertical":     peaks_dict.get("vert"),
+            "longitudinal": peaks_dict.get("long"),
+            "vector_sum":   peaks_dict.get("pvs"),
+            "mic_psi":      peaks_dict.get("mic"),
+        },
+    }

sfm/import_bw.py

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+"""
+sfm/import_bw.py — CLI for ingesting Blastware-format event files.
+
+Walks a path (file or directory), parses each recognised event-file
+binary, copies it into the canonical waveform store, writes the
+.sfm.json sidecar, and upserts a row in seismo_relay.db.
+
+Use cases:
+  - Migrating a Blastware ACH inbox into SFM
+  - One-off imports of files emailed in by field crews
+  - Bulk-loading historical archives
+
+Usage:
+    python -m sfm.import_bw <path-or-dir> [--serial BE11529]
+                                          [--db-path bridges/captures/seismo_relay.db]
+                                          [--store-root bridges/captures/waveforms]
+                                          [--dry-run]
+                                          [-v]
+
+Examples:
+    python -m sfm.import_bw ~/Downloads/M529LKIQ.7M0W
+    python -m sfm.import_bw /path/to/blastware_archive --serial BE11529
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import logging
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Iterator
+
+# Allow running from the repo root without installation.
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent))
+
+from sfm.database import SeismoDb
+from sfm.waveform_store import WaveformStore
+
+log = logging.getLogger("sfm.import_bw")
+
+
+# Blastware event-file extensions: 4-char `AB0T` (T = W or H) for ACH
+# downloads, 3-char `AB0` for direct downloads.  We discover candidates
+# by length + last-char rather than enumerating every (A, B) pair.
+def _looks_like_bw_event(path: Path) -> bool:
+    """Heuristic: 3-char or 4-char extension, ends with W/H/0, and the
+    file is at least 70 bytes (header + STRT + footer minimum)."""
+    if not path.is_file():
+        return False
+    ext = path.suffix.lstrip(".")
+    if not (3 <= len(ext) <= 4):
+        return False
+    if not (ext[-1].upper() in {"W", "H"} or ext.endswith("0")):
+        return False
+    try:
+        return path.stat().st_size >= 70
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+
+def _walk(path: Path) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    """Yield candidate BW event-file paths under `path` (file or dir)."""
+    if path.is_file():
+        if _looks_like_bw_event(path):
+            yield path
+        return
+    if path.is_dir():
+        for p in sorted(path.rglob("*")):
+            if _looks_like_bw_event(p):
+                yield p
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Import Blastware-format event files into the SFM store + DB.",
+    )
+    p.add_argument("path", help="File or directory to import.")
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--serial", default=None, metavar="SERIAL",
+        help="Override the serial-number hint (e.g. BE11529).  Defaults to "
+             "the value decoded from each BW filename's prefix.",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--db-path",
+        default=str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "bridges" / "captures" / "seismo_relay.db"),
+        help="Path to seismo_relay.db (default: bridges/captures/seismo_relay.db).",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--store-root",
+        default=None,
+        help="Root of the waveform store (default: <db_dir>/waveforms).",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--dry-run", action="store_true",
+        help="Parse and report per-file outcomes; don't write anything.",
+    )
+    p.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", help="Debug logging.")
+    args = p.parse_args(argv)
+
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level=logging.DEBUG if args.verbose else logging.INFO,
+        format="%(asctime)s  %(levelname)-7s  %(name)s  %(message)s",
+        datefmt="%H:%M:%S",
+    )
+
+    src = Path(args.path).expanduser().resolve()
+    if not src.exists():
+        print(f"error: {src} does not exist", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+
+    db_path = Path(args.db_path).expanduser().resolve()
+    store_root = (
+        Path(args.store_root).expanduser().resolve()
+        if args.store_root else db_path.parent / "waveforms"
+    )
+
+    db    = None if args.dry_run else SeismoDb(db_path)
+    store = None if args.dry_run else WaveformStore(store_root)
+
+    candidates = list(_walk(src))
+    if not candidates:
+        print(f"No BW event-file candidates found under {src}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    print(f"Importing {len(candidates)} file(s) from {src}...")
+    if args.dry_run:
+        print("(dry-run — no writes will occur)")
+
+    ok = err = skipped = 0
+    for path in candidates:
+        try:
+            bw_bytes = path.read_bytes()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            print(f"  [ERR ] {path}: read failed: {exc}")
+            err += 1
+            continue
+
+        if args.dry_run:
+            # Just parse to verify integrity; don't touch DB or store.
+            from minimateplus import event_file_io
+            try:
+                ev = event_file_io.read_blastware_file(path)
+                ts = ev.timestamp and (
+                    f"{ev.timestamp.year}-{ev.timestamp.month:02d}-{ev.timestamp.day:02d} "
+                    f"{ev.timestamp.hour:02d}:{ev.timestamp.minute:02d}:{ev.timestamp.second:02d}"
+                ) or "?"
+                pv = ev.peak_values
+                pvs = pv.peak_vector_sum if pv and pv.peak_vector_sum is not None else 0.0
+                print(f"  [OK  ] {path.name}  ts={ts}  PVS={pvs:.4f}")
+                ok += 1
+            except Exception as exc:
+                print(f"  [ERR ] {path}: parse failed: {exc}")
+                err += 1
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            ev, rec = store.save_imported_bw(
+                bw_bytes, source_path=path, serial_hint=args.serial,
+            )
+            # Resolve serial for the DB row.  Prefer the hint, then the
+            # one decoded from the filename (already done by the store).
+            serial_used = args.serial or _infer_serial(path.name) or "UNKNOWN"
+            ins, sk = db.insert_events(
+                [ev], serial=serial_used,
+                waveform_records=(
+                    {ev._waveform_key.hex(): rec}
+                    if ev._waveform_key else None
+                ),
+            )
+            tag = "OK  " if ins else ("SKIP" if sk else "OK  ")
+            print(f"  [{tag}] {path.name}  → {rec['filename']}  "
+                  f"({rec['filesize']} B, sha256={rec['sha256'][:12]}…)  "
+                  f"serial={serial_used}  ins={ins} skip={sk}")
+            if ins:
+                ok += 1
+            else:
+                skipped += 1
+        except Exception as exc:
+            print(f"  [ERR ] {path}: import failed: {exc}")
+            log.debug("traceback", exc_info=True)
+            err += 1
+
+    print(f"\nDone.  ok={ok}  skipped={skipped}  errors={err}")
+    return 0 if err == 0 else 1
+
+
+def _infer_serial(filename: str):
+    """Reuse WaveformStore's filename → serial decoder for log output."""
+    from sfm.waveform_store import _serial_from_bw_filename
+    return _serial_from_bw_filename(filename)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())

sfm/live_cache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+"""
+sfm/live_cache.py — Thread-safe in-memory cache for live SFM device data.
+
+Extracted from sfm/server.py so the cache logic is importable and testable
+without pulling in fastapi/uvicorn.
+
+Caching strategy
+----------------
+Keyed by `conn_key` ("tcp:host:port" or "serial:port:baud").  Does NOT
+persist across server restarts.
+
+  device_info     cached until POST /device/config marks it dirty
+  events          cached by (conn_key, device_event_count); re-fetched when
+                  a quick count_events() probe shows new events on the device
+  monitor_status  30-second TTL (changes frequently during monitoring)
+  waveforms       permanent within a process — but auto-evicted at the device
+                  level when a (waveform_key, timestamp) mismatch is detected
+                  at the same index (post-erase key reuse — the device's
+                  event-key counter resets to 0x01110000 after every erase,
+                  so the same `(conn_key, index)` slot can refer to a
+                  brand-new physical event).
+
+All endpoints accept ?force=true to bypass the cache and re-read.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import threading
+import time
+from typing import Optional
+
+_MONITOR_STATUS_TTL = 30.0  # seconds
+
+
+class LiveCache:
+    """
+    Thread-safe in-memory cache for live SFM device data.
+    One singleton per server process.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+        self._device_info:     dict[str, dict]               = {}
+        self._events:          dict[str, tuple[int, list]]   = {}
+        self._monitor_status:  dict[str, tuple[float, dict]] = {}
+        self._config_dirty:    dict[str, bool]               = {}
+        self._waveforms:       dict[tuple, dict]             = {}
+
+    # ── Connection key ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_conn_key(
+        host: Optional[str],
+        tcp_port: int,
+        port: Optional[str],
+        baud: int,
+    ) -> str:
+        if host:
+            return f"tcp:{host}:{tcp_port}"
+        return f"serial:{port}:{baud}"
+
+    # ── Eviction signature ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _event_signature(ev: dict) -> tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]:
+        """Return (waveform_key_hex, timestamp_iso) from a serialised event."""
+        key = ev.get("waveform_key") or ev.get("_waveform_key")
+        if isinstance(key, (bytes, bytearray)):
+            key = bytes(key).hex()
+        ts = ev.get("timestamp")
+        if isinstance(ts, dict):
+            ts = ts.get("iso") or ts.get("string") or None
+        return (key if isinstance(key, str) else None,
+                ts  if isinstance(ts,  str) else None)
+
+    def _flush_device(self, conn_key: str) -> None:
+        """Drop all cached events + waveforms for one device.  Caller holds lock."""
+        self._events.pop(conn_key, None)
+        stale_wf_keys = [k for k in self._waveforms if k[0] == conn_key]
+        for k in stale_wf_keys:
+            self._waveforms.pop(k, None)
+
+    # ── Device info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def get_device_info(self, conn_key: str) -> Optional[dict]:
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._config_dirty.get(conn_key):
+                return None
+            return self._device_info.get(conn_key)
+
+    def set_device_info(self, conn_key: str, info: dict) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            self._device_info[conn_key] = info
+            self._config_dirty[conn_key] = False
+
+    # ── Events ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def get_events(self, conn_key: str, device_count: int) -> Optional[list]:
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._config_dirty.get(conn_key):
+                return None
+            entry = self._events.get(conn_key)
+            if entry is None:
+                return None
+            cached_count, events = entry
+            return events if cached_count == device_count else None
+
+    def set_events(self, conn_key: str, device_count: int, events: list) -> None:
+        """
+        Replace the cached events list for `conn_key`.  If any incoming event
+        has a different (waveform_key, timestamp) than the cached entry at
+        the same index, flush the entire conn_key's event + waveform cache
+        first.  Catches post-erase key reuse.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            cached_entry = self._events.get(conn_key)
+            cached_events = cached_entry[1] if cached_entry else []
+            cached_by_index = {e.get("index"): e for e in cached_events}
+
+            evict = False
+            for ev in events:
+                idx = ev.get("index")
+                if idx is None:
+                    continue
+                cached = cached_by_index.get(idx)
+                if cached is None:
+                    continue
+                new_key, new_ts = self._event_signature(ev)
+                old_key, old_ts = self._event_signature(cached)
+                if (new_key and old_key and new_key != old_key) or \
+                   (new_ts and old_ts and new_ts != old_ts):
+                    evict = True
+                    break
+
+            if evict:
+                self._flush_device(conn_key)
+
+            self._events[conn_key] = (device_count, events)
+
+    # ── Monitor status ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def get_monitor_status(self, conn_key: str) -> Optional[dict]:
+        with self._lock:
+            entry = self._monitor_status.get(conn_key)
+            if entry is None:
+                return None
+            fetched_at, status = entry
+            if time.time() - fetched_at > _MONITOR_STATUS_TTL:
+                return None
+            return status
+
+    def set_monitor_status(self, conn_key: str, status: dict) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            self._monitor_status[conn_key] = (time.time(), status)
+
+    def invalidate_monitor_status(self, conn_key: str) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            self._monitor_status.pop(conn_key, None)
+
+    # ── Config dirty flag ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def mark_config_dirty(self, conn_key: str) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            self._config_dirty[conn_key] = True
+            self._events.pop(conn_key, None)
+
+    # ── Waveforms (permanent cache, evicted on (key,ts) mismatch) ─────────────
+
+    def get_waveform(self, conn_key: str, index: int) -> Optional[dict]:
+        with self._lock:
+            return self._waveforms.get((conn_key, index))
+
+    def set_waveform(self, conn_key: str, index: int, waveform: dict) -> None:
+        """
+        Cache a waveform.  Evicts the device's whole cache when the existing
+        entry at the same index has a different (waveform_key, timestamp).
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            existing = self._waveforms.get((conn_key, index))
+            if existing is not None:
+                new_key, new_ts = self._event_signature(waveform)
+                old_key, old_ts = self._event_signature(existing)
+                differs = (
+                    (new_key and old_key and new_key != old_key)
+                    or (new_ts and old_ts and new_ts != old_ts)
+                )
+                if differs:
+                    self._flush_device(conn_key)
+            self._waveforms[(conn_key, index)] = waveform

