seismo-relay/docs/offset_investigation.md

# The "offset" fault — investigation journal

> ## ⚠ CORRECTED 2026-08-28 (same day) — the v1 detector was wrong
>
> Brian pushed back on the finding that offsets "come and go": in the field,
> once a unit develops one it stays broken until the geophone is replaced.
> He was right, and the challenge exposed **two real flaws** in the v1 detector:
>
> 1. **It scored only the axis with the largest peak.** A real event on one axis
>    hid a persistent pedestal on another. BE12599 on 2026-08-21 read "clean"
>    solely because Long had a 1.065 in/s event — Tran was sitting at
>    **+0.4732 in/s** at that moment and was never examined.
> 2. **It used the MEAN**, which a real transient perturbs. The **median** is the
>    resting baseline — most samples sit at it, so a blast does not move it.
>    Same event, Long channel: mean **+0.0783** vs median **-0.0050**.
>
> Both flaws manufactured false recoveries. The corrected detector
> (`scratch/offset_scan2.py`, per-channel median) shows the pedestal is
> **persistent**, exactly as the field experience says. See §2b and §3b.
>
> **Then Brian proposed a better detector still** — measure the floor during
> the *pre-trigger* window, and require it to hold across pre/middle/end.
> That is now the detector of record (§2c). Final answer: **5 of 45 units
> (11%)**, stable across a 2x threshold range.
>
> Sections below that were written against v1 are marked; v1 numbers are kept
> for the reasoning trail, not as current fact.

A running record of the **offset** hardware fault on Instantel Series III
seismographs: a geophone channel whose trace sits displaced from zero rather
than centred on it.

This is a *journal*, not a spec. Findings are dated, dead ends are kept with
the reason they died, and every number says where it came from. When something
here is superseded, strike it and say why rather than deleting it — the point
is that a future session can tell what was actually established from what was
merely believed at the time.

Companion material:
- `scratch/offset_scan.py` — the detector
- `scratch/verify_against_ascii.py` — decoder verification harness
- `docs/instantel_protocol_reference.md` — wire protocol, incl. the
  unimplemented `SUB 0x0E` this investigation now wants

---

## TL;DR (current state, 2026-08-28)

- **It is real device data, not a decode bug.** Settled early and confirmed
  against Blastware's own ASCII exports.
- **Base rate: 5–6 of 45 units (11–13%)** across the full DL2 archive,
  2018–2026. This *confirms* the earlier 2-of-21 (9.5%) estimate from the much
  smaller Terra-View DB — survivorship bias from deleted events had **not**
  concealed a wave of cases.
- **The fault is bimodal, not a drift continuum.** A unit is either clean or
  grossly off. Loosening the amplitude threshold 11× adds no new units.
- **The unit's own sensor check cannot see it.** 102 offset events, zero
  sensor-check failures. Do not try to use it as a screen.
- **Cause is still unsettled.** Instantel's autozero fixes the minority of
  cases; the rest are hardware. We cannot yet tell which is which remotely.
- **The histogram corpus (63,535 files, 9.7x the waveforms) is now scanned too** —
  see §8b. It independently confirms BE18438 and BE9558 with a clean 2.5x
  separation, but detects only **2 of the 5** confirmed units, cannot attribute a
  channel, and resolves time to ~a month. **A negative histogram result is not
  evidence of health** — DC leakage into the interval peak varies 45x between units.
- **`offset_scan3.py` has a label defect** (§8b): its spread gate discards 18.8% of
  high-|pre| rows onto units currently counted as clean. Re-cut before quoting any
  precision number again.
- **Best open lead:** `SUB 0x0E` (channel sensor data, 8 channels × 10 bytes,
  unimplemented) may carry the very numbers Instantel says to check against
  **2027–2069**. Untested.

---

## 1. What the fault looks like

A healthy geophone trace is centred on zero. An offset channel is parked away
from zero, so the channel **mean approaches its own peak**. In Blastware the
signature is "parallel lines above or below the zero line" (Instantel's own
wording).

Consequences observed in the field:
- The unit can **self-trigger on its own offset** when the displacement exceeds
  the geo trigger level, producing streams of junk events with no ground
  motion. Instantel has a separate FAQ for this symptom (13-0-22, *"Unit
  triggers continuously without activity"*).
- Recorded PPV for that channel is meaningless while the fault persists.

---

## 2. The detector

Implemented in `scratch/offset_scan.py`. Operates on raw BW binaries only — no
DB, no sidecars.

```
for each series-3 waveform binary:
    decode -> per-channel ADC counts
    dominant axis = channel with the largest |peak|
    flag when   |mean| / peak  >  0.70
          and   |mean|         >= 0.90 x the unit's geo trigger level
episodes = per-serial runs of flagged events, split on a >12 h gap
```

Why each term:

| term | purpose |
|---|---|
| `\|mean\|/peak > 0.7` | the discriminator. A DC-parked trace has mean ≈ peak. |
| `\|mean\| >= 0.9 × trigger` | amplitude floor — suppresses quiet traces where mean and peak are both tiny and the ratio is meaningless. |
| dominant axis only | the fault is per-channel; scoring all three dilutes it. |
| 12 h episode gap | separates deployments/visits rather than counting events. |

Trigger level comes from a paired `_ASCII.TXT` when one exists, else the
per-serial median learned from that unit's ASCII files, else 0.2 in/s.

**Known limitation.** Event traces contain real ground motion, so this can only
see offsets large enough to *dominate* the trace. A mild offset on a real blast
is invisible. Instantel's A/D-mode check (§5) is the only thing that sees the
mild end. Our base rate is therefore a **gross-offset** rate.

### 2b. Detector v2 — per-channel median (CURRENT)

`scratch/offset_scan2.py`. Supersedes the above.

```
for each series-3 waveform binary:
    for each geo channel independently:
        pedestal = median(samples)          # resting baseline, robust to blasts
        flag the CHANNEL when |pedestal| >= 0.025 in/s   (5 A/D counts)
a unit has a real fault when a channel is flagged on >=3 CONSECUTIVE events
```

Why median: a DC pedestal shifts every sample, so it moves the median. A real
event moves only a minority of samples, so it does not. This removes the need
for the `m/p` ratio guard entirely — that guard existed only to compensate for
using the mean.

Why per-channel: the fault is on one geophone axis. Scoring only the dominant
axis means any event with motion elsewhere hides it.

Why "3 consecutive": the 0.025 in/s floor is only ~2x a healthy channel's
resting median (observed 0.010-0.015), so isolated flags are noise. Persistence
is the discriminator — and it is what the field experience predicts.

