seismo-relay/minimateplus/protocol.py

"""
protocol.py — High-level MiniMate Plus request/response protocol.

Implements the request/response patterns documented in
docs/instantel_protocol_reference.md on top of:
  - minimateplus.framing  — DLE codec, frame builder, S3 streaming parser
  - minimateplus.transport — byte I/O (SerialTransport / future TcpTransport)

This module knows nothing about pyserial or TCP — it only calls
transport.write() and transport.read_until_idle().

Key patterns implemented:
  - POLL startup handshake (two-step, special payload[5] format)
  - Generic two-step paged read (probe → get length → fetch data)
  - Response timeout + checksum validation
  - Boot-string drain (device sends "Operating System" ASCII before framing)

All public methods raise ProtocolError on timeout, bad checksum, or
unexpected response SUB.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import logging
import time
from typing import Optional

from .framing import (
    S3Frame,
    S3FrameParser,
    build_bw_frame,
    POLL_PROBE,
    POLL_DATA,
)
from .transport import BaseTransport

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)


# ── Constants ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

# Response SUB = 0xFF - Request SUB  (confirmed pattern, no known exceptions
# among read commands; one write-path exception documented for SUB 1C→6E).
def _expected_rsp_sub(req_sub: int) -> int:
    return (0xFF - req_sub) & 0xFF


# SUB byte constants (request side) — see protocol reference §5.1
SUB_POLL             = 0x5B
SUB_SERIAL_NUMBER    = 0x15
SUB_FULL_CONFIG      = 0x01
SUB_EVENT_INDEX      = 0x08
SUB_CHANNEL_CONFIG   = 0x06
SUB_TRIGGER_CONFIG   = 0x1C
SUB_EVENT_HEADER     = 0x1E
SUB_WAVEFORM_HEADER  = 0x0A
SUB_WAVEFORM_RECORD  = 0x0C
SUB_BULK_WAVEFORM    = 0x5A
SUB_COMPLIANCE       = 0x1A
SUB_UNKNOWN_2E       = 0x2E

# Hardcoded data lengths for the two-step read protocol.
#
# The S3 probe response page_key is always 0x0000 — it does NOT carry the
# data length back to us.  Instead, each SUB has a fixed known payload size
# confirmed from BW capture analysis (offset at payload[5] of the data-request
# frame).
#
# Key: request SUB byte.  Value: offset/length byte sent in the data-request.
# Entries marked 🔶 are inferred from captured frames and may need adjustment.
DATA_LENGTHS: dict[int, int] = {
    SUB_POLL:           0x30,   # POLL startup data block ✅
    SUB_SERIAL_NUMBER:  0x0A,   # 10-byte serial number block ✅
    SUB_FULL_CONFIG:    0x98,   # 152-byte full config block ✅
    SUB_EVENT_INDEX:    0x58,   # 88-byte event index ✅
    SUB_TRIGGER_CONFIG: 0x2C,   # 44-byte trigger config 🔶
    SUB_UNKNOWN_2E:     0x1A,   # 26 bytes, purpose TBD 🔶
    0x09:               0xCA,   # 202 bytes, purpose TBD 🔶
    # SUB_COMPLIANCE (0x1A) uses a multi-step sequence with a 2090-byte total;
    # NOT handled here — requires specialised read logic.
}

# Default timeout values (seconds).
# MiniMate Plus is a slow device — keep these generous.
DEFAULT_RECV_TIMEOUT = 10.0
POLL_RECV_TIMEOUT    = 10.0


# ── Exception ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

class ProtocolError(Exception):
    """Raised when the device violates the expected protocol."""


class TimeoutError(ProtocolError):
    """Raised when no response is received within the allowed time."""


class ChecksumError(ProtocolError):
    """Raised when a received frame has a bad checksum."""


class UnexpectedResponse(ProtocolError):
    """Raised when the response SUB doesn't match what we requested."""


# ── MiniMateProtocol ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

class MiniMateProtocol:
    """
    Protocol state machine for one open connection to a MiniMate Plus device.

    Does not own the transport — transport lifetime is managed by MiniMateClient.

    Typical usage (via MiniMateClient — not directly):
        proto = MiniMateProtocol(transport)
        proto.startup()              # POLL handshake, drain boot string
        data = proto.read(SUB_FULL_CONFIG)
        sn_data = proto.read(SUB_SERIAL_NUMBER)
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        transport: BaseTransport,
        recv_timeout: float = DEFAULT_RECV_TIMEOUT,
    ) -> None:
        self._transport = transport
        self._recv_timeout = recv_timeout
        self._parser = S3FrameParser()

    # ── Public API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    def startup(self) -> S3Frame:
        """
        Perform the POLL startup handshake and return the POLL data frame.

        Steps (matching §6 Session Startup Sequence):
          1. Drain any boot-string bytes ("Operating System" ASCII)
          2. Send POLL_PROBE (SUB 5B, offset=0x00)
          3. Receive probe ack (page_key is 0x0000; data length 0x30 is hardcoded)
          4. Send POLL_DATA (SUB 5B, offset=0x30)
          5. Receive data frame with "Instantel" + "MiniMate Plus" strings

        Returns:
            The data-phase POLL response S3Frame.