sfm/waveform_store.py

@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+"""
+sfm/waveform_store.py — On-disk store for Blastware-format event files.
+
+Layout (flat per-serial, four files per event):
+
+    <root>/<serial>/<filename>            ← event file (BW-readable binary)
+    <root>/<serial>/<filename>.a5.pkl     ← pickled list of A5 S3Frame dicts
+    <root>/<serial>/<filename>.h5         ← clean waveform arrays (HDF5)
+    <root>/<serial>/<filename>.sfm.json   ← modern sidecar (peaks, project,
+                                            review state, extensions)
+
+`<filename>` is whatever `minimateplus.blastware_file.blastware_filename`
+produces for the event.  The extension is NOT a fixed type tag — it
+encodes the event timestamp (`AB0T` format).
+
+Roles:
+  - BW binary: what Blastware reads.  Untouched.  The user-facing review
+    waveform viewer.
+  - .a5.pkl: regenerative source.  Lets the BW binary be rebuilt
+    byte-for-byte if the encoder changes.  Never delete.
+  - .h5: clean per-channel waveform arrays in physical units (in/s for
+    geo, psi for mic) plus event metadata.  Canonical format for
+    downstream analysis tools and the `/device/event/{idx}/waveform`
+    endpoint's plot-JSON output.
+  - .sfm.json: small, queryable metadata + review state.  SQL
+    `events.false_trigger` is a derived index kept in sync via
+    `patch_sidecar()`.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import logging
+import pickle
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+from minimateplus import event_file_io
+from minimateplus.blastware_file import blastware_filename, write_blastware_file
+from minimateplus.framing import S3Frame
+from minimateplus.models import Event
+from sfm import event_hdf5
+
+log = logging.getLogger("sfm.waveform_store")
+
+A5_PICKLE_VERSION = 1
+
+
+def _frame_to_dict(f: S3Frame) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "sub": f.sub,
+        "page_hi": f.page_hi,
+        "page_lo": f.page_lo,
+        "data": bytes(f.data),
+        "chk_byte": f.chk_byte,
+        "checksum_valid": f.checksum_valid,
+    }
+
+
+def _dict_to_frame(d: dict) -> S3Frame:
+    return S3Frame(
+        sub=d["sub"],
+        page_hi=d["page_hi"],
+        page_lo=d["page_lo"],
+        data=bytes(d["data"]),
+        checksum_valid=d.get("checksum_valid", True),
+        chk_byte=d.get("chk_byte", 0),
+    )
+
+
+class WaveformStore:
+    """
+    Persistent store for Blastware-format waveform files + their A5 source frames.
+
+    Thread safety: write_blastware_file is single-shot; concurrent saves of the
+    *same* filename would race, but the filename encodes second-resolution
+    timestamps + serial, so collisions across threads/processes are vanishingly
+    unlikely in practice.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, root: str | Path) -> None:
+        self.root = Path(root)
+        self.root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        log.info("WaveformStore root=%s", self.root)
+
+    # ── path helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def _serial_dir(self, serial: str) -> Path:
+        d = self.root / serial
+        d.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        return d
+
+    def paths_for(self, serial: str, filename: str) -> tuple[Path, Path]:
+        """Return (blastware_path, a5_pickle_path) for a given serial+filename.
+
+        For the sidecar path use `sidecar_path_for()` — kept separate so
+        existing callers don't need to unpack a 3-tuple.
+        """
+        d = self._serial_dir(serial)
+        return d / filename, d / f"{filename}.a5.pkl"
+
+    def sidecar_path_for(self, serial: str, filename: str) -> Path:
+        """Return absolute path to the .sfm.json sidecar for a given event."""
+        return self._serial_dir(serial) / f"{filename}.sfm.json"
+
+    def hdf5_path_for(self, serial: str, filename: str) -> Path:
+        """Return absolute path to the .h5 clean-waveform file for a given event."""
+        return self._serial_dir(serial) / f"{filename}.h5"
+
+    def open_blastware(self, serial: str, filename: str) -> Optional[Path]:
+        """Return absolute path to an existing event file or None."""
+        bw_path, _ = self.paths_for(serial, filename)
+        return bw_path if bw_path.exists() else None
+
+    # ── save / load ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def save(
+        self,
+        ev: Event,
+        serial: str,
+        a5_frames: list[S3Frame],
+        *,
+        source_kind: str = "sfm-live",
+        geo_range = "normal",
+    ) -> dict:
+        """
+        Write all four event-file artifacts for one event:
+          - <filename>             BW binary
+          - <filename>.a5.pkl      raw A5 frame pickle
+          - <filename>.h5          clean waveform (HDF5)
+          - <filename>.sfm.json    modern sidecar (metadata + review)
+
+        Returns a record dict suitable for persisting alongside the DB row:
+
+            {
+              "filename":           "M529LKIQ.7M0W",
+              "filesize":           8708,
+              "sha256":             "a1b2c3...",
+              "a5_pickle_filename": "M529LKIQ.7M0W.a5.pkl",
+              "hdf5_filename":      "M529LKIQ.7M0W.h5",
+              "sidecar_filename":   "M529LKIQ.7M0W.sfm.json",
+            }
+
+        `source_kind` flows into `sidecar.source.kind` — callers should
+        pass "sfm-live" (default) for the live endpoint and "sfm-ach" for
+        the ACH ingestion path.  BW-imported events use save_imported_bw()
+        instead.
+
+        `geo_range` controls the ADC-counts → in/s scaling in the HDF5
+        file ("normal" = 10 in/s FS, "sensitive" = 1.25 in/s FS).
+        Defaults to "normal" — callers with compliance-config access
+        should pass the actual unit setting so the saved samples are in
+        the right units.
+
+        Idempotent: if the event file already exists, it is overwritten
+        with the freshly-encoded version (same bytes for the same
+        a5_frames) and the sidecar's review block is preserved across
+        re-saves.
+        """
+        if not a5_frames:
+            raise ValueError("WaveformStore.save: a5_frames is empty")
+        if not serial:
+            raise ValueError("WaveformStore.save: serial is required")
+
+        filename = blastware_filename(ev, serial)
+        bw_path, a5_path = self.paths_for(serial, filename)
+        sidecar_path = self.sidecar_path_for(serial, filename)
+        hdf5_path    = self.hdf5_path_for(serial, filename)
+
+        # 1. encode the event file (defensive unlink prevents trailing-byte
+        # leaks from a previous larger file on synced/odd filesystems).
+        try:
+            bw_path.unlink()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            pass
+        write_blastware_file(ev, a5_frames, bw_path)
+        filesize = bw_path.stat().st_size
+        sha256   = event_file_io.file_sha256(bw_path)
+
+        # 2. write the .a5.pkl sidecar
+        try:
+            a5_path.unlink()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            pass
+        payload = {
+            "version": A5_PICKLE_VERSION,
+            "frames": [_frame_to_dict(f) for f in a5_frames],
+        }
+        with a5_path.open("wb") as fp:
+            pickle.dump(payload, fp, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
+
+        # 3. write the .h5 clean-waveform file (samples in physical units).
+        # Best-effort: a write failure shouldn't sink the rest of the save
+        # (the HDF5 can be regenerated later from the .a5.pkl).
+        hdf5_filename: Optional[str] = None
+        try:
+            event_hdf5.write_event_hdf5(
+                hdf5_path, ev,
+                serial=serial,
+                geo_range=geo_range,
+                source_kind=source_kind,
+            )
+            hdf5_filename = hdf5_path.name
+        except Exception as exc:
+            log.warning(
+                "save: HDF5 write failed for %s: %s — continuing without .h5",
+                hdf5_path, exc,
+            )
+
+        # 4. write the .sfm.json sidecar.  Preserve any existing review
+        # block + extensions across re-saves so user edits aren't lost
+        # when the same event is re-downloaded (e.g. via Force refresh).
+        existing_review     = None
+        existing_extensions = None
+        if sidecar_path.exists():
+            try:
+                old = event_file_io.read_sidecar(sidecar_path)
+                existing_review     = old.get("review")
+                existing_extensions = old.get("extensions")
+            except Exception as exc:
+                log.warning(
+                    "save: existing sidecar at %s unreadable (%s); overwriting",
+                    sidecar_path, exc,
+                )
+
+        sidecar = event_file_io.event_to_sidecar_dict(
+            ev,
+            serial=serial,
+            blastware_filename=filename,
+            blastware_filesize=filesize,
+            blastware_sha256=sha256,
+            source_kind=source_kind,
+            a5_pickle_filename=a5_path.name,
+            review=existing_review,
+            extensions=existing_extensions,
+        )
+        event_file_io.write_sidecar(sidecar_path, sidecar)
+
+        log.info(
+            "WaveformStore.save serial=%s filename=%s filesize=%d frames=%d "
+            "h5=%s sidecar=%s",
+            serial, filename, filesize, len(a5_frames),
+            hdf5_filename or "(skipped)", sidecar_path.name,
+        )
+        return {
+            "filename":            filename,
+            "filesize":            filesize,
+            "sha256":              sha256,
+            "a5_pickle_filename":  a5_path.name,
+            "hdf5_filename":       hdf5_filename,
+            "sidecar_filename":    sidecar_path.name,
+        }
+
+    def save_imported_bw(
+        self,
+        bw_bytes: bytes,
+        source_path: Path,
+        *,
+        serial_hint: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> tuple[Event, dict]:
+        """
+        Ingest a Blastware event file produced by an external tool
+        (Blastware's own ACH, manual download, etc.) where the source A5
+        frames aren't available.
+
+        Workflow:
+          1. Parse the bytes via event_file_io.read_blastware_file (writes
+             a temp file to do that, since the parser takes a path).
+          2. Resolve serial from BW filename (`<P><serial3>...`) or use
+             serial_hint.  Falls back to "UNKNOWN".
+          3. Copy the BW bytes verbatim into <root>/<serial>/<filename>.
+          4. Write the .sfm.json sidecar with source.kind = "bw-import"
+             and a5_pickle_filename = None.  Does NOT write a .a5.pkl
+             (no A5 source available; byte-for-byte regeneration not
+             possible — the on-disk BW file IS the byte-for-byte source).
+
+        Returns (event, record_dict) so callers can both insert into
+        SeismoDb and surface the parsed Event.
+        """
+        # Stash the bytes to a temp path so read_blastware_file (path-based)
+        # can parse without us duplicating its logic.
+        import tempfile
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".bw", delete=False) as tmp:
+            tmp.write(bw_bytes)
+            tmp_path = Path(tmp.name)
+        try:
+            ev = event_file_io.read_blastware_file(tmp_path)
+        finally:
+            try:
+                tmp_path.unlink()
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                pass
+
+        # Resolve serial.  blastware_filename derives a 4-char prefix from
+        # the numeric serial (e.g. BE11529 → M529); we go the other way
+        # via the source filename if a hint wasn't given.
+        serial = serial_hint or _serial_from_bw_filename(source_path.name) or "UNKNOWN"
+
+        # Use the source filename verbatim — it already encodes timestamp
+        # + record type per BW's AB0T scheme, and we want to preserve it
+        # so the file BW knows about can be opened back in BW.
+        filename = source_path.name
+        bw_path = self._serial_dir(serial) / filename
+
+        # 1. copy bytes
+        bw_path.write_bytes(bw_bytes)
+        filesize = bw_path.stat().st_size
+        sha256   = event_file_io.file_sha256(bw_path)
+
+        # 2. write the .h5 clean-waveform file from the parsed Event.
+        # Note: peaks here are computed from raw samples (the BW file
+        # doesn't carry the device-authoritative 0C peaks).  Best-effort.
+        hdf5_path = self.hdf5_path_for(serial, filename)
+        hdf5_filename: Optional[str] = None
+        try:
+            event_hdf5.write_event_hdf5(
+                hdf5_path, ev,
+                serial=serial,
+                geo_range="normal",   # BW file doesn't carry the range; assume Normal
+                source_kind="bw-import",
+            )
+            hdf5_filename = hdf5_path.name
+        except Exception as exc:
+            log.warning(
+                "save_imported_bw: HDF5 write failed for %s: %s — continuing",
+                hdf5_path, exc,
+            )
+
+        # 3. write sidecar with source.kind = bw-import
+        sidecar_path = self.sidecar_path_for(serial, filename)
+        existing_review = None
+        if sidecar_path.exists():
+            try:
+                existing_review = event_file_io.read_sidecar(sidecar_path).get("review")
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+        sidecar = event_file_io.event_to_sidecar_dict(
+            ev,
+            serial=serial,
+            blastware_filename=filename,
+            blastware_filesize=filesize,
+            blastware_sha256=sha256,
+            source_kind="bw-import",
+            a5_pickle_filename=None,
+            review=existing_review,
+        )
+        event_file_io.write_sidecar(sidecar_path, sidecar)
+
+        log.info(
+            "WaveformStore.save_imported_bw serial=%s filename=%s filesize=%d "
+            "h5=%s (no .a5.pkl — A5 source unavailable for BW-imported files)",
+            serial, filename, filesize, hdf5_filename or "(skipped)",
+        )
+        return ev, {
+            "filename":           filename,
+            "filesize":           filesize,
+            "sha256":             sha256,
+            "a5_pickle_filename": None,
+            "hdf5_filename":      hdf5_filename,
+            "sidecar_filename":   sidecar_path.name,
+        }
+
+    def load_a5(self, serial: str, filename: str) -> Optional[list[S3Frame]]:
+        """
+        Re-hydrate the pickled A5 frame stream for a stored event.
+        Returns None if the sidecar is missing.
+        """
+        _, a5_path = self.paths_for(serial, filename)
+        if not a5_path.exists():
+            return None
+        with a5_path.open("rb") as fp:
+            payload = pickle.load(fp)
+        if not isinstance(payload, dict) or "frames" not in payload:
+            log.warning("WaveformStore.load_a5: malformed sidecar at %s", a5_path)
+            return None
+        return [_dict_to_frame(d) for d in payload["frames"]]
+
+    # ── modern .sfm.json sidecar accessors ──────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def load_sidecar(self, serial: str, filename: str) -> Optional[dict]:
+        """Return the parsed .sfm.json sidecar dict, or None if missing."""
+        path = self.sidecar_path_for(serial, filename)
+        if not path.exists():
+            return None
+        try:
+            return event_file_io.read_sidecar(path)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            log.warning("load_sidecar: failed to read %s: %s", path, exc)
+            return None
+
+    def patch_sidecar(
+        self,
+        serial: str,
+        filename: str,
+        *,
+        review: Optional[dict] = None,
+        extensions: Optional[dict] = None,
+        reviewer_now: bool = True,
+    ) -> Optional[dict]:
+        """
+        JSON-merge-patch the .sfm.json sidecar's review/extensions blocks.
+        Returns the new full dict, or None if the sidecar doesn't exist.
+        """
+        path = self.sidecar_path_for(serial, filename)
+        if not path.exists():
+            return None
+        return event_file_io.patch_sidecar(
+            path,
+            review=review,
+            extensions=extensions,
+            reviewer_now=reviewer_now,
+        )
+
+
+# ── helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def _serial_from_bw_filename(name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Reverse of `blastware_filename`'s serial-prefix encoding.
+
+    BW filename format (V10.72): `<P><serial3><stem4>.<ext>`
+    where P = chr(ord('B') + floor(serial // 1000))
+    and serial3 = f"{serial % 1000:03d}".
+
+    Examples (from CLAUDE.md verification archive):
+      P036... → BE14036       H907... → BE6907
+      M529... → BE11529       T003... → BE18003
+
+    Returns the inferred BE-prefix serial (e.g. "BE11529") or None when
+    the filename doesn't match the expected pattern.
+    """
+    if not name:
+        return None
+    # First letter encodes the thousands group; next 3 chars encode the
+    # last 3 digits of the serial.
+    base = name.split(".", 1)[0]
+    if len(base) < 4 or not base[0].isalpha() or not base[1:4].isdigit():
+        return None
+    prefix_letter = base[0].upper()
+    if prefix_letter < "B":
+        return None
+    thousands = ord(prefix_letter) - ord("B")
+    serial_num = thousands * 1000 + int(base[1:4])
+    return f"BE{serial_num}"