---

## 3b. Archive results, corrected (v2)

| | v1 (dominant axis, mean) | **v2 (per-channel median)** |
|---|---|---|
| units with any flagged event | 6 of 45 | 19 of 45 |
| **units with a sustained pedestal (>=3 consecutive)** | — | **8 of 45 (18%)** |
| runs of >=3 consecutive | — | 29 |
| runs of 1-2 events (noise) | — | 69 |

Units with a sustained pedestal: **BE9558, BA10895, BE11007, BE11529, BE12599,
BE13117, BE18003, BE18438**. BA10895 and BE18003 were invisible to v1.

**The affected channel is most often Vert**, which v1 got wrong — it named
whichever axis had the largest peak. BE13117 and BE18438 are both Vert faults.

Longest / clearest runs:

| unit | ch | span | events | median in/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE13117 | Vert | 2023-05-03 → 05-04 | 194 | 0.035 → **1.915** |
| BE18438 | Vert | 2026-02-25 → 02-26 | 75 | 0.180 → 0.370 |
| BE9558 | Vert | 2020-02-11 (6 h) | 33 | 0.065 → 0.090 |
| BE12599 | Tran | 2026-08-14 → 08-23 | 8 | 0.030 → **0.565** |
| BE18003 | Vert | 2021-03-17 → 06-11 | 3 | 0.040 → 0.060 |

BE12599 began **2026-08-14**, not 08-17 as v1 reported, and was still faulting
at the last event in the archive.

### 2c. Detector v3 — PRE-TRIGGER floor + constant-floor test (CURRENT)

`scratch/offset_scan3.py`. Brian's method, and better than v2 for a reason
worth naming: **the pre-trigger window is definitionally quiet** — it is the
buffer captured before the trigger fired — whereas a whole-record median is
merely *robust* to the event. `pretrig_samples` comes from the STRT record.

```
per channel:
    pre    = median of the first pretrig_samples samples
    mid    = median of the middle third
    end    = median of the final third
    spread = max(pre,mid,end) - min(pre,mid,end)

    offset when  |pre| >= floor  AND  spread <= 0.02 in/s
real fault when a channel is flagged on >=3 CONSECUTIVE events
```

A DC offset is a **constant floor** — present before the trigger, during, and
after. The spread test rejects transients (settling, handling, a long event
tail) that move one segment relative to the others, which is what v2's
whole-record median could not do.

**The empirical noise floor justifies the threshold.** Across 19,244
non-flagged channel-events the pre-trigger floor distributes as:

| floor | share |
|---|---|
| −1 unit (−0.005) | 18.4% |
| **0.000** | **62.7%** |
| +1 unit (+0.005) | 13.4% |

**94.5% within ±1 quantisation unit; median exactly +0.0000, mean −0.0008.**
So there is **no systematic zero-point bias in the decoder** — an independent
confirmation of the 32000-count scale. A healthy channel really does read
0.000, and "any constant floor that is not 0.000" is the right signal, with
±1 unit of slack for quantisation.

**The result is threshold-insensitive**, which is what distinguishes a real
signal from a tuned one:

| floor | units flagged | sustained units |
|---|---|---|
| 2 units (0.010) | 34 | 15 ← into the noise |
| 3 units (0.015) | 26 | 8 |
| **4 units (0.020)** | 17 | **5** |
| **5 units (0.025)** — Instantel's | 12 | **5** |
| **8 units (0.040)** | 8 | **5** |

### FINAL RESULT: 5 of 45 units (11%)

**BE9558, BE11529, BE12599, BE13117, BE18438.**

Unchanged across a 2x threshold range. BE11007 and BA10895 drop out — the
spread test identifies them as transients, not pedestals.

The 11% headline happens to match v1's, but the reasoning and the unit list
differ: v1 included BE11007 and named the wrong *channel* on most units.

---

## 3. Archive results (2026-08-28)

Source: DL2 event export, 6,577 **unique** series-3 waveforms, 45 units.
See [`dl2-archive`](#8-data-and-tooling) for the `Sent/` mirror trap.

**283 suspect events, 15 episodes, 6 of 45 units (13.3%).**
Excluding BE11007 (§4, likely not an offset at all): **5 of 45 = 11.1%**.

### Threshold sensitivity — the bimodality result

Re-scoring the same corpus at a range of amplitude floors, with two
ratio cut-offs (1 A/D count = 0.005 in/s, see §5):

| \|offset\| floor | m/p > 0.7 | m/p > 0.9 |
|---|---|---|
| 5 cts (0.025 in/s) — *Instantel's own* | 333 ev / 6 units | 279 ev / **5 units** |
| 10 cts (0.050) | 294 / 6 | 274 / 5 |
| 20 cts (0.100) | 250 / 5 | 244 / 4 |
| 40 cts (0.200) | 209 / 5 | 203 / 4 |
| 80 cts (0.400) | 152 / 4 | 148 / 2 |
| 160 cts (0.800) | 144 / 2 | 141 / 1 |

Relaxing the floor by 11× (0.27 → 0.025 in/s) adds ~14% more events and **no
new units**. There is no population of mild offsets hiding below our threshold
*in event data*. Either a unit is clean or it is grossly off.

---

## 4. Per-unit case files

Ordered by severity. `m/p` medians are on the offending channel.

### BE13117 — one violent day, never again
`145 / 454 events (32%)`, **1 episode**, 2023-05-04, 6.8 h.
Offset climbed **0.393 → 1.875 in/s within the episode**. `m/p` median
**0.996** — the trace is almost pure DC. No recurrence in the rest of its 454
events. No ASCII files in the archive, so no calibration history.

### BE18438 — recurring, months apart
`87 / 293 (30%)`, **2 episodes**: 2025-11-15 (1.2 h, n=12, 0.279 → 0.369) and
2026-02-25 (**28.8 h**, n=75, 0.183 → 0.366). `m/p` median 0.967.
Clean across all 196 events preceding its 2025-08-12 calibration.

### BE9558 — six years apart
`38 / 196 (19%)`, **4 episodes**: 2020-02-11 (6.3 h, n=33, but only
0.068 → 0.086 — very mild), then 2026-04-14, 2026-04-29, 2026-05-04
(0.28–0.45). `m/p` median 0.919. Calibrated 2026-06-26; 0/7 events flagged
after, but n=7 is far too small to call it fixed.

### BE12599 — the live case ⚠
`6 / 77 (8%)`, **6 single-event episodes, one per day at exactly 05:00**,
2026-08-17 → 2026-08-23. Offset rose 0.383 → 0.565 then fell back to 0.345.
`m/p` ≈ 0.965, geo trigger 0.3 in/s — **the offset exceeds the trigger level,
so the unit is triggering on its own fault**. Last calibrated 2025-08-12.

This is the most recent and the most useful: a currently-faulting unit is the
natural experiment for the re-zero-vs-repair question (§7).