        Raises:
            ProtocolError: if either POLL step fails.
        """
        log.debug("startup: draining boot string")
        self._drain_boot_string()

        log.debug("startup: POLL probe")
        self._send(POLL_PROBE)
        probe_rsp = self._recv_one(
            expected_sub=_expected_rsp_sub(SUB_POLL),
            timeout=POLL_RECV_TIMEOUT,
        )
        log.debug(
            "startup: POLL probe response page_key=0x%04X", probe_rsp.page_key
        )

        log.debug("startup: POLL data request")
        self._send(POLL_DATA)
        data_rsp = self._recv_one(
            expected_sub=_expected_rsp_sub(SUB_POLL),
            timeout=POLL_RECV_TIMEOUT,
        )
        log.debug("startup: POLL data received, %d bytes", len(data_rsp.data))
        return data_rsp

    def read(self, sub: int) -> bytes:
        """
        Execute a two-step paged read and return the data payload bytes.

        Step 1: send probe frame (offset=0x00)      → device sends a short ack
        Step 2: send data-request (offset=DATA_LEN) → device sends the data block

        The S3 probe response does NOT carry the data length — page_key is always
        0x0000 in observed frames.  DATA_LENGTHS holds the known fixed lengths
        derived from BW capture analysis.

        Args:
            sub: Request SUB byte (e.g. SUB_FULL_CONFIG = 0x01).

        Returns:
            De-stuffed data payload bytes (payload[5:] of the response frame,
            with the checksum already stripped by the parser).

        Raises:
            ProtocolError: on timeout, bad checksum, or wrong response SUB.
            KeyError: if sub is not in DATA_LENGTHS (caller should add it).
        """
        rsp_sub = _expected_rsp_sub(sub)

        # Step 1 — probe (offset = 0)
        log.debug("read SUB=0x%02X: probe", sub)
        self._send(build_bw_frame(sub, 0))
        _probe = self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub)  # ack; page_key always 0

        # Look up the hardcoded data length for this SUB
        if sub not in DATA_LENGTHS:
            raise ProtocolError(
                f"No known data length for SUB=0x{sub:02X}. "
                "Add it to DATA_LENGTHS in protocol.py."
            )
        length = DATA_LENGTHS[sub]
        log.debug("read SUB=0x%02X: data request offset=0x%02X", sub, length)

        if length == 0:
            log.warning("read SUB=0x%02X: DATA_LENGTHS entry is zero", sub)
            return b""

        # Step 2 — data-request (offset = length)
        self._send(build_bw_frame(sub, length))
        data_rsp = self._recv_one(expected_sub=rsp_sub)

        log.debug("read SUB=0x%02X: received %d data bytes", sub, len(data_rsp.data))
        return data_rsp.data

    def send_keepalive(self) -> None:
        """
        Send a single POLL_PROBE keepalive without waiting for a response.

        Blastware sends these every ~80ms during idle.  Useful if you need to
        hold the session open between real requests.
        """
        self._send(POLL_PROBE)

    # ── Internal helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    def _send(self, frame: bytes) -> None:
        """Write a pre-built frame to the transport."""
        log.debug("TX %d bytes: %s", len(frame), frame.hex())
        self._transport.write(frame)

    def _recv_one(
        self,
        expected_sub: Optional[int] = None,
        timeout: Optional[float] = None,
    ) -> S3Frame:
        """
        Read bytes from the transport until one complete S3 frame is parsed.

        Feeds bytes through the streaming S3FrameParser.  Keeps reading until
        a frame arrives or the deadline expires.

        Args:
            expected_sub: If provided, raises UnexpectedResponse if the
                          received frame's SUB doesn't match.
            timeout:      Seconds to wait.  Defaults to self._recv_timeout.

        Returns:
            The first complete S3Frame received.

        Raises:
            TimeoutError: if no frame arrives within the timeout.
            ChecksumError: if the frame has an invalid checksum.
            UnexpectedResponse: if expected_sub is set and doesn't match.
        """
        deadline = time.monotonic() + (timeout or self._recv_timeout)
        self._parser.reset()

        while time.monotonic() < deadline:
            chunk = self._transport.read(256)
            if chunk:
                log.debug("RX %d bytes: %s", len(chunk), chunk.hex())
                frames = self._parser.feed(chunk)
                if frames:
                    frame = frames[0]
                    self._validate_frame(frame, expected_sub)
                    return frame
            else:
                time.sleep(0.005)

        raise TimeoutError(
            f"No S3 frame received within {timeout or self._recv_timeout:.1f}s"
            + (f" (expected SUB 0x{expected_sub:02X})" if expected_sub is not None else "")
        )

    @staticmethod
    def _validate_frame(frame: S3Frame, expected_sub: Optional[int]) -> None:
        """Validate checksum and SUB, raising on failure."""
        if not frame.checksum_valid:
            raise ChecksumError(
                f"Bad checksum in S3 frame SUB=0x{frame.sub:02X}"
            )
        if expected_sub is not None and frame.sub != expected_sub:
            raise UnexpectedResponse(
                f"Expected SUB=0x{expected_sub:02X}, got 0x{frame.sub:02X}"
            )

    def _drain_boot_string(self, drain_ms: int = 200) -> None:
        """
        Read and discard any boot-string bytes ("Operating System") the device
        may send before entering binary protocol mode.

        We simply read with a short timeout and throw the bytes away.  The
        S3FrameParser's IDLE state already handles non-frame bytes gracefully,
        but it's cleaner to drain them explicitly before the first real frame.
        """
        deadline = time.monotonic() + (drain_ms / 1000)
        discarded = 0
        while time.monotonic() < deadline:
            chunk = self._transport.read(256)
            if chunk:
                discarded += len(chunk)
            else:
                time.sleep(0.005)
        if discarded:
            log.debug("drain_boot_string: discarded %d bytes", discarded)