sfm/waveform_viewer.html

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
   <h1>SFM Waveform Viewer</h1>
   <div class="conn-group">
     <label>API</label>
-    <input type="text" id="api-base" value="http://localhost:8200" style="width:180px" />
+    <input type="text" id="api-base" style="width:180px" />
   </div>
   <div class="conn-group">
     <label>Device host</label>
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
   let charts = {};
   let lastData = null;
   let unitInfo = null;
-  let geoRange = 10.0;       // in/s full-scale for geo channels; updated on connect
+  let geoAdcScale = 10.0;       // in/s full-scale for geo channels; updated on connect
   let eventList = [];        // populated from /device/events after connect
   let currentEventIndex = 0;
 
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@
         throw new Error(err.detail || resp.statusText);
       }
       unitInfo = await resp.json();
-      geoRange = unitInfo.compliance_config?.max_range_geo ?? 10.0;
+      geoAdcScale = unitInfo.compliance_config?.geo_adc_scale ?? 10.0;
     } catch (e) {
       setStatus(`Error: ${e.message}`, 'error');
       btn.disabled = false;
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@
 
       if (isGeo) {
         // Geo channels: counts × (range / 32767) → in/s
-        const scale = geoRange / 32767;
+        const scale = geoAdcScale / 32767;
         plotSamples = samples.map(c => c * scale);
         const peakIns = Math.max(...plotSamples.map(Math.abs));
         peakLabel  = `${peakIns.toFixed(5)} in/s`;
@@ -588,6 +588,9 @@
     }
   }
 
+  // Auto-detect API base from wherever this page was served from
+  document.getElementById('api-base').value = window.location.origin;
+
   // Allow Enter key on connection inputs to trigger connect
   ['api-base', 'dev-host', 'dev-tcp-port'].forEach(id => {
     document.getElementById(id).addEventListener('keydown', e => {