### BE11529 — marginal
`4 / 99 (4%)`, 1 episode 2025-07-08, 0.4 h, offsets only 0.051 → 0.058 in/s.
`m/p` median 0.959, so DC-dominated, but the magnitude is near the noise of
this method. Treat as unconfirmed.

### BE11007 — probably NOT an offset
`3 / 70 (4%)`, 1 episode 2022-01-17, offsets 5.500 → 6.904 in/s — by far the
largest. But `m/p` is only **0.719–0.738** against ≥0.9 for every other unit,
and the peaks are 7.6–9.4 in/s on a 10 in/s range. That reads as a **large
real blast with asymmetric ground motion**, not a parked trace. Excluded from
the headline base rate.

---

## 5. Instantel's own procedure and thresholds

From two Instantel technical-support FAQs supplied 2026-08-28
(answers **13-0-21** *"How to determine offsets"* and **12-0-10** *"Removing
offsets on an Instantel Series III monitor"*; created 2008/2007, last updated
2009-03-06).

### Identifying (13-0-21)

1. Create or use an event with the **manual minimum trigger** set for the
   connected geophone and microphone — i.e. an event that recorded no real data.
2. Save it and open in Blastware.
3. An offset shows as **parallel lines above or below the zero line**.
4. Put the unit in **A/D mode** — on Series III, press and hold `OPTION`, then
   press `START MONITOR`.
5. **Display counts higher than 5**, with no vibration or overpressure present,
   indicate an offset.

### Removing — the autozero (12-0-10)

1. Be in a **quiet area with low vibration**.
2. Power on the Blastmate III / Minimate Plus.
3. Connect the geophone and microphone — **LINEAR mic only**.
   ⚠ *Do not connect an "A" weight microphone, regardless of what the monitor
   displays.*
4. Press `Test`.
5. Wait for the **Sensor Check** results to appear.
6. Press `OPTION` and `START MONITOR` **simultaneously**.
7. `Performing Autozero` appears; press `Enter`.
8. Confirm the sensors are properly connected; press `Enter`.
9. Wait for the autozero to complete.
10. Press `Enter` twice → Main Menu, *Ready To Monitor*, offset corrected.

### The go/no-go number — 2027 to 2069

> When you perform an Autozero on any Series III unit, the lists of numbers in
> the **X1 and X8 gains should all be between 2027 and 2069**. If not, repeat
> the Autozero. **If the numbers are extremely out of the specified range, then
> the unit should be sent in for repair.**
>
> If this process does not remove the offset problem, return the unit **and
> sensors** to Instantel for repair.

This is the documented explanation for the field experience (Brian's dad,
2026-08-28) that **a re-zero works maybe 10% of the time** — the autozero only
recovers units whose zero reference is still near-correct.

### Scale derivation (inference, well-supported — not proven)

2048 is 12-bit midscale. Our codec's geo full scale is 32000 internal counts =
10 in/s, with 1 decoder unit = 16 counts = exactly 0.005 in/s
(`geo-full-scale-is-32000-counts`). ±2000 A/D counts about 2048 therefore maps
to ±10 in/s at **0.005 in/s per A/D count**. That makes:

- Instantel's ">5 counts" threshold ≈ **0.025 in/s**
- the 2027–2069 window = **±21 counts = ±0.105 in/s** of tolerated zero error

Consistent and mutually corroborating, but we have not confirmed the A/D-count
scale directly from a device reading.

---

## 6. Ruled out — keep these dead

### Condensation / humidity — DEAD (2026-08-25)
Proposed, then killed by its own controls: BE18438 stayed flat across a 10-hour
overnight gap, and only 2 of 21 units showed the fault while 19 sat in the same
weather. The apparent "diurnal cycle" was an artifact of binning by hour-of-day
across two days. See `waveform-dc-offset-is-real-device-data`.

### Clipping as a false-positive source — RULED OUT (2026-08-28)
A rail-hitting trace would fake an offset (mean → peak). It isn't happening:
median suspect peak is only **10% of full scale**, p90 is 18.6%. Only BE11007's
3 events exceed 50% FS, and none reach 98%.

### The sensor check as a predictor — DOES NOT WORK (2026-08-28)
Tested on 102 offset events across 4 units:

| unit | state | n | failed | median ratio | median freq |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE11529 | offset | 4 | **0** | 3.90 | 7.6 |
| BE11529 | clean | 14 | 0 | 3.80 | 7.5 |
| BE12599 | offset | 6 | **0** | 4.00 | 7.4 |
| BE12599 | clean | 13 | 0 | 4.00 | 7.6 |
| BE18438 | offset | 87 | **0** | 3.70 | 7.6 |
| BE18438 | clean | 25 | 0 | 3.80 | 7.5 |
| BE9558 | offset | 5 | **0** | 3.90 | 7.8 |
| BE9558 | clean | 44 | 0 | 3.80 | 7.5 |

Zero failures on either side and indistinguishable ratios/frequencies. The
swing test measures geophone frequency response and damping — it never examines
DC zero. **A grossly offset unit passes its own self-check.** This is why the
fault goes unnoticed until somebody looks at waveforms.

### "Offsets are transient / come and go on their own" — RETRACTED 2026-08-28
v1 reported episodes lasting hours that ended spontaneously. **This was an
artifact of the v1 detector** (see the banner at the top). With the per-channel
median, the pedestal persists. Every clear case reads clean again only after a
multi-day-to-multi-month gap consistent with service: BE13117 6 days, BE18438
24 days, BE9558 63 days **with a confirmed Instantel calibration inside the
gap**. BE12599 never reads clean — it is still faulting at the end of the
archive. This matches the operational experience: once a unit develops an
offset it stays broken until the geophone is replaced.

### "Offsets develop N months after calibration" — CONFOUNDED, NOT A FINDING
Tempting, and it looked strong:

| unit | suspect before latest cal | after |
|---|---|---|
| BE18438 | 0 / 196 | 87 / 97 |
| BE12599 | 0 / 62 | 6 / 15 |
| BE11529 | 0 / 82 | 4 / 17 |
| BE9558 | 38 / 189 | 0 / 7 |

But bucketing suspects by months-since-calibration gives **one unit per bucket**:
`0–3mo={BE11529}`, `3–6 & 6–9mo={BE18438}`, `9–12mo={BE9558}`,
`12–15mo={BE12599}`. The apparent "51% failure rate at 6–9 months" is entirely
BE18438's single February 2026 episode. Five units with roughly one episode
each cannot support a population trend. **Do not re-derive this.**

Also note: all affected units are calibrated on a **~12–13 month cadence**, so
"sent to Instantel" is the routine annual schedule, not evidence of a
fault-driven return.

---

## 7. Open questions

### Q1 — Is it a latched bad zero or analog degradation?
The question that decides everything. A latched zero is correctable (possibly
over the wire); degradation means a repair. Instantel's 2027–2069 rule implies
*both* populations exist, with the split roughly 10/90 in the field.

**BE12599 is the natural experiment** — faulting as of 2026-08-23. Read its
values, run the autozero, read them again.

### Q2 — Can we read the autozero numbers over the wire? (best lead)
Instantel says to check *"the lists of numbers in the **X1 and X8 gains**"* —
4 sensors × 2 gains = **8 channels**. The protocol reference already documents
an unimplemented command with exactly that shape:

```
SUB 0x0E  ->  RSP 0xF1     "channel sensor data"
  2-step read; channel selector in params[6:8] = 0x0000..0x0007
  data length 0x0A (10 bytes) per channel
```

Blastware's *Unit Channel Test* sequence:
`POLL×N → 0x15 → 0x01 → 0x08 → 0x01 → 0x0E×8 → 0x98×2 → 0x0E×8`
— note the **second `0x0E` pass carries live ADC readings**.

**Hypothesis (untested):** `0x0E` returns the numbers Instantel wants compared
against 2027–2069. If true, SFM could diagnose an offset remotely *and* predict
whether a re-zero will succeed — converting a 10%/90% shipping gamble into a
decision made before packing a box.

**How to test.** `bridges/ach_mitm.py` is a generic TCP proxy:

```bash
python bridges/ach_mitm.py --bw-host <MODEM_IP> --bw-port 9034 --listen-port 9999
```

Point Blastware at the proxy and run **Unit Channel Test**.
⚠ In this topology the output filenames are reversed — the tool labels the
*connecting* side "unit", so `raw_s3_*.bin` holds Blastware's bytes and
`raw_bw_*.bin` the unit's.

Capture priority: (1) BE12599 while faulting, (2) a known-good unit as control,
(3) before/after an autozero on the same unit. Eight 10-byte payloads with an
expected value near 2048 is a very constrained puzzle.

### Q3 — What is the mild-offset rate?
Unmeasurable from event files (§2). Only the A/D-mode check sees it. Would
need a fleet sweep in A/D mode, or Q2 to succeed.

### Q4 — Does an offset recur on the same unit after service?
BE9558 shows episodes in 2020 and 2026; BE18438 twice in four months. Suggestive
of recurrence, but service records aren't in the data — only calibration dates.

---

## 8. Data and tooling

| what | where |
|---|---|
| detector | `scratch/offset_scan.py` |
| current results | `/home/serversdown/dl2-archive/offset_archive.csv` |
| earlier candidate list (Terra-View DB, 274 events) | `scratch/offset_candidates.csv` |
| archive working copy | `/home/serversdown/dl2-archive/files/` |
| archive source | NAS `DeathStar` 10.0.0.2, `/volume1/Uploads/TMI/DL2-Event-backup-8-25-26/Event/autocall home/` |

⚠ **The DL2 export keeps a byte-identical `Sent/` mirror of its root.** 13,077
waveform paths are 6,577 distinct files. Always dedupe by basename — this
doubled two reported figures before it was caught.

---

## 8b. The histogram corpus — the other 90% of the archive (2026-09-04)

Every result above §8 comes from **waveform** files. `offset_scan3.py` filters on
`\.[A-Za-z0-9]{2}0[Ww]$`, so the corpus it scanned is 6,577 unique binaries. The
archive also holds **63,535 unique histograms** — 9.7x more files — which the
pre-trigger method cannot touch, because a histogram carries no samples: only a
per-interval, per-channel peak and half-period.

`scratch/offset_hist_scan.py` scans them. **63,505 of 63,535 decoded (99.95%),
43 units, 77.9M intervals.** Two of the 45 units have no histograms at all.
Output: `/home/serversdown/dl2-archive/offset_hist.csv` (190,515 channel-rows).

### The premise, and how far it actually holds

A histogram file is hours of continuous monitoring, so most of its intervals are
definitionally quiet, and a channel parked off zero cannot report a peak below
its own displacement. The signal is real — two within-unit contrasts, siblings
unmoved in both:

| unit | channel | in-episode floor | outside | waveform \|pre\| same window |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE18438 | Vert | 0.0350 | 0.0050 | +0.18 .. +0.37 |
| BE12599 | Tran | 0.0250 | 0.0050 | +0.03 .. +0.49 |

But the **leakage from a waveform pedestal into the histogram floor is bimodal,
not merely partial**: measured ratio ~0.9 on BE18438 Vert, ~0.7 on BE9558,
**~0.02 on BE12599** — two orders of magnitude on one instrument. The device
evidently measures each interval peak against a running baseline, and how much
DC survives that varies per unit. **Consequence: a negative histogram result
carries almost no information.** Do not read "clean in the histograms" as clean.

### The detector that survived

    dmin(file, ch) = min[ch] - min over the other two geo channels, SAME file
    gates (both hard):  n_intervals >= 60   AND   mic_p5 <= 5 raw counts
    day statistic:      median of dmin over that day's qualifying files
    flag day at        dmin >= 0.020 in/s (4 A/D counts)
    episode at         >= 3 CONSECUTIVE observed days

**Result: BE18438|Vert, BE9558|Tran, BE9558|Long.** Threshold-insensitive —
the journal's own test for a real signal against a tuned one — and this is the
first operating point in the investigation that passes it cleanly. The identical
answer holds across: statistic `min` or `p5`; length gate 10/30/60/120/300; mic
gate 3/5/8/10; threshold 0.015–0.035 (a 2.3x span); persistence K = 2,3,4,5,7.

Separation, ranked by highest floor sustained over 3 consecutive gated days
across all 135 unit-channels:

| unit-channel | best3 |
|---|---|
| BE18438 Vert | 0.1650 |
| BE9558 Long | 0.0350 |
| BE9558 Tran | 0.0250 |
| *(2.5x gap)* | |
| BE7145 Tran | 0.0100 |
| entire rest of fleet | <= 0.0050 (one quantisation count) |

Day-level false alarm: **37 of 99,432 gated unit-channel-days = 0.037%.**

### What it does NOT do — read this before trusting it

- **It finds 2 of the 5 confirmed units, not 5.** The site-quiet gate is what
  makes it work and it is also what costs BE11529 and BE12599. BE11529's
  four-day single-axis ramp (Tran 0.025 -> 0.055, both siblings pinned at 0.005)
  is the most offset-shaped thing in the corpus outside the two detections, and
  the gate discards it.
- **The positive class is two units.** Every threshold here is fitted to
  BE18438 and BE9558, which contribute 22 of the 37 flagged days in the entire
  corpus. No cross-validation is possible at n=2.
- **Per-channel attribution is NOT established.** Rotating the three geo channel
  labels within each file — preserving every value, file and day, destroying
  only channel identity — reproduces the episode *count* with p = 0.769 and the
  label agreement at p = 0.038–0.077. Report a **unit and a window**; do not
  name a geophone axis on the strength of this detector alone.
- **Timing resolution is ~1 month, not ~1 day.** A 30-day label shift still
  scores 2 of 9 episode hits; the signal dies only past ~60 days. The day-level
  series look far crisper than they are.
- **Ground truth here is a sibling detector, not a service record.** Agreement
  between the two corpora is corroboration of a shared method. Nothing in this
  section has been checked against an actual repair, calibration or RMA.