tests/test_5a_protocol.py

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+"""
+test_5a_protocol.py — Regression test for the v0.14.x SUB 5A protocol fixes.
+
+Verifies that SFM's framing helpers reproduce Blastware's exact wire bytes
+for every 5A request frame in the 5-1-26 "bwcap3sec" capture, AND that the
+file builder produces a byte-identical file when fed the BW capture's A5
+responses.
+
+Together these two tests protect all four v0.14.x fixes:
+
+  v0.14.0 — STRT-bounded chunk walk (probe @ 0, metadata pages @ 0x1002 +
+            0x1004, samples @ 0x0600..0x1E00 step 0x0200, TERM at residual)
+  v0.14.1 — event-N probe counter is `start_offset`, not `start_offset+0x46`
+            (covered by the multi-event captures, not this 3-sec event-1
+            capture — but the helpers are the same code path)
+  v0.14.2 — file body assembly is contiguous concatenation, no de-duplication
+  v0.14.3 — partial DLE stuffing of `0x10` bytes in 5A params (counter=0x1000
+            wire bytes are `10 10 00`, not `10 00`)
+
+If any of these fixes regresses, this test fails immediately with a clear
+byte-level diff.
+
+Run:
+    python -m pytest tests/test_5a_protocol.py -v
+or:
+    python tests/test_5a_protocol.py
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+# Allow running from the project root without installation
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+from minimateplus.framing import (
+    S3FrameParser,
+    build_5a_frame,
+    bulk_waveform_params,
+    bulk_waveform_term_v2,
+)
+
+
+# ── Capture loading ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+ROOT = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+
+# Reference BW MITM capture: BW saving a 3-sec event 0 (start_key=01110000,
+# end_offset=0x21F2). 17 5A frames: probe + 2 metadata pages + 13 samples + TERM.
+BW_TX_PATH = os.path.join(
+    ROOT,
+    "bridges/captures/5-1-26/comcheck/bwcap3sec/"
+    "raw_bw_20260501_165723_copy_3sec_waveform_to_disk.bin",
+)
+BW_S3_PATH = os.path.join(
+    ROOT,
+    "bridges/captures/5-1-26/comcheck/bwcap3sec/"
+    "raw_s3_20260501_165723_copy_3sec_waveform_to_disk.bin",
+)
+
+# BW's saved Blastware file for the same event (used for file-builder verification).
+BW_SAVED_FILE = os.path.join(
+    ROOT, "example-events/decode_test/5-1-26/bw/M529LKIQ.G10",
+)
+
+
+def _split_bw_frames(data: bytes) -> list[bytes]:
+    """Split BW TX bytes into individual frames (ACK STX … bare ETX)."""
+    frames: list[bytes] = []
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(data):
+        if data[i] != 0x41 or i + 1 >= len(data) or data[i + 1] != 0x02:
+            i += 1
+            continue
+        j = i + 2
+        while j < len(data):
+            if data[j] == 0x03:
+                break
+            if data[j] == 0x10 and j + 1 < len(data):
+                j += 2
+                continue
+            j += 1
+        if j >= len(data):
+            break
+        frames.append(data[i : j + 1])
+        i = j + 1
+    return frames
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def bw_5a_frames() -> list[bytes]:
+    """All 5A frames from the BW TX capture, in wire order."""
+    if not os.path.exists(BW_TX_PATH):
+        pytest.skip(f"BW capture not found: {BW_TX_PATH}")
+    raw = open(BW_TX_PATH, "rb").read()
+    frames = [
+        f for f in _split_bw_frames(raw)
+        if len(f) >= 6 and f[5] == 0x5A   # body[3] == 0x5A (SUB)
+    ]
+    assert len(frames) == 17, f"expected 17 5A frames in capture, got {len(frames)}"
+    return frames
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def bw_a5_frames():
+    """All A5 (response) frames from the matching S3 capture."""
+    if not os.path.exists(BW_S3_PATH):
+        pytest.skip(f"BW S3 capture not found: {BW_S3_PATH}")
+    raw = open(BW_S3_PATH, "rb").read()
+    p = S3FrameParser()
+    p.feed(raw)
+    a5 = [f for f in p.frames if f.sub == 0xA5]
+    assert len(a5) == 17, f"expected 17 A5 frames in capture, got {len(a5)}"
+    return a5
+
+
+# ── 5A request frame byte-perfect verification ────────────────────────────────
+
+KEY4 = bytes.fromhex("01110000")   # start_key for the 3-sec event 0
+END_OFFSET = 0x21F2                # parsed from STRT in the BW capture
+LAST_CHUNK_COUNTER = 0x1E00        # last full 0x0200-byte chunk before TERM
+
+SAMPLE_COUNTERS = (
+    0x0600, 0x0800, 0x0A00, 0x0C00, 0x0E00,
+    0x1000, 0x1200, 0x1400, 0x1600, 0x1800,
+    0x1A00, 0x1C00, 0x1E00,
+)
+
+
+def _meta_params(key: bytes, counter: int) -> bytes:
+    """Build the 12-byte metadata-page params block (matches BW for 0x1002 / 0x1004)."""
+    return bytes(
+        [
+            0x00, key[0], key[1],
+            (counter >> 8) & 0xFF, counter & 0xFF,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+def test_probe_frame_byte_perfect(bw_5a_frames):
+    """Probe @ counter=0x0000 (frame 0)."""
+    sfm = build_5a_frame(0x1002, bulk_waveform_params(KEY4, 0, is_probe=True))
+    assert sfm == bw_5a_frames[0], (
+        f"\nSFM:    {sfm.hex()}\nBW:     {bw_5a_frames[0].hex()}"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("idx,counter", [(1, 0x1002), (2, 0x1004)])
+def test_metadata_page_frames_byte_perfect(bw_5a_frames, idx, counter):
+    """Metadata pages @ counter=0x1002 and 0x1004 (frames 1 and 2)."""
+    sfm = build_5a_frame(0x1002, _meta_params(KEY4, counter))
+    assert sfm == bw_5a_frames[idx], (
+        f"\nSFM:    {sfm.hex()}\nBW:     {bw_5a_frames[idx].hex()}"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("i,counter", list(enumerate(SAMPLE_COUNTERS)))
+def test_sample_chunk_frames_byte_perfect(bw_5a_frames, i, counter):
+    """
+    Sample chunks @ counter=0x0600..0x1E00, step 0x0200 (frames 3..15).
+
+    Critically, frame 8 (counter=0x1000) requires the v0.14.3 partial DLE
+    stuffing fix — wire params include `10 10 00` for the counter, not `10 00`.
+    """
+    sfm = build_5a_frame(0x1002, bulk_waveform_params(KEY4, counter))
+    bw_idx = 3 + i
+    assert sfm == bw_5a_frames[bw_idx], (
+        f"\ncounter=0x{counter:04X}"
+        f"\nSFM:    {sfm.hex()}"
+        f"\nBW:     {bw_5a_frames[bw_idx].hex()}"
+    )
+
+
+def test_term_frame_byte_perfect(bw_5a_frames):
+    """TERM frame at residual (frame 16)."""
+    offset_word, params = bulk_waveform_term_v2(KEY4, END_OFFSET, LAST_CHUNK_COUNTER)
+    sfm = build_5a_frame(offset_word, params)
+    assert sfm == bw_5a_frames[16], (
+        f"\nSFM:    {sfm.hex()}\nBW:     {bw_5a_frames[16].hex()}"
+    )
+
+
+def test_strt_end_offset_parsing(bw_a5_frames):
+    """The probe response (A5[0]) carries STRT at byte 17 with end_offset=0x21F2."""
+    from minimateplus.framing import parse_strt_end_offset
+
+    end_offset = parse_strt_end_offset(bw_a5_frames[0].data)
+    assert end_offset == END_OFFSET, (
+        f"expected end_offset=0x{END_OFFSET:04X}, got "
+        f"{f'0x{end_offset:04X}' if end_offset is not None else 'None'}"
+    )
+
+
+# ── File builder byte-perfect verification ────────────────────────────────────
+
+def test_blastware_file_builder_byte_perfect(bw_a5_frames):
+    """
+    Feed the BW capture's A5 frames into write_blastware_file() and verify the
+    output is byte-identical to BW's saved M529LKIQ.G10 reference file.
+
+    This protects the v0.14.2 strip-removal fix and the file-builder skip
+    values (probe=38, meta=13, samples=12, TERM=11).
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(BW_SAVED_FILE):
+        pytest.skip(f"BW saved file not found: {BW_SAVED_FILE}")
+
+    import tempfile
+
+    from minimateplus.blastware_file import write_blastware_file
+    from minimateplus.models import Event
+
+    ev = Event(index=0)
+    ev._waveform_key = KEY4
+    ev.rectime_seconds = 3
+    ev.timestamp = None   # let the builder pull the footer from the TERM frame
+
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".G10", delete=False) as tf:
+        tmp_path = tf.name
+    try:
+        write_blastware_file(ev, bw_a5_frames, tmp_path)
+        sfm_bytes = open(tmp_path, "rb").read()
+    finally:
+        os.unlink(tmp_path)
+
+    bw_bytes = open(BW_SAVED_FILE, "rb").read()
+
+    assert len(sfm_bytes) == len(bw_bytes), (
+        f"file size mismatch: SFM={len(sfm_bytes)} BW={len(bw_bytes)}"
+    )
+
+    if sfm_bytes != bw_bytes:
+        # Find first diff for actionable error message
+        for i in range(len(bw_bytes)):
+            if bw_bytes[i] != sfm_bytes[i]:
+                ctx_start = max(0, i - 8)
+                ctx_end = min(len(bw_bytes), i + 16)
+                pytest.fail(
+                    f"file diverges at byte 0x{i:04X}\n"
+                    f"  BW :  {bw_bytes[ctx_start:ctx_end].hex()}\n"
+                    f"  SFM:  {sfm_bytes[ctx_start:ctx_end].hex()}\n"
+                    f"          {'  ' * (i - ctx_start)}^^"
+                )
+
+
+# ── Standalone runner ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(pytest.main([__file__, "-v"]))