### Dead ends — keep these dead

- **Absolute floor (min / p1 / p5 / p10 / p25, thresholded alone) — RETIRED.**
  Not fleet-comparable and mostly not about the channel. Scoring each cell using
  *only the other two channels* — a statistic containing zero information about
  the suspect channel — reaches AUC 0.746 against the same labels, versus 0.872
  for the absolute floor itself. **66% of its apparent discrimination is "that
  day was noisy at that site."** Interval size alone moves its p99 7x (0.0350 at
  1 min vs 0.0050 at 2 s). And of all files with any channel above 0.025, 56.5%
  have **all three** channels above it — common-mode, i.e. the wrong physics.
- **Zero-fraction — STRUCTURALLY IMPOSSIBLE, not merely weak.** The device never
  reports a zero histogram interval peak. The value is a max over hundreds of
  samples of a channel that always carries at least 1 count of noise, so it is
  clamped at 1 A/D count (0.005 in/s). There is no zero to count.
- **Interval size, sample rate, geo range, firmware — refuted as confounds for
  the differential.** All four are *file-level scalars*: they move all three geo
  channels together, so they cannot produce a single-channel lift and the
  within-file differential is immune to them by construction. Geo range is
  identical across the three geo channels in **63,535 of 63,535** binaries.
  (Interval size remains fatal to the *absolute*-floor version, above.)

### Two findings that are independent of the histogram detector

**1. `offset_scan3.py`'s `spread <= 0.02` gate is discarding real signal.**
It rejects **113 of the 600 channel-rows with |pre| >= 0.025 (18.8%)**, and the
rejections are not random — 92 of them fall across 41 unit-channels currently
labelled NEGATIVE. Four would become sustained positives under an
amplitude-only >=3-consecutive rule: **BE12599|Long (run of 8), BE18003|Vert
(4), BA10895|Vert (3), BE12844|Tran (3).** Until this is re-cut, the fleet label
is **three-state — POSITIVE / NEGATIVE / SPREAD-REJECTED(unknown)** — and the
third state should be excluded from both TP and FP counts rather than silently
scored as healthy. Every precision figure computed against the two-state label,
in this section and in §3, is affected.

**2. The waveform corpus sees ~7% of the days a unit was deployed.** 2,627
(unit, day) observations against the histogram corpus's 35,105 — 13.4x — with a
per-unit median ratio of 0.070. BE12599, a confirmed unit, is waveform-observed
on 39 of its 1,666 histogram-observed days (**2.3%**). Any statement of the form
"the fault was absent before date X" that rests on waveform coverage alone is
much weaker than its event count suggests.

### BA10895 — reclassified (see also §4)

Previously dismissed as a transient. The histogram record shows its **Vert**
quiet-minute floor at 0.005 on 62/62 qualifying files from 2023-07-07, then
0.010–0.015 on 48/58 files from 2023-08-03 to 08-27, while Tran moves on 2/58
and Long on 9/58 and the site mic floor never leaves 1–3 counts. Independently,
**42 of its 85 waveform events (49.4%) are single-axis-dominant** — one geo peak
>= 10x both siblings and >= 0.05 in/s — the **highest rate in the 45-unit
fleet** (BE13117 36.1%, BE18438 29.4%), and **100% of it on Vert**. Vert
excursions of 0.1–1.5 in/s with Tran/Long at 0.005–0.035 are not ground motion.

This is a genuine Vert-channel hardware fault, but **not the classic pedestal** —
the differential is only one A/D count. Caveat: its entire histogram record is a
single 52-day deployment ending 2023-08-27, so nothing says whether it
persisted, was serviced, or resolved.

The other six marginal units — BE11007, BE17354, BE18004, BE18104, BE9557,
BE18003 — are **clean**. All seven cap at +0.005 to +0.007 (one A/D count)
lifetime under the quiet-site gate, against +0.175 for BE18438 Vert and +0.062
for BE9558 Long. Three individual waveform flags fall in windows with **zero**
histogram coverage and are NO-DATA, not clean: BE18004|Tran 2024-10-16,
BE9557|Tran 2021-06-28, BE9557|Vert 2025-06-12.

### Still open in this section

- **The 11 thin-coverage units were not screened** (BE10202, BE11462, BE13779,
  BE15760, BA15957, BE16754, BE16758, BE8081, BE8626, BA9229, BE9887 — each
  under 20 waveform events, several with hundreds of histograms). This is the
  population most likely to hold a previously unknown offset, and it is the one
  slice of the plan that did not run. BE11462 was incidentally scored clean by
  the full-archive pass; BE10202 has no histogram files at all.
- **No completeness audit was run** over the above.
- Re-cutting the ground truth three-state (finding 1) and re-scoring everything
  against it.

---

## 8c. Mechanism — five hypotheses tested, all dead (2026-09-06)

**The mechanism is still unknown.** Five campaigns, ~105 effectively independent
tests, seven nominally significant results against **5.2 expected by chance**
under a global null. Every one died to its own confound analysis. What the
campaign bought is a set of *shape constraints* and a long list of dead ends.

### ⚠ Two things retracted from this journal

**1. "Polarity is perfectly consistent — 11 of 11, zero mixed cases."** That is
a **tautology of the spread gate**, not a property of the fault. `spread <= 0.02`
requires pre/mid/end to agree, which forces one sign. Amplitude-only at the same
0.025 threshold: **12 of 53 unit-channels are mixed**, including BE18438|Vert
(88+/1−) and BE9558|Vert (1+/35−). Withdrawn.

**2. "5 of 45 units, unchanged across a 2x threshold range."** The
threshold-insensitivity is also a property of the gate. Amplitude-only gives
**9 units at 0.020, 8 at 0.025** (adding BA10895, BE12844, BE18003), 5 at 0.040.
The fleet is **8–9 units, not 5**.

**3. "Persistent — it stays until the geophone is serviced."** Weakened, not
withdrawn. There are **23 recoveries after runs of >=3 flagged events, median
gap 6.03 days**, three inside ten minutes. BE18438|Vert reads `pre=mid=end=
+0.0000` on 2026-02-10, +0.185→+0.370 across 02-25/26, and `+0.0000` again on
2026-03-22 — identical Project, Seis Loc, calibration date, geo range and
trigger throughout. The one thing that cannot be excluded is a **field
autozero**: it is a button sequence at the unit and writes nothing into the
event header. So "persistent" may be "persistent unless somebody pressed the
buttons," and the archive cannot tell those apart.

### The one positive finding: onset is a RAMP, minutes to hours

Both onsets resolvable at minute cadence are ramps. **BE18438|Vert,
2026-02-20** — the histogram corpus collapses a 14 d 21 h waveform bracket to
**one minute**:

```
~14,200 consecutive quiet minutes at 0.000–0.005   (ten full daily files)
09:32 +0.005   09:39 +0.045   10:20 +0.125   16:00 +0.165
09:33 +0.010   09:42 +0.070   13:13 +0.150   20:17 +0.185  plateau
```

**50% of the excursion in 7 minutes**, the rest asymptotic over ~10 h, **>=25
distinct one-minute intermediates**. Validated **75/75** against Blastware's own
ASCII export. Its 2025-11-15 onset is the same shape over 2.7 h. BE13117 stage B
is a 91-minute monotone rise, +0.035 → +1.745 in/s over ~40 samples.

**This kills both poles of the original dichotomy** (journal Q1): not an
instantaneous latched step (a bad autozero, a stuck trim-DAC), and not slow
component degradation over days or weeks.

⚠ It rests on **2 of 45 instruments**. Clopper-Pearson on 4/4 resolved onsets
gives 95% CI [0.40, 1.00] — a mixed population with up to 60% true steps is not
excluded. BE13117 has zero paired ASCII, so its ramp rests on our decoder alone.

### The methodological corollary — more important than the finding

**A waveform-only bracket manufactures the appearance of a step, and the spread
gate is blind to onsets by construction.**

The offset is what fires the trigger, so no waveform event can exist until the
ramp has nearly reached the trigger level. BE18438's first event of each episode
sits at 0.280 against a 0.300 trigger, and 0.185 against 0.200. At daily cadence
against a 3 h ramp, P(catching an intermediate) = **0.125**.

And `spread <= 0.02` rejects any record in which the floor is *moving* — which
is exactly what an onset is. **The gate rejected the very BE18438 record where
the ramp is visible.** If the operational goal is catching a fault early, before
the unit floods the store with junk events, the current detector is the wrong
shape for the job.

### The surviving shape

An **electrical, reversible, two-time-constant settling process** (~10 min and
~hours), saturating at a ceiling, with occasional sub-3-minute discrete jumps
superposed (BE18438 2026-02-26: 13:24 pre +0.180 / mid +0.240 / end +0.255 →
13:27 +0.325, identical metadata). That is the signature of a **bias or leakage
path charging a high-impedance node** — the class of fault Instantel's autozero
recovers ~10% of the time, and what the X1/X8 gains measure.

**It is a shape constraint, not a mechanism. Do not write it up as one.**

### Dead — with the evidence, so none of this is re-derived

| Killed | Evidence |
|---|---|
| **Latched step at onset** | >=25 one-minute intermediates over ~10 h, ASCII-validated. Direct observation, not a test. |
| **Slow degradation over days/weeks** | Same observation — bulk of the excursion in 7 min to 2.7 h. |
| **Thermal driving of pedestal magnitude** | BE13117, 365-count pedestal, n=128: full-day modulation **−0.42% ± 0.42%**, 95% CI [−1.25%, +0.40%]. Healthy-fleet seasonal zero drift totals **~0.3 A/D counts** — 15x to 1200x too small. Best-powered result in the campaign. |
| **Ground-motion shock** | 30-day window-max percentile ranks 0.03/0.98/0.15/0.01/0.68/0.24, median **0.194** against a null of 0.5. **0 of 7 events >=9 in/s** was followed by an onset within 30 d. BE12599 hit 10.220 in/s (2023-11) and 10.005 (2025-04) and did not onset until 2026-08-14. |
| **Handling / redeployment** | **0 of 9** onsets had a Project/Client/Seis Loc change. Widened to 30 d: 2 observed vs 4.90 expected, P(X>=2)=0.995 — *depleted*, the wrong direction. The apparent gap effect (p=0.035) died on histogram coverage: BE18438's "59.7-day gap" contains 122 histogram files; true silence 0.52 d. |
| **Mechanical resonance / damping change** | BE18438|Vert at a 64-count pedestal (3x outside Instantel's ±21): ΔTest-Freq **CI [−0.090, +0.021]** against 0.127 Hz for a real calibration. Block permutation p=0.658. |
| **Accumulated-duty threshold** | ~4 clean units logged more monitoring than the largest positive onset dose; BE18193 logged **13.45M intervals, 6.2x**. A counterexample — no power argument weakens it. |
| **Firmware** | **14,338 of 14,340** exports read `V 10.72-8.17`. A constant cannot explain a variable. |
| **Unit age** | Serial rank-sum 118.0 vs null 115.0, p=0.549; unchanged on the 8-unit re-cut (p=0.586). Serial is a poor age proxy anyway (Spearman +0.113 against archive entry). |
| **Strong seasonal clustering** | 25 onsets, exposure-weighted permutation **p=0.59**. Excludes >=75%-in-one-season only; a 2x seasonal hazard is *not* excluded. |

Also retire two overstated bounds. H6's dose-response exclusion "|r| > 0.03" is
a **10x overstatement** once clustering is corrected — the honest bound is
|r| > 0.1–0.3, so a real r=0.2 is not excluded. And **any statistic quoted
per-event**: 512 flagged channel-events collapse to **4.9 effective independent
observations** (unequal-cluster design effect 104.6 at ICC=1), and **55% of the
flagged corpus is one instrument on two calendar days** (BE13117, 2023-05-03/04).

### Power — read every negative in this section as bounded

Fisher exact, 5 positives of 45, one-sided α=0.05, exposure a third of the fleet:

| relative risk | power |
|---|---|
| 1.5 | 0.059 |
| 2 | 0.112 |
| 3 | 0.231 |
| 6 | 0.497 |
| 15 | 0.753 |

80% power needs **RR ≈ 13–20**. Even a *perfect* split reaches p<0.05 only if
the exposed group is <=25 of 45 units. **This archive can detect only
near-deterministic unit-level causes.** Every negative above excludes a strong
effect, not a real one.