tests/test_cache_invalidation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+"""
+test_cache_invalidation.py — verify post-erase key-reuse correctness.
+
+The device's event-key counter resets to 0x01110000 after every memory erase,
+so a bare-key dedup (the old behaviour) silently treats a freshly-recorded
+event 0 as if it were the previously-downloaded one.  These tests exercise
+the (key, timestamp)-based eviction logic in:
+
+  - bridges/ach_server.py  (state-file migration + force flag)
+  - sfm/server.py          (_LiveCache.set_events / set_waveform)
+
+Run:
+    python tests/test_cache_invalidation.py
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from pathlib import Path
+
+try:
+    import pytest
+except ImportError:
+    pytest = None  # type: ignore
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+
+# ── ACH state migration ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_ach_state_legacy_migration(tmp_path: Path):
+    """
+    Legacy v1 state with a `downloaded_keys` list is migrated on _load_state
+    to the v2 `downloaded_events` dict.  All legacy keys come back with empty
+    timestamps so the (key, ts) compare in get_events() always falls through
+    to a fresh download.
+    """
+    from bridges.ach_server import _load_state
+
+    state_path = tmp_path / "ach_state.json"
+    legacy = {
+        "BE11529": {
+            "downloaded_keys":   ["01110000", "0111245a"],
+            "max_downloaded_key": "0111245a",
+            "last_seen":          "2026-04-11T01:04:36",
+            "serial":             "BE11529",
+            "peer":               "63.43.212.232:51920",
+        },
+    }
+    state_path.write_text(json.dumps(legacy))
+
+    migrated = _load_state(state_path)
+
+    unit = migrated["BE11529"]
+    assert "downloaded_keys" not in unit
+    assert unit["downloaded_events"] == {
+        "01110000": "",
+        "0111245a": "",
+    }
+    # max_downloaded_key is preserved verbatim
+    assert unit["max_downloaded_key"] == "0111245a"
+
+
+def test_ach_state_v2_passes_through(tmp_path: Path):
+    """A v2 state file is returned verbatim — no migration touches it."""
+    from bridges.ach_server import _load_state
+
+    state_path = tmp_path / "ach_state.json"
+    v2 = {
+        "BE11529": {
+            "downloaded_events": {
+                "01110000": "2026-04-15T14:23:45",
+                "0111245a": "2026-04-16T09:01:12",
+            },
+            "max_downloaded_key": "0111245a",
+            "serial":             "BE11529",
+        },
+    }
+    state_path.write_text(json.dumps(v2))
+
+    loaded = _load_state(state_path)
+    assert loaded["BE11529"]["downloaded_events"] == v2["BE11529"]["downloaded_events"]
+
+
+def test_ach_state_missing_returns_empty(tmp_path: Path):
+    """Nonexistent state path → empty dict (not an error)."""
+    from bridges.ach_server import _load_state
+    assert _load_state(tmp_path / "absent.json") == {}
+
+
+# ── _LiveCache eviction ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def _ev(index: int, key: str, ts: str) -> dict:
+    return {"index": index, "waveform_key": key, "timestamp": ts}
+
+
+def test_live_cache_set_events_no_eviction_when_keys_match():
+    """No flush when incoming events match the cached (key, ts) at each index."""
+    from sfm.live_cache import LiveCache as _LiveCache
+
+    c = _LiveCache()
+    conn = "tcp:1.2.3.4:12345"
+    c.set_events(conn, 2, [_ev(0, "01110000", "2026-04-15T14:23:45"),
+                           _ev(1, "0111245a", "2026-04-16T09:01:12")])
+    c.set_waveform(conn, 0, _ev(0, "01110000", "2026-04-15T14:23:45"))
+
+    # Same events again — must not flush.
+    c.set_events(conn, 2, [_ev(0, "01110000", "2026-04-15T14:23:45"),
+                           _ev(1, "0111245a", "2026-04-16T09:01:12")])
+
+    assert c._events[conn][0] == 2
+    assert (conn, 0) in c._waveforms
+
+
+def test_live_cache_set_events_flushes_on_post_erase_collision():
+    """
+    Index 0 keeps the same key (01110000 reuses) but the timestamp differs
+    → device was erased + re-recorded → flush all events + waveforms for the
+    device.
+    """
+    from sfm.live_cache import LiveCache as _LiveCache
+
+    c = _LiveCache()
+    conn = "tcp:1.2.3.4:12345"
+    # First "session": index 0 key=01110000 ts=2026-04-15.
+    c.set_events(conn, 1, [_ev(0, "01110000", "2026-04-15T14:23:45")])
+    c.set_waveform(conn, 0, _ev(0, "01110000", "2026-04-15T14:23:45"))
+    assert (conn, 0) in c._waveforms
+
+    # Second "session" after erase: index 0 still key=01110000 but new ts.
+    c.set_events(conn, 1, [_ev(0, "01110000", "2026-05-06T12:34:56")])
+
+    # Stale waveform for index 0 must have been flushed by the eviction path
+    # before the new event was inserted.  The new events list IS in cache but
+    # the cached waveform from the prior session is gone.
+    assert (conn, 0) not in c._waveforms
+    assert c._events[conn][1][0]["timestamp"] == "2026-05-06T12:34:56"
+
+
+def test_live_cache_set_waveform_flushes_on_mismatch():
+    """set_waveform alone should also evict when (key, ts) differs."""
+    from sfm.live_cache import LiveCache as _LiveCache
+
+    c = _LiveCache()
+    conn = "tcp:1.2.3.4:12345"
+    c.set_waveform(conn, 0, _ev(0, "01110000", "2026-04-15T14:23:45"))
+    c.set_waveform(conn, 1, _ev(1, "0111245a", "2026-04-16T09:01:12"))
+
+    # Index 0 swap: same key, new timestamp.
+    c.set_waveform(conn, 0, _ev(0, "01110000", "2026-05-06T12:34:56"))
+
+    # Index 1's stale waveform must be flushed — keeping it would mix eras.
+    assert (conn, 1) not in c._waveforms
+    # The newly-inserted index 0 entry is what's there.
+    assert c._waveforms[(conn, 0)]["timestamp"] == "2026-05-06T12:34:56"
+
+
+def test_live_cache_partial_signature_does_not_flush():
+    """
+    If incoming event lacks waveform_key OR timestamp, we cannot prove a
+    mismatch — eviction must NOT trigger.  Avoids spurious flushes from
+    legacy / partial event shapes.
+    """
+    from sfm.live_cache import LiveCache as _LiveCache
+
+    c = _LiveCache()
+    conn = "tcp:1.2.3.4:12345"
+    c.set_waveform(conn, 0, _ev(0, "01110000", "2026-04-15T14:23:45"))
+
+    # Incoming entry missing the timestamp — cannot prove a mismatch.
+    c.set_waveform(conn, 0, {"index": 0, "waveform_key": "01110000"})
+
+    # Cache should contain the new entry; the implementation overwrites
+    # the index-0 row but does NOT flush other indices.  Since there are no
+    # other indices in this test, just check the entry exists.
+    assert (conn, 0) in c._waveforms
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if pytest is not None:
+        pytest.main([__file__, "-v"])
+    else:
+        import inspect
+        import traceback as _tb
+
+        passed = failed = 0
+        for _name, _fn in sorted(globals().items()):
+            if not _name.startswith("test_") or not callable(_fn):
+                continue
+            try:
+                _sig = inspect.signature(_fn)
+                if "tmp_path" in _sig.parameters:
+                    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as _td:
+                        _fn(Path(_td))
+                else:
+                    _fn()
+                print(f"PASS  {_name}")
+                passed += 1
+            except Exception:
+                print(f"FAIL  {_name}")
+                _tb.print_exc()
+                failed += 1
+        print(f"\n{passed} passed, {failed} failed")
+        sys.exit(0 if failed == 0 else 1)