### What this archive can NEVER answer

- **The A/D zero and the X1/X8 gains.** The 2027–2069 numbers appear in no file,
  header or decoded record. They exist only on a live device behind `SUB 0x0E`.
  Q1 is structurally unanswerable from data.
- **Unit-level vs component-level cause.** **Zero of 14,340** exports carry a
  geophone or sensor serial. Q4 is dead — there is no way to know whether the
  same physical geophone came back after service.
- **Service history.** The only service-adjacent field is `Calibration: <date>`
  — 30 distinct dates fleet-wide, none before 2023, ASCII corpus entirely
  2025–26. BE9558's 2020 and BE13117's 2023 episodes have no calibration record.
- **Temperature.** Zero exports carry it. Battery Level is a verified coarse
  thermometer (+0.204 V winter over summer, 20/20 unit-years, p=9.5e−7, matching
  lead-acid tempco) but quantised at 0.1 V ≈ 10 °C — useless within a day. The
  archive can *bound* thermal; it can never *test* it.
- **BE13117 specifically** — 55% of the flagged corpus, the largest pedestal at
  1.92 in/s, **zero** ASCII exports, histogram record ending eight months before
  its episode. The most informative case in the archive is permanently outside
  every metadata test.
- **The mild-offset rate**, and therefore the base rate's denominator. Event
  files only see offsets large enough to dominate the trace.

### The experiment to run — `SUB 0x0E`, one afternoon

Point Blastware at `bridges/ach_mitm.py` and run **Unit Channel Test** against
(1) a faulting unit, (2) a known-good control, (3) the same unit before and
after an autozero. BW's sequence is `0x0E x8 → 0x98 x2 → 0x0E x8`, the second
pass carrying live ADC. Eight 10-byte payloads with expected values near 2048 is
a very constrained puzzle.

- **Proves:** whether the X1/X8 gains are readable over the wire, and whether
  the fault sits at or upstream of the ADC zero reference. Gains walk out of
  2027–2069 with the pedestal → the fault *is* the zero reference, Q1 answered.
  Gains hold while the trace moves → the fault is downstream, look at the front
  end.
- **§8c hands it a falsifiable time course:** poll at ~1-minute cadence and the
  numbers should **ramp over minutes-to-hours, not step**. If they step while
  the trace ramps, the two are decoupled.
- **Payoff:** converts the 10%/90% ship-it-or-not gamble into a decision made
  before packing a box, remotely, for the whole fleet.
- ⚠ In the MITM topology filenames are reversed — `raw_s3_*.bin` holds
  Blastware's bytes.

**Second: swap the geophone** between a faulted base and a healthy one. Fault
follows the sensor → element or cable. Fault stays with the base → front-end
board. One afternoon, zero code, and it settles the one question the archive is
permanently blind to.

**Third: log a faulting unit for 72 h untouched.** Every recovery we have is
confounded by a possible field autozero. A shelf and a logger settles whether
the fault genuinely self-reverses.

**Fourth, free: re-cut the fleet label** — drop the spread gate, re-score
amplitude-only, screen the 11 unscreened thin-coverage units. Might reach 9–10
positives. Be honest about the gain: power against "older half carries 3x the
hazard" rises only 0.23 → 0.30.

**Highest-value item overall, and not an experiment: the RMA/repair records.**
Which unit went back, when, what was done (autozero vs geophone replaced vs
board), and the geophone serial fitted. "Same channel after a documented
geophone *replacement*" is component-level-negative in one observation.

---

### 8d. The non-motion test — Brian's "it doesn't cross zero" (2026-09-07)

Looking at BE12599's 2026-08-09 event, Brian noted it reports no ZC frequency
**because the trace never crosses zero**. That observation is the best detector
in this investigation, and it comes from physics rather than a threshold.

A geophone is a velocity sensor with no DC response, so its output over a record
must integrate to ~zero — the ground does not relocate. Real motion therefore
sits roughly half below zero. Anything electrical is one-sided.

    mp = |mean| / peak        ~0 for motion, ~1 for a fault
    frac_neg = share of samples < 0

`scratch/nonmotion_scan.py`, all 6,577 waveforms, 19,731 channel-rows.
Restricted to peak >= 0.05 in/s (n = 12,068), the distribution is **bimodal
with an empty middle**:

| mp band | channel-events |
|---|---|
| 0.0–0.1 | 11,384 |
| 0.1–0.2 | 293 |
| **0.15–0.85 (dead zone)** | **131 = 1.09%** |
| 0.9–1.0 | 278 |

At `mp >= 0.8` with >=3 events it returns **exactly the five confirmed units** —
BE9558, BE11529, BE12599, BE13117, BE18438 — stable from 0.5 to 0.9. Two
detectors on entirely different principles agreeing on the unit list is the
strongest corroboration that list has.

**BE11007 is settled: NOT an offset.** It reaches mp 0.75–0.89, but with
`frac_neg = 0.99` at peaks of **7.4–9.4 in/s** — parked *negative* during a
near-full-scale blast. §4's guess was right. `mp` alone cannot separate a
pedestal from a large one-sided blast; pair it with a peak ceiling or with
sign-consistency across events.

⚠ **Not a rediscovery of the retracted v1 detector.** v1 scored only the
largest-peak axis and used the mean as a *baseline estimator* where the median
was required. Here the mean is the signal itself, per channel — that is what the
physics licenses.

**Correction to §8c.** That section says the spread gate is "blind to onsets by
construction." Too strong: of 87 BE18438|Vert events at mp >= 0.5 the gate
rejected **one** — the transitional record. It does not lose onsets
systematically; it loses the transition specifically.

### 8e. BE12599 — a connector, not a geophone (2026-09-07)

Waveform shapes across its August episode, measured rather than eyeballed:

| date | channel | shape |
|---|---|---|
| Aug 09 05:29 | Long | **unipolar +**, 0/2304 samples below zero, decay tau **26 ms** |
| Aug 09 05:35 | Long | unipolar +, 3 spikes at irregular gaps (744, 1032 ms), tau **38 ms** |
| Aug 14 05:00 | Long | single lobe, bipolar, tau **118 ms** |
| Aug 17–23 | Tran | **flat DC pedestal**, sd/level 0.015–0.020, 0 zero crossings |

**Unipolar impulses with an RC tail are not mechanical.** Fast rise, exponential
decay, one polarity, irregular timing — that is charge dumped into a
capacitively-coupled input and draining through the input resistance. The
progression 26 ms -> 118 ms -> never recovers, over 14 days, is a leakage path
worsening.

**And the fault moved channels** — Long on Aug 9/14, Tran on Aug 17–23, Long
again on Aug 21 (1.065 in/s) while Tran held its pedestal. Vert stayed clean
throughout. **A failing geophone element cannot hop channels. A connector can.**

That single fact explains what had been puzzling:
- **The sensor self-check keeps passing** (7.4/7.5/7.6 Hz, ratios 3.6–4.2, all
  four channels Passed, on the very events where Long throws 0.5 in/s spikes).
  The swing test drives the element; the element is fine. The fault is in the
  wiring to it.
- **Why Instantel's autozero fixes only ~10%** — it cannot fix a connector.
- **Why onset "ramps" over minutes to hours** — contact resistance drifting.