tests/test_event_file_io.py

@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+"""
+test_event_file_io.py — sidecar write/read/patch round-trips,
+WaveformStore sidecar integration, and the BW-import path.
+
+Run:
+    python tests/test_event_file_io.py
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from pathlib import Path
+
+try:
+    import pytest
+except ImportError:
+    pytest = None  # type: ignore
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+from minimateplus import event_file_io
+from minimateplus.framing import S3Frame
+from minimateplus.models import Event, Timestamp
+
+
+# ── Fixtures shared with test_waveform_store.py ───────────────────────────────
+
+
+def _make_synthetic_event() -> tuple[Event, list[S3Frame]]:
+    """Same shape as tests/test_waveform_store.py — minimum viable Event +
+    A5 stream that makes write_blastware_file emit a parseable file.
+
+    STRT is exactly 21 bytes; rectime_seconds lands at byte 18 to match
+    `_decode_a5_waveform`'s expected layout (which is also what
+    `read_blastware_file()` reads back)."""
+    key4 = bytes.fromhex("01110000")
+    rectime = 3
+    strt = bytearray(21)
+    strt[0:4]   = b"STRT"
+    strt[4:6]   = b"\xff\xfe"
+    strt[6:10]  = key4   # end_key (per data[23:27] in CLAUDE.md)
+    strt[10:14] = key4   # start_key (per data[27:31])
+    strt[18]    = rectime
+    strt = bytes(strt)
+
+    probe_data = bytes(7) + strt + bytes(32)
+    probe = S3Frame(sub=0xA5, page_hi=0x10, page_lo=0x00, data=probe_data,
+                    checksum_valid=True, chk_byte=0x00)
+
+    sample = S3Frame(sub=0xA5, page_hi=0x00, page_lo=0x10,
+                     data=bytes(7) + bytes(0x0200), checksum_valid=True,
+                     chk_byte=0x00)
+
+    # Build a valid 26-byte footer (0e 08 + ts1 + ts2 + 6 const + 2 crc)
+    # and embed it at the END of the terminator's contribution so
+    # write_blastware_file finds the real `0e 08` marker rather than
+    # falling back to slicing the last 26 bytes of zero garbage.
+    # ts byte order: [day][month][year_HI][year_LO][0x00][hour][min][sec]
+    footer = (
+        b"\x0e\x08"
+        + bytes([6, 5, 0x07, 0xea, 0, 12, 34, 56])  # ts1 = 2026-05-06 12:34:56
+        + bytes([6, 5, 0x07, 0xea, 0, 12, 35, 6])   # ts2 = ts1 + ~10s
+        + b"\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\x00"
+        + b"\x00\x00"
+    )
+    assert len(footer) == 26
+    term_data = bytes(11) + bytes(38) + footer  # 11 prefix + 38 pad + 26 footer = 75
+    term = S3Frame(sub=0xA5, page_hi=0x00, page_lo=0x00,
+                   data=term_data, checksum_valid=True, chk_byte=0x00)
+
+    ev = Event(index=0)
+    ev._waveform_key = key4
+    ev.timestamp = Timestamp(
+        raw=b"", flag=0x10, year=2026, unknown_byte=0,
+        month=5, day=6, hour=12, minute=34, second=56,
+    )
+    ev.rectime_seconds = rectime
+    ev.record_type = "Waveform"
+    ev._a5_frames = [probe, sample, term]
+    return ev, [probe, sample, term]
+
+
+# ── Sidecar write/read round-trip ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_event_to_sidecar_dict_shape():
+    ev, _ = _make_synthetic_event()
+    d = event_file_io.event_to_sidecar_dict(
+        ev,
+        serial="BE11529",
+        blastware_filename="M529LKIQ.7M0W",
+        blastware_filesize=1024,
+        blastware_sha256="abcd" * 16,
+        source_kind="sfm-live",
+        a5_pickle_filename="M529LKIQ.7M0W.a5.pkl",
+    )
+
+    assert d["schema_version"] == event_file_io.SCHEMA_VERSION
+    assert d["kind"] == event_file_io.SIDECAR_KIND
+    assert d["event"]["serial"] == "BE11529"
+    assert d["event"]["timestamp"] == "2026-05-06T12:34:56"
+    assert d["event"]["waveform_key"] == "01110000"
+    assert d["blastware"]["sha256"] == "abcd" * 16
+    assert d["source"]["kind"] == "sfm-live"
+    assert d["review"] == {
+        "false_trigger": False, "reviewer": None,
+        "reviewed_at": None, "notes": "",
+    }
+    assert d["extensions"] == {}
+
+
+def test_sidecar_write_and_read_round_trip(tmp_path: Path):
+    ev, _ = _make_synthetic_event()
+    path = tmp_path / "M529LKIQ.7M0W.sfm.json"
+    src = event_file_io.event_to_sidecar_dict(
+        ev, serial="BE11529",
+        blastware_filename="M529LKIQ.7M0W", blastware_filesize=1024,
+        blastware_sha256="x" * 64, source_kind="sfm-ach",
+    )
+    event_file_io.write_sidecar(path, src)
+    loaded = event_file_io.read_sidecar(path)
+    assert loaded["event"] == src["event"]
+    assert loaded["blastware"] == src["blastware"]
+    assert loaded["source"]["kind"] == "sfm-ach"
+
+
+def test_sidecar_persists_raw_0c_record_in_extensions(tmp_path: Path):
+    """An Event with _raw_record populated should land its 210 bytes
+    base64-encoded in extensions.raw_records.waveform_record_b64, so
+    later analysis (e.g. mapping Peak Acceleration / Time of Peak / ZC
+    Freq byte offsets) can run offline against the saved sidecar."""
+    import base64
+
+    ev, _ = _make_synthetic_event()
+    # Synthesize a 210-byte 0C record with embedded label needles so
+    # the dump tool's anchor scan has something to find.
+    raw = bytearray(210)
+    raw[10:14]   = b"Tran"
+    raw[60:64]   = b"Vert"
+    raw[110:114] = b"Long"
+    raw[160:164] = b"MicL"
+    ev._raw_record = bytes(raw)
+
+    d = event_file_io.event_to_sidecar_dict(
+        ev, serial="BE11529",
+        blastware_filename="M529LKIQ.7M0W", blastware_filesize=1024,
+        blastware_sha256="x" * 64, source_kind="sfm-live",
+    )
+
+    rr = d["extensions"]["raw_records"]
+    assert rr["waveform_record_len"] == 210
+    decoded = base64.b64decode(rr["waveform_record_b64"])
+    assert decoded == ev._raw_record
+
+    # Round-trip through write/read
+    path = tmp_path / "raw0c.sfm.json"
+    event_file_io.write_sidecar(path, d)
+    loaded = event_file_io.read_sidecar(path)
+    assert (
+        base64.b64decode(loaded["extensions"]["raw_records"]["waveform_record_b64"])
+        == ev._raw_record
+    )
+
+
+def test_sidecar_omits_raw_records_when_event_has_no_0c(tmp_path: Path):
+    """Events without a _raw_record (e.g. constructed by importers that
+    never see 0C) should NOT add an empty raw_records block — keep the
+    sidecar clean for those flows."""
+    ev, _ = _make_synthetic_event()
+    assert ev._raw_record is None
+
+    d = event_file_io.event_to_sidecar_dict(
+        ev, serial="BE11529",
+        blastware_filename="M529LKIQ.7M0W", blastware_filesize=1024,
+        blastware_sha256="x" * 64, source_kind="bw-import",
+    )
+    assert d["extensions"] == {}
+
+
+def test_sidecar_rejects_unsupported_schema_version(tmp_path: Path):
+    path = tmp_path / "future.sfm.json"
+    path.write_text(json.dumps({
+        "schema_version": event_file_io.SCHEMA_VERSION + 1,
+        "kind": event_file_io.SIDECAR_KIND,
+    }))
+    try:
+        event_file_io.read_sidecar(path)
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        assert "schema_version" in str(exc)
+        return
+    raise AssertionError("read_sidecar should have rejected unsupported version")
+
+
+def test_sidecar_extensions_survive_round_trip(tmp_path: Path):
+    """Forward-compat: unknown keys inside `extensions` survive a r/w cycle."""
+    ev, _ = _make_synthetic_event()
+    path = tmp_path / "x.sfm.json"
+    d = event_file_io.event_to_sidecar_dict(
+        ev, serial="BE11529",
+        blastware_filename="X", blastware_filesize=0, blastware_sha256="",
+        source_kind="sfm-live",
+        extensions={"vendor.acme.gps": {"lat": 40.7, "lon": -74.0}},
+    )
+    event_file_io.write_sidecar(path, d)
+    back = event_file_io.read_sidecar(path)
+    assert back["extensions"]["vendor.acme.gps"]["lat"] == 40.7
+
+
+def test_sidecar_patch_review_stamps_reviewed_at(tmp_path: Path):
+    ev, _ = _make_synthetic_event()
+    path = tmp_path / "patch.sfm.json"
+    event_file_io.write_sidecar(
+        path,
+        event_file_io.event_to_sidecar_dict(
+            ev, serial="BE11529",
+            blastware_filename="X", blastware_filesize=0, blastware_sha256="",
+            source_kind="sfm-live",
+        ),
+    )
+    new = event_file_io.patch_sidecar(
+        path,
+        review={"false_trigger": True, "notes": "truck thump", "reviewer": "brian"},
+    )
+    assert new["review"]["false_trigger"] is True
+    assert new["review"]["notes"] == "truck thump"
+    assert new["review"]["reviewer"] == "brian"
+    assert new["review"]["reviewed_at"], "reviewed_at must be auto-stamped"
+
+    on_disk = event_file_io.read_sidecar(path)
+    assert on_disk["review"]["false_trigger"] is True
+
+
+# ── WaveformStore integration ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_waveform_store_save_writes_sidecar(tmp_path: Path):
+    from sfm.waveform_store import WaveformStore
+
+    store = WaveformStore(tmp_path / "waveforms")
+    ev, frames = _make_synthetic_event()
+    rec = store.save(ev, serial="BE11529", a5_frames=frames, source_kind="sfm-live")
+
+    assert rec["sidecar_filename"].endswith(".sfm.json")
+    assert rec["sha256"] and len(rec["sha256"]) == 64
+
+    sc = store.load_sidecar("BE11529", rec["filename"])
+    assert sc is not None
+    assert sc["blastware"]["filename"] == rec["filename"]
+    assert sc["blastware"]["sha256"]   == rec["sha256"]
+    assert sc["source"]["kind"]        == "sfm-live"
+    # The .a5.pkl reference should match the actual filename on disk.
+    assert sc["source"]["a5_pickle_filename"] == rec["a5_pickle_filename"]
+
+
+def test_waveform_store_save_preserves_review_across_resave(tmp_path: Path):
+    """Re-saving the same event must preserve a user's prior review edits."""
+    from sfm.waveform_store import WaveformStore
+
+    store = WaveformStore(tmp_path / "waveforms")
+    ev, frames = _make_synthetic_event()
+    rec = store.save(ev, serial="BE11529", a5_frames=frames)
+
+    # User flips false_trigger and adds a note.
+    store.patch_sidecar(
+        "BE11529", rec["filename"],
+        review={"false_trigger": True, "notes": "hello"},
+    )
+
+    # A second save (e.g. Force refresh re-download) must keep those edits.
+    store.save(ev, serial="BE11529", a5_frames=frames)
+    sc = store.load_sidecar("BE11529", rec["filename"])
+    assert sc["review"]["false_trigger"] is True
+    assert sc["review"]["notes"] == "hello"
+
+
+def test_waveform_store_patch_sidecar_returns_none_when_missing(tmp_path: Path):
+    from sfm.waveform_store import WaveformStore
+
+    store = WaveformStore(tmp_path / "waveforms")
+    out = store.patch_sidecar("BE99999", "no.such.W", review={"notes": "x"})
+    assert out is None
+
+
+# ── DB integration: sidecar_filename column + update_event_review ─────────────
+
+
+def test_seismodb_persists_sidecar_filename_and_review_sync(tmp_path: Path):
+    from sfm.database import SeismoDb
+
+    db = SeismoDb(tmp_path / "seismo_relay.db")
+    ev, _ = _make_synthetic_event()
+
+    rec = {
+        "filename":           "M529LKIQ.7M0W",
+        "filesize":           8708,
+        "a5_pickle_filename": "M529LKIQ.7M0W.a5.pkl",
+        "sidecar_filename":   "M529LKIQ.7M0W.sfm.json",
+    }
+    inserted, _ = db.insert_events(
+        [ev], serial="BE11529",
+        waveform_records={ev._waveform_key.hex(): rec},
+    )
+    assert inserted == 1
+
+    rows = db.query_events(serial="BE11529")
+    row = rows[0]
+    assert row["sidecar_filename"] == rec["sidecar_filename"]
+
+    # update_event_review keeps false_trigger column in sync with sidecar.
+    assert db.update_event_review(row["id"], {"false_trigger": True}) is True
+    again = db.get_event(row["id"])
+    assert again["false_trigger"] == 1
+
+    # Empty review block (no false_trigger key) → no-op but row exists.
+    assert db.update_event_review(row["id"], {"notes": "x"}) is True
+
+
+# ── BW-file reader (read_blastware_file) ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_read_blastware_file_round_trip(tmp_path: Path):
+    """write → read → key/timestamp/rectime survive."""
+    from minimateplus.blastware_file import write_blastware_file, blastware_filename
+
+    ev, frames = _make_synthetic_event()
+    bw_path = tmp_path / blastware_filename(ev, "BE11529")
+    write_blastware_file(ev, frames, bw_path)
+
+    parsed = event_file_io.read_blastware_file(bw_path)
+    assert parsed._waveform_key == ev._waveform_key
+    assert parsed.rectime_seconds == ev.rectime_seconds
+    # Timestamp lands via the footer; year/month/day/hour/min/sec all survive.
+    assert parsed.timestamp is not None
+    assert parsed.timestamp.year   == ev.timestamp.year
+    assert parsed.timestamp.month  == ev.timestamp.month
+    assert parsed.timestamp.day    == ev.timestamp.day
+    assert parsed.timestamp.hour   == ev.timestamp.hour
+    assert parsed.timestamp.minute == ev.timestamp.minute
+    assert parsed.timestamp.second == ev.timestamp.second
+    # No A5 source recoverable.
+    assert parsed._a5_frames is None
+    # Peaks computed from samples (synthetic = zero samples → zero peaks).
+    assert parsed.peak_values is not None
+    assert parsed.peak_values.peak_vector_sum == 0.0
+
+
+def test_save_imported_bw_round_trip(tmp_path: Path):
+    """save_imported_bw stores a copy + sidecar with source.kind = bw-import."""
+    from minimateplus.blastware_file import write_blastware_file, blastware_filename
+    from sfm.waveform_store import WaveformStore
+
+    # Produce a BW file outside the store.
+    ev, frames = _make_synthetic_event()
+    fname = blastware_filename(ev, "BE11529")
+    src = tmp_path / fname
+    write_blastware_file(ev, frames, src)
+
+    store = WaveformStore(tmp_path / "waveforms")
+    parsed_ev, rec = store.save_imported_bw(src.read_bytes(), source_path=src)
+
+    assert rec["filename"] == fname
+    assert rec["a5_pickle_filename"] is None  # no A5 source for BW imports
+    sc = store.load_sidecar("BE11529", fname)
+    assert sc is not None
+    assert sc["source"]["kind"] == "bw-import"
+    assert sc["source"]["a5_pickle_filename"] is None
+    # The stored binary should match the source byte-for-byte (we just copied).
+    stored_path = store.open_blastware("BE11529", fname)
+    assert stored_path is not None
+    assert stored_path.read_bytes() == src.read_bytes()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if pytest is not None:
+        pytest.main([__file__, "-v"])
+    else:
+        import inspect
+        import traceback as _tb
+
+        passed = failed = 0
+        for _name, _fn in sorted(globals().items()):
+            if not _name.startswith("test_") or not callable(_fn):
+                continue
+            try:
+                _sig = inspect.signature(_fn)
+                if "tmp_path" in _sig.parameters:
+                    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as _td:
+                        _fn(Path(_td))
+                else:
+                    _fn()
+                print(f"PASS  {_name}")
+                passed += 1
+            except Exception:
+                print(f"FAIL  {_name}")
+                _tb.print_exc()
+                failed += 1
+        print(f"\n{passed} passed, {failed} failed")
+        sys.exit(0 if failed == 0 else 1)