All seven Aug 17–23 events are stamped **05:00:14**, the same second, and their
filename extensions run `8E → WE → KE → 8E → WE → KE → 8E` — the documented
3-day cycle for a fixed daily time. Clock-scheduled, not physically triggered:
the modem powers up, draws a surge, and a marginal connection responds.

**Field action: inspect and photograph the geophone connector BEFORE reseating
anything** — an intermittent contact clears the moment it is disturbed.

⚠ Scoped to BE12599. BE18438's onset was a smooth 7-minute ramp with no spikes,
which looks like a different failure mode wearing the same signature.

---

### ⚠ Serial prefixes — four of these units are BlastMates, not MiniMates

Corrected 2026-09-06, after Brian queried "BA10895?" against a report that
said BE10895. He was right. The BW filename encodes the serial **number
only** — `L895` -> 10895 — and every offset scanner synthesised the family
prefix as `"BE"`. Four of the 43 archive units are **BA** (BlastMate, the
MiniMate Plus's bigger sibling; same Series III, byte-identical data):

**BA9229, BA10060, BA10895, BA15957.**

Read off the file bodies, which carry the serial verbatim. No analysis
changed — grouping was always on the numeric part, and no unit number maps
to two serials — but every earlier reference to "BE10895" and the other
three is a label error and has been corrected throughout this document.

The same assumption was live in two production sites and is fixed
(`sfm/waveform_store.py`, `minimateplus/client.py`): the store would have
filed a BlastMate under a unit that does not exist, and the monitor-log
decoder lost the geo threshold along with the serial. See commit `9ceff65`.

---

## 9. Chronology

| date | event |
|---|---|
| 2026-08-25 | Reported as a *waveform decode bug* — traces with a DC offset. Investigation shows the offset is **real device data**; the decoder is correct. |
| 2026-08-25 | Brian relays his dad's description: a known hardware fault called an "offset"; usually sent to Instantel. |
| 2026-08-25 | First detection pass over the Terra-View DB: **2 of 21 units**, 274 events, 11 months. Flagged as vulnerable to survivorship bias — flooded events were routinely deleted. |
| 2026-08-25 | Condensation hypothesis proposed, then **killed by its own controls**. |
| 2026-08-25 | Parked pending the multi-year archive. |
| 2026-08-28 | DL2 archive pulled (33 GB, 546k files; 6.6 GB working set). |
| 2026-08-28 | Archive scan: **6 of 45 units**, 283 events, 15 episodes. Prior base rate **confirmed**, not overturned. |
| 2026-08-28 | Clipping ruled out; `m/p` established as the discriminator; BE11007 reclassified as probably a real blast. |
| 2026-08-28 | Calibration-timing correlation attempted and **rejected as confounded**. |
| 2026-08-28 | Instantel FAQs supplied: autozero procedure, the **2027–2069** window, the **>5 counts** threshold. Explains the ~10% re-zero success rate. |
| 2026-08-28 | Bimodality established; sensor check proven **blind** to offsets; `SUB 0x0E` identified as the best open lead. |
| 2026-08-28 | **v1 detector retracted.** Brian challenged the "come and go" finding against field experience. Two flaws found: dominant-axis-only scoring and mean-instead-of-median. Corrected detector shows persistent pedestals on **8 of 45 units**, and the gaps are service windows. |
| 2026-08-28 | **Detector v3 (Brian's method):** pre-trigger floor + pre/mid/end consistency. Healthy channels proven to sit at 0.000 +/-1 unit (94.5%), confirming no decoder zero-point bias. Final: **5 of 45 units (11%)**, threshold-insensitive. |
| 2026-09-04 | **Histogram corpus scanned** — 63,505 of 63,535 files, 43 units, 77.9M intervals (9.7x the waveform corpus). `scratch/offset_hist_scan.py`. |
| 2026-09-04 | Absolute-floor statistic **retired**: 66% of its discrimination is a day/site confound (other-channels-only AUC 0.746 vs 0.872). Zero-fraction shown **structurally impossible** — the device clamps every interval peak at >= 1 count. |
| 2026-09-04 | Site-quiet-gated cross-channel differential established: **BE18438 Vert, BE9558 Tran+Long**, threshold-insensitive over a 2.3x span. Finds only **2 of the 5** confirmed units — leakage into the histogram floor is bimodal (0.9 to 0.02), so a negative result carries almost no information. Per-channel attribution **not** established (channel-scramble p = 0.769). |
| 2026-09-04 | **BA10895 reclassified** from transient to a genuine Vert fault of a different subtype — 49.4% single-axis-dominant events, the highest in the fleet, 100% on Vert. The other six marginal units are clean. |
| 2026-09-04 | **Defect found in `offset_scan3.py`**: its `spread <= 0.02` gate discards 18.8% of rows with \|pre\| >= 0.025, concentrated on 41 negative unit-channels; 4 would be sustained positives without it. The fleet label is three-state, not two. |
| 2026-09-06 | **Four units relabelled BA, not BE** — BA9229, BA10060, BA10895, BA15957 are BlastMates. The BW filename carries only the serial number; the family prefix must be read from the file body. Fixed in the scanners and in two production sites. |
| 2026-09-06 | **Mechanism campaign — five hypotheses, all dead.** Thermal, ground-motion shock, handling/redeployment, accumulated duty, unit age, firmware and a mechanical element fault are each refuted or bounded. 7 nominally significant results against 5.2 expected by chance. |
| 2026-09-06 | **Onset is a RAMP of minutes-to-hours, not a step** — BE18438 Vert resolved to one-minute cadence, 50% of the excursion in 7 min, >=25 intermediates, ASCII-validated 75/75. Kills both a latched digital step AND slow component degradation. Surviving shape: a reversible two-time-constant settling process — a bias/leakage path charging a high-impedance node. |
| 2026-09-06 | **Polarity consistency RETRACTED** (a tautology of the spread gate; amplitude-only gives 12 of 53 unit-channels mixed) and the fleet **re-cut to 8–9 units, not 5**. "Persistent until serviced" weakened: 23 recoveries, median gap 6 days — though a field autozero cannot be excluded. |
| 2026-09-06 | The spread gate is **blind to onsets by construction** — it rejects a moving floor, which is what an onset is. It rejected the very record in which the ramp is visible. |
| 2026-09-07 | **The non-motion test** (Brian: "it doesn't cross zero"). `\|mean\|/peak` is bimodal with a 1.09% dead zone and returns exactly the 5 confirmed units from physics, not a threshold. Independent corroboration of the unit list. **BE11007 settled as NOT an offset** — a one-sided 9 in/s blast. |
| 2026-09-07 | **BE12599 is a connector fault, not a geophone fault.** Unipolar spikes with a 26→118 ms RC tail progressing to a flat pedestal, and the fault MOVES between Long and Tran while the sensor self-check passes on every event. An element cannot hop channels; a connector can. Inspect before reseating. |