tests/test_event_hdf5.py

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+"""
+test_event_hdf5.py — HDF5 codec round-trip + plot.v1 JSON shape sanity.
+
+Run:
+    python tests/test_event_hdf5.py
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from pathlib import Path
+
+try:
+    import pytest
+except ImportError:
+    pytest = None  # type: ignore
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+from minimateplus.framing import S3Frame
+from minimateplus.models import Event, PeakValues, ProjectInfo, Timestamp
+from sfm import event_hdf5
+
+
+# ── Fixtures ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def _make_event_with_samples(n: int = 256) -> Event:
+    """An Event with synthetic int16 ADC samples on all four channels.
+
+    Channel content:
+      - Tran: ramp from -16384 to +16383 (peak ≈ 5 in/s for Normal range)
+      - Vert: full-scale dirac at index n//2 (peak = 10 in/s)
+      - Long: zeros
+      - MicL: small ramp
+    Peak values are set on the event the way the device's 0C record
+    would supply them — used by the HDF5 writer for the mic per-count
+    factor.
+    """
+    tran = [int((i / max(n - 1, 1)) * 32767 - 16384) for i in range(n)]
+    vert = [0] * n
+    if n:
+        vert[n // 2] = 32767
+    long_ = [0] * n
+    mic   = [int((i / max(n - 1, 1)) * 5000) for i in range(n)]
+
+    ev = Event(index=0)
+    ev._waveform_key   = bytes.fromhex("01110000")
+    ev.timestamp = Timestamp(
+        raw=b"", flag=0x10,
+        year=2026, unknown_byte=0, month=5, day=7,
+        hour=10, minute=0, second=0,
+    )
+    ev.record_type     = "Waveform"
+    ev.sample_rate     = 1024
+    ev.pretrig_samples = n // 4
+    ev.total_samples   = n
+    ev.rectime_seconds = n / 1024.0
+    ev.raw_samples     = {"Tran": tran, "Vert": vert, "Long": long_, "MicL": mic}
+    ev.peak_values     = PeakValues(
+        tran=5.0, vert=10.0, long=0.0,
+        peak_vector_sum=10.0, micl=0.001,
+    )
+    ev.project_info    = ProjectInfo(
+        project="TestProj", client="TestClient",
+        operator="brian", sensor_location="loc-A",
+    )
+    return ev
+
+
+# ── HDF5 round-trip ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_hdf5_round_trip_preserves_metadata(tmp_path: Path):
+    ev = _make_event_with_samples()
+    h5 = tmp_path / "test.h5"
+    event_hdf5.write_event_hdf5(
+        h5, ev, serial="BE11529", geo_range="normal",
+    )
+
+    data = event_hdf5.read_event_hdf5(h5)
+    a = data["attrs"]
+    assert a["schema_version"]       == event_hdf5.SCHEMA_VERSION
+    assert a["kind"]                 == event_hdf5.HDF5_KIND
+    assert a["serial"]               == "BE11529"
+    assert a["waveform_key"]         == "01110000"
+    assert a["sample_rate"]          == 1024
+    assert a["pretrig_samples"]      == 64
+    assert a["geo_range"]            == "normal"
+    assert a["geo_full_scale_ips"]   == 10.0
+    assert a["project"]              == "TestProj"
+    assert a["client"]               == "TestClient"
+    assert a["operator"]             == "brian"
+    # Float attrs may round-trip with tiny precision noise.
+    assert abs(a["peak_tran_ips"] - 5.0)  < 1e-6
+    assert abs(a["peak_vert_ips"] - 10.0) < 1e-6
+
+
+def test_hdf5_samples_in_physical_units_normal_range(tmp_path: Path):
+    """Vert hits ADC full-scale (32767) → with Normal range FS=10 in/s,
+    the HDF5 sample value should be ≈ 10 * 32767/32768 in/s."""
+    ev = _make_event_with_samples()
+    h5 = tmp_path / "n.h5"
+    event_hdf5.write_event_hdf5(h5, ev, serial="BE11529", geo_range="normal")
+    data = event_hdf5.read_event_hdf5(h5)
+
+    vert = data["samples"]["Vert"]
+    assert vert.dtype.name == "float32"
+    assert max(abs(v) for v in vert) > 9.99   # full-scale ≈ 10.0
+    # The dirac was at n//2 → 32767 ADC counts.
+    expected_peak = 10.0 * 32767 / 32768
+    assert abs(max(vert) - expected_peak) < 1e-3
+
+
+def test_hdf5_samples_in_physical_units_sensitive_range(tmp_path: Path):
+    """Same fixture but Sensitive range → full-scale 1.250 in/s."""
+    ev = _make_event_with_samples()
+    h5 = tmp_path / "s.h5"
+    event_hdf5.write_event_hdf5(h5, ev, serial="BE11529", geo_range="sensitive")
+    data = event_hdf5.read_event_hdf5(h5)
+
+    vert = data["samples"]["Vert"]
+    expected_peak = 1.250 * 32767 / 32768
+    assert abs(max(vert) - expected_peak) < 1e-4
+
+
+def test_hdf5_includes_int16_samples(tmp_path: Path):
+    ev = _make_event_with_samples()
+    h5 = tmp_path / "i.h5"
+    event_hdf5.write_event_hdf5(h5, ev, serial="BE11529")
+    data = event_hdf5.read_event_hdf5(h5)
+    assert data["samples_int16"] is not None
+    assert "Tran" in data["samples_int16"]
+    assert data["samples_int16"]["Vert"].dtype.name == "int16"
+
+
+def test_hdf5_rejects_unsupported_schema(tmp_path: Path):
+    """Round-tripping with a tampered schema_version raises ValueError."""
+    import h5py
+    h5 = tmp_path / "future.h5"
+    with h5py.File(h5, "w") as f:
+        f.attrs["schema_version"] = 99
+        f.attrs["kind"] = event_hdf5.HDF5_KIND
+    try:
+        event_hdf5.read_event_hdf5(h5)
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        assert "schema_version" in str(exc)
+        return
+    raise AssertionError("read_event_hdf5 should reject unsupported schema_version")
+
+
+# ── plot.v1 JSON shape ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_event_to_plot_json_shape():
+    ev = _make_event_with_samples()
+    j  = event_hdf5.event_to_plot_json(ev, serial="BE11529", geo_range="normal")
+    assert j["schema"] == "sfm.plot.v1"
+    assert j["serial"] == "BE11529"
+    assert j["geo_range"] == "normal"
+    assert j["geo_full_scale_ips"] == 10.0
+    assert j["trigger_ms"] == 0.0
+
+    t = j["time_axis"]
+    assert t["sample_rate"]     == 1024
+    assert t["pretrig_samples"] == 64
+    assert t["n_samples"]       == 256
+    # t0_ms = -pretrig * dt_ms = -64 * (1000/1024) ≈ -62.5
+    assert abs(t["t0_ms"] - (-64 * 1000 / 1024)) < 1e-3
+    assert abs(t["dt_ms"] - (1000 / 1024)) < 1e-6
+
+    chans = j["channels"]
+    for name in ("Tran", "Vert", "Long", "MicL"):
+        assert name in chans, f"missing channel: {name}"
+        assert chans[name]["unit"] in ("in/s", "psi")
+        assert "values" in chans[name]
+        assert "peak" in chans[name]
+        assert "peak_t_ms" in chans[name]
+
+    # Values are in physical units: Vert peak ≈ 10 in/s.
+    assert max(chans["Vert"]["values"]) > 9.99
+
+
+def test_event_to_plot_json_peak_t_ms_locates_dirac():
+    """The Vert channel's full-scale dirac at sample n//2 should produce
+    peak_t_ms = (n//2 - pretrig) * dt_ms."""
+    ev = _make_event_with_samples(n=256)
+    j  = event_hdf5.event_to_plot_json(ev, serial="BE11529")
+    expected = (128 - 64) * (1000 / 1024)  # = 62.5 ms
+    assert abs(j["channels"]["Vert"]["peak_t_ms"] - expected) < 1e-2
+
+
+def test_plot_json_from_hdf5_round_trip(tmp_path: Path):
+    """plot_json_from_hdf5 produces the same shape as event_to_plot_json."""
+    ev = _make_event_with_samples()
+    h5 = tmp_path / "rt.h5"
+    event_hdf5.write_event_hdf5(h5, ev, serial="BE11529", geo_range="normal")
+
+    j_disk = event_hdf5.plot_json_from_hdf5(h5, event_id="abc-123")
+    j_mem  = event_hdf5.event_to_plot_json(ev, serial="BE11529", geo_range="normal", event_id="abc-123")
+
+    # Top-level shape parity
+    for k in ("schema", "serial", "geo_range", "geo_full_scale_ips",
+              "trigger_ms", "record_type", "waveform_key", "event_id"):
+        assert j_disk.get(k) == j_mem.get(k), f"mismatch on {k}"
+    assert j_disk["time_axis"]["sample_rate"] == j_mem["time_axis"]["sample_rate"]
+    assert j_disk["time_axis"]["n_samples"]   == j_mem["time_axis"]["n_samples"]
+
+    # Sample values must match within float32 precision.
+    for ch in ("Tran", "Vert", "Long", "MicL"):
+        a = j_disk["channels"][ch]["values"]
+        b = j_mem["channels"][ch]["values"]
+        assert len(a) == len(b)
+        if a:
+            mx = max(abs(x - y) for x, y in zip(a, b))
+            assert mx < 1e-3, f"{ch}: max diff {mx}"
+
+
+# ── WaveformStore integration with HDF5 ───────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def _make_synthetic_event_for_save() -> tuple[Event, list[S3Frame]]:
+    """Same flavour as test_event_file_io.py but ensures _make_event_with_samples
+    is also wired into the BW write path so we can exercise WaveformStore.save."""
+    ev = _make_event_with_samples(n=128)
+    # Build a minimum 3-frame A5 stream (probe + sample + term) — same
+    # shape used in the other test files.  The encoder only really needs
+    # the STRT in the probe + a non-zero body and a footer in the term.
+    key4 = ev._waveform_key
+    rectime = int(ev.rectime_seconds or 0) or 1
+    strt = bytearray(21)
+    strt[0:4]   = b"STRT"
+    strt[4:6]   = b"\xff\xfe"
+    strt[6:10]  = key4
+    strt[10:14] = key4
+    strt[18]    = rectime
+    probe = S3Frame(sub=0xA5, page_hi=0x10, page_lo=0x00,
+                    data=bytes(7) + bytes(strt) + bytes(32),
+                    checksum_valid=True, chk_byte=0x00)
+    sample = S3Frame(sub=0xA5, page_hi=0x00, page_lo=0x10,
+                     data=bytes(7) + bytes(0x0200), checksum_valid=True, chk_byte=0x00)
+    footer = (
+        b"\x0e\x08"
+        + bytes([7, 5, 0x07, 0xea, 0, 10, 0, 0])
+        + bytes([7, 5, 0x07, 0xea, 0, 10, 0, 1])
+        + b"\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+    )
+    term = S3Frame(sub=0xA5, page_hi=0x00, page_lo=0x00,
+                   data=bytes(11) + bytes(38) + footer, checksum_valid=True, chk_byte=0x00)
+    ev._a5_frames = [probe, sample, term]
+    return ev, [probe, sample, term]
+
+
+def test_waveform_store_save_emits_hdf5(tmp_path: Path):
+    from sfm.waveform_store import WaveformStore
+    store = WaveformStore(tmp_path / "waveforms")
+    ev, frames = _make_synthetic_event_for_save()
+    rec = store.save(ev, serial="BE11529", a5_frames=frames, geo_range="normal")
+
+    assert rec["hdf5_filename"], "hdf5_filename should be present in save() record"
+    h5 = store.hdf5_path_for("BE11529", rec["filename"])
+    assert h5.exists(), "WaveformStore.save should produce a .h5 file"
+    # The HDF5 round-trip should match the event's metadata.
+    data = event_hdf5.read_event_hdf5(h5)
+    assert data["attrs"]["serial"] == "BE11529"
+    assert data["attrs"]["geo_range"] == "normal"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if pytest is not None:
+        pytest.main([__file__, "-v"])
+    else:
+        import inspect
+        import traceback as _tb
+
+        passed = failed = 0
+        for _name, _fn in sorted(globals().items()):
+            if not _name.startswith("test_") or not callable(_fn):
+                continue
+            try:
+                _sig = inspect.signature(_fn)
+                if "tmp_path" in _sig.parameters:
+                    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as _td:
+                        _fn(Path(_td))
+                else:
+                    _fn()
+                print(f"PASS  {_name}")
+                passed += 1
+            except Exception:
+                print(f"FAIL  {_name}")
+                _tb.print_exc()
+                failed += 1
+        print(f"\n{passed} passed, {failed} failed")
+        sys.exit(0 if failed == 0 else 1)

tests/test_waveform_store.py

@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+"""
+test_waveform_store.py — unit tests for sfm/waveform_store.py and the
+SeismoDb columns + insert_events upsert path that the store depends on.
+
+These tests exercise the *store + DB plumbing* in isolation — they do not
+re-test write_blastware_file (covered separately) and do not require a live
+device or a wire capture.
+
+Run:
+    python -m pytest tests/test_waveform_store.py -v
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import sys
+import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+
+try:
+    import pytest
+except ImportError:  # allow running standalone without pytest installed
+    pytest = None  # type: ignore
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+from minimateplus.framing import S3Frame
+from minimateplus.models import Event, Timestamp
+
+
+# ── Test fixtures ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def _make_synthetic_event() -> tuple[Event, list[S3Frame]]:
+    """
+    Build a minimal Event + a 3-frame A5 stream that satisfies
+    write_blastware_file's STRT-extraction path.
+
+    Frame 0 (probe): contains a STRT record at the canonical position so
+                     write_blastware_file finds it without falling back.
+    Frame 1 (sample): 0x0200 bytes of zeros at page_key=0x0010 (sample marker).
+    Frame 2 (TERM):   page_key=0x0000 marks the terminator.
+    """
+    key4 = bytes.fromhex("01110000")
+    rectime = 3
+    strt = b"STRT" + b"\xff\xfe" + key4 + key4 + bytes(7) + bytes([rectime])
+
+    # Probe payload prefix: 7 zero bytes then STRT (matches blastware_file._strip
+    # logic which looks for STRT in data[7:]).  Tail with 32 zero bytes of fake
+    # body so reconstruction has something to slice.
+    probe_data = bytes(7) + strt + bytes(32)
+    probe = S3Frame(sub=0xA5, page_hi=0x10, page_lo=0x00, data=probe_data,
+                    checksum_valid=True, chk_byte=0x00)
+
+    sample = S3Frame(sub=0xA5, page_hi=0x00, page_lo=0x10,
+                     data=bytes(7) + bytes(0x0200), checksum_valid=True,
+                     chk_byte=0x00)
+
+    term = S3Frame(sub=0xA5, page_hi=0x00, page_lo=0x00,
+                   data=bytes(7) + bytes(64), checksum_valid=True,
+                   chk_byte=0x00)
+
+    ev = Event(index=0)
+    ev._waveform_key = key4
+    ev.timestamp = Timestamp(
+        raw=b"",
+        flag=0x10,
+        year=2026,
+        unknown_byte=0,
+        month=5,
+        day=6,
+        hour=12,
+        minute=34,
+        second=56,
+    )
+    ev.rectime_seconds = rectime
+    ev.record_type = "Waveform"
+    ev._a5_frames = [probe, sample, term]
+    return ev, [probe, sample, term]
+
+
+# ── Frame round-trip ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_frame_dict_round_trip():
+    """_frame_to_dict and _dict_to_frame must round-trip every field."""
+    from sfm.waveform_store import _dict_to_frame, _frame_to_dict
+
+    f = S3Frame(
+        sub=0xA5, page_hi=0x12, page_lo=0x34,
+        data=b"\x10\x02\x00\xab\xcd",
+        checksum_valid=False,
+        chk_byte=0x42,
+    )
+    d = _frame_to_dict(f)
+    g = _dict_to_frame(d)
+    assert g.sub == f.sub
+    assert g.page_hi == f.page_hi
+    assert g.page_lo == f.page_lo
+    assert g.data == f.data
+    assert g.checksum_valid == f.checksum_valid
+    assert g.chk_byte == f.chk_byte
+
+
+# ── Store save/load round-trip ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_waveform_store_save_load_round_trip(tmp_path: Path):
+    """save() writes both files; load_a5() returns equivalent frames."""
+    from sfm.waveform_store import WaveformStore
+
+    store = WaveformStore(tmp_path / "waveforms")
+    ev, frames = _make_synthetic_event()
+
+    rec = store.save(ev, serial="BE11529", a5_frames=frames)
+
+    assert rec["filename"].startswith("M529")
+    assert rec["filesize"] > 0
+    assert rec["a5_pickle_filename"] == rec["filename"] + ".a5.pkl"
+
+    bw_path = store.open_blastware("BE11529", rec["filename"])
+    assert bw_path is not None
+    assert bw_path.exists()
+    assert bw_path.stat().st_size == rec["filesize"]
+
+    # Sidecar exists and round-trips
+    loaded = store.load_a5("BE11529", rec["filename"])
+    assert loaded is not None
+    assert len(loaded) == len(frames)
+    for orig, got in zip(frames, loaded):
+        assert got.sub == orig.sub
+        assert got.page_hi == orig.page_hi
+        assert got.page_lo == orig.page_lo
+        assert got.data == orig.data
+
+
+def test_waveform_store_missing_returns_none(tmp_path: Path):
+    """open_blastware / load_a5 return None for nonexistent entries."""
+    from sfm.waveform_store import WaveformStore
+
+    store = WaveformStore(tmp_path / "waveforms")
+    assert store.open_blastware("BE99999", "no_such.7M0W") is None
+    assert store.load_a5("BE99999", "no_such.7M0W") is None
+
+
+def test_waveform_store_idempotent_save(tmp_path: Path):
+    """Saving the same event twice produces the same event-file bytes."""
+    from sfm.waveform_store import WaveformStore
+
+    store = WaveformStore(tmp_path / "waveforms")
+    ev, frames = _make_synthetic_event()
+
+    rec1 = store.save(ev, serial="BE11529", a5_frames=frames)
+    bw_path = store.open_blastware("BE11529", rec1["filename"])
+    bytes1 = bw_path.read_bytes()
+
+    rec2 = store.save(ev, serial="BE11529", a5_frames=frames)
+    bytes2 = bw_path.read_bytes()
+
+    assert rec1["filename"] == rec2["filename"]
+    assert bytes1 == bytes2
+
+
+# ── DB integration ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_seismodb_persists_waveform_columns(tmp_path: Path):
+    """insert_events writes the new columns when waveform_records is supplied."""
+    from sfm.database import SeismoDb
+
+    db = SeismoDb(tmp_path / "seismo_relay.db")
+    ev, _ = _make_synthetic_event()
+
+    rec = {
+        "filename":           "M529LKIQ.7M0W",
+        "filesize":           8708,
+        "a5_pickle_filename": "M529LKIQ.7M0W.a5.pkl",
+    }
+    inserted, skipped = db.insert_events(
+        [ev],
+        serial="BE11529",
+        waveform_records={ev._waveform_key.hex(): rec},
+    )
+    assert inserted == 1
+    assert skipped == 0
+
+    rows = db.query_events(serial="BE11529")
+    assert len(rows) == 1
+    row = rows[0]
+    assert row["blastware_filename"] == rec["filename"]
+    assert row["blastware_filesize"] == rec["filesize"]
+    assert row["a5_pickle_filename"] == rec["a5_pickle_filename"]
+
+    # get_event by id returns the same fields
+    row2 = db.get_event(row["id"])
+    assert row2 is not None
+    assert row2["blastware_filename"] == rec["filename"]
+
+
+def test_seismodb_dedup_upserts_waveform_fields(tmp_path: Path):
+    """Re-inserting the same (serial, timestamp) refreshes waveform fields."""
+    from sfm.database import SeismoDb
+
+    db = SeismoDb(tmp_path / "seismo_relay.db")
+    ev, _ = _make_synthetic_event()
+
+    db.insert_events([ev], serial="BE11529")  # no waveform record yet
+    rows = db.query_events(serial="BE11529")
+    assert rows[0]["blastware_filename"] is None
+
+    rec = {
+        "filename":           "M529LKIQ.7M0W",
+        "filesize":           4242,
+        "a5_pickle_filename": "M529LKIQ.7M0W.a5.pkl",
+    }
+    inserted, skipped = db.insert_events(
+        [ev],
+        serial="BE11529",
+        waveform_records={ev._waveform_key.hex(): rec},
+    )
+    assert inserted == 0  # dedup'd
+    assert skipped == 1
+    rows = db.query_events(serial="BE11529")
+    assert rows[0]["blastware_filename"] == rec["filename"]
+    assert rows[0]["blastware_filesize"] == 4242
+
+
+def test_seismodb_migration_adds_columns(tmp_path: Path):
+    """An existing DB without the new columns gets them added on init."""
+    import sqlite3
+
+    db_path = tmp_path / "old.db"
+    # Build a "v0" events table without the new columns.
+    with sqlite3.connect(str(db_path)) as conn:
+        conn.executescript("""
+            CREATE TABLE events (
+                id              TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                serial          TEXT NOT NULL,
+                waveform_key    TEXT NOT NULL,
+                session_id      TEXT,
+                timestamp       TEXT,
+                tran_ppv        REAL,
+                vert_ppv        REAL,
+                long_ppv        REAL,
+                peak_vector_sum REAL,
+                mic_ppv         REAL,
+                project         TEXT,
+                client          TEXT,
+                operator        TEXT,
+                sensor_location TEXT,
+                sample_rate     INTEGER,
+                record_type     TEXT,
+                false_trigger   INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+                created_at      TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', 'now')),
+                UNIQUE(serial, timestamp)
+            );
+            INSERT INTO events
+                (id, serial, waveform_key, timestamp)
+              VALUES
+                ('legacy-id', 'BE11529', '01110000',
+                 '2026-04-01T12:00:00');
+        """)
+
+    # Initialise SeismoDb against the old DB — migration should run.
+    from sfm.database import SeismoDb
+
+    db = SeismoDb(db_path)
+    rows = db.query_events(serial="BE11529")
+    assert len(rows) == 1
+    assert rows[0]["blastware_filename"] is None
+    assert "blastware_filesize" in rows[0]
+    assert "a5_pickle_filename" in rows[0]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if pytest is not None:
+        pytest.main([__file__, "-v"])
+    else:
+        # Standalone runner — does not require pytest.
+        import inspect
+        import tempfile
+        import traceback as _tb
+
+        passed = failed = 0
+        for _name, _fn in sorted(globals().items()):
+            if not _name.startswith("test_") or not callable(_fn):
+                continue
+            try:
+                _sig = inspect.signature(_fn)
+                if "tmp_path" in _sig.parameters:
+                    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as _td:
+                        _fn(Path(_td))
+                else:
+                    _fn()
+                print(f"PASS  {_name}")
+                passed += 1
+            except Exception:
+                print(f"FAIL  {_name}")
+                _tb.print_exc()
+                failed += 1
+        print(f"\n{passed} passed, {failed} failed")
+        sys.exit(0 if failed == 0 else 